Transcript Geography PPT Unit 1-4

Geography
Study of the Earth
What is Geography?

Study of the physical
features of the earth and
its atmosphere

Study of spatial variation

How and why things
differ from place to
place on Earth.

Study of how
observable patterns
evolve through time.
To Begin With…

1. I was going toward the east and
turned left into a street. I was now
going toward what direction?

North

2. I am lying in bed on my stomach with
my head toward the south. Which wall
of the room is to my left?

East
More Questions…

3. A boy stood on a beach in the
continental United States and looked out
toward the setting sun over the ocean.
Toward which ocean is he facing?

Pacific

He then turned sharply to the right. Which
direction is he now facing?

North
Why is Geography Important?

Geography is not just about maps

Geography is:

Human Economies, Societies, and
Cultures

Plants, Animals, and Resources

Climate and Physical Environment

How all Things Affect Each Other:
 Pattern Prediction, How things
are Interconnected, Etc.
Five Themes of Geography

1. Location

2. Place

3. Region

4. Human-Environment Interaction

5. Movement
Theme: Location
 The geographic question
“Where is it?” refers to location.
 Absolute and Relative Locations
Absolute Location

Exact position of a
mountain, river, or city
on Earth’s surface using
latitude and longitude

Ex. Hurricane Gustav is
at 19*N 74*W
Relative Location

Describes a place in relation to other
places around it

Relative location can change

How?
Theme: Place

The question “What is it
like?” refers to place.

Place includes the
physical features and
cultural characteristics
of a location.

Climate, landforms,
and vegetation
Las Vegas

What can you tell about this city based on this picture?
Theme: Region

The question “How are places
similar or different?” refers to
region.

Regions usually have more
than one characteristic that
unifies them.

They may include physical,
political, economic, or cultural
characteristics.

Examples: South Asia, Europe,
Midwest, the Sunbelt
Theme: Human-Environment
Interaction

The question “How do
people relate to the
physical world?” refers to
the relationship between
human and their
environment.

People learn to use what
the environment offers
them and to change that
environment to meet their
needs.
Theme: Movement

The question “How do
people, goods, and
ideas move from one
location to another?”

Geographers are
interested in the ways
people, good, and ideas
move from place to
place.
Geographers LOVE Maps!!!

Parts of a Map:


Compass Rose,
Legend/Key, Scale
Types of Maps:

Topographical

Physical

Political

Etc.
Parts of a Map
 Legend/Key
 Compass Rose
 Map Scale
Map key or legend

Symbols on a map
Compass Rose

An ornamental symbol showing all four
compass points
Map Scale

Line or bar that marks
out how many inches
or centimeters on the
map equal how many
miles or kilometers on
Earth’s surface
Types of Maps
 Topographical
 Physical
 Political
 Etc
Topographical Map

A map that shows the relief of an area.
Physical Map

A map that shows the relief of an area.
Political Map

A map that shows the relief of an area.
Map Projections
Physical Geography

The student of the natural features of the earth’s
surface

Including: land formation, climate, currents, and distribution
of plants and animals
The Solar System
Planets:
 Mercury
 Venus
 Earth
 Mars
 Jupiter
 Saturn
 Uranus
 Neptune
 (No longer Pluto)
Orbit

The fixed path that a
planet follows as it
moves around the sun
Revolution

Movement of the Earth around the sun: contributes
to the seasons of the year. Takes 365 ¼ days.
Movement

1. The Earth is rotating
at 1000 miles per hour.

2. The Earth is
revolving at 66,000
miles per hour.

3. The Milky Way is
moving at 1.3 million
miles per hour.
Axis

Imaginary line that passes through the center
of the planet from pole to pole on which the
Earth rotates

Earth is tilted 23 ½ degrees
Rotation

Turning of the Earth on
its axis, causing night
and day (takes 24
hours)
Make Up of Earth

Crust: Band of solid rock at the
Earth’s surface that floats on the
mantle

Mantle: A partly melted, hot inner
layer of rock between Earth’s crust
and its core

Outer Core: Layer of Earth made of
hot molten iron and nickel

Inner Core: The innermost portion
of the Earth, made up of a solid
1,560 mile wide ball of iron and
nickel
Plates

Enormous moving pieces of the Earth’s
crust.
Plate Tectonics

The study of large scale movements of
Earth’s crust

Most of the Earth’s volcanoes are found
along the plate boundaries.
Landforms are caused by moving plates

There are four types of landforms:

Mountain

Hill

Plateau

Plain
Lava

Liquid rock forced out
of the ground onto the
surface by volcanic
activity; Magma that
has reached the Earth’s
surface is called lava.

The liquid rock inside
the Earth is called
magma.
Dome

Large
formation
created by
underground
magma that
warps Earth’s
surface

Picture at top is
a lava dome
inside Mount
St. Helens
Ring of Fire

Zone around the rim of
the Pacific Ocean where
many of the active
volcanoes are located.
Aquifer

An underground layer of rock that stores water.
Weather

The temperature and
rainfall conditions of
any place on a given
day
Climate

The average of weather conditions over a
period of years
Latitude

Lines that run east to
west on the globe but
measure north to south

Also called parallels
Equator

0 degrees latitude
Longitude

Lines that run north to
south on the globe but
measure east to west

Also called Meridians
Prime Meridian

0 degrees Longitude
and runs through
Greenwich, England
Tropic of Cancer

23 ½ degrees north
Tropic of Capricorn

23 ½ degrees south
Arctic Circle

66 ½ degrees north
Antarctic Circle

66 ½ degrees south
Question for You
 Why do we need to know
how to locate latitude and
longitude?
High latitudes or Polar regions

All of the area north of the Arctic Circle
(66 ½ degrees north)

All of the area south of the Antarctic
Circle (66 ½ degrees south)

Cold
Low Latitudes or Tropics

23 ½ degrees north latitude to 23 ½
degrees south latitude

Hot
Middle Latitudes

23 ½ degrees north to 66 ½ degrees north

23 ½ degrees south to 66 ½ degrees south

Temperate
Why Weather Matters

How does weather
affect cultural and
societal development?

Differing theories
 Environmental
Determinism
 Possibilism

Does weather affect
where people live?

Yes! Look at
population density
around the world.
Continents

Ural Mountains separate Europe from Asia
Continent Questions

1. Largest continent

Asia

2. Smallest continent

Australia

3. Touches the Atlantic, Pacific and
Indian Oceans

Antarctica
More Questions

4. Contains the Alps

Europe

5. Contains the Amazon River

South America

6. The continent with the largest population

Asia

7. Cape of Good Hope at its southern tip

Africa

8. Contains the worlds longest river

Africa
More Questions

9. Separated from Asia by the Isthmus of Suez

Africa

10. Contains the tallest mountain

Asia

11. What are the tallest mountains?

Himalayas
Mt. Everest in the Himalayas

Approx. 29,035’
high

In Asia
Mariana Trench

Deepest point in the ocean

Approx. 36,201’ deep

Off coast of Japan