Transcript 5 Themes of geography

5 Themes of Geography
What are the five themes?
Tools geographer’s use to study
features on earth.
– Location
– Place
– Movement
– Region
– Human-Environment Interaction
Location
Describes where places are at on earth.
Types of Location:
– ABSOLUTE: exact location on earth (fixed)
• Doesn’t change
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Latitude/Longitude
Hemispheres
Grid System
Address
– RELATIVE: compared to other places (variable)
• Changes dependent upon where you’re comparing it to.
– Miles
– Distance
– Direction
Absolute Location
Examples:
– Rome is located at 41 N, 12 E
– Argentina is located in the southern
hemisphere
– Ecuador is located in Tropic of Cancer.
– LNE is located in Lincoln, NE.
Relative Location
Examples:
– Rome is located near the Mediterranean
Sea.
– Argentina is near Brazil.
– Ecuador is south of Mexico.
– Lincoln is 50 miles from Omaha.
Place
A place is defined by it’s unique
characteristics.
– Physical characteristics
– Human-Cultural characteristics
Physical Characteristics
Specific to THAT place, not generic.
– The way a place looks.
Created by nature.
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Mountains
Rivers, Lakes, Seas
Climate
Vegetation
Examples:
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Andes Mountains are in South America.
Amazon River flows through Brazil.
Pampas are located in Argentina.
The isthmus of Panama connects Central & South America.
Human-Cultural
Characteristics
Specific to THAT place, not generic.
– Peoples activities change the way a place looks or is
represented.
Man-made or invented.
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Language
Unique buildings
Religious Practices
Celebrations/traditions/holidays
Examples:
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Portuguese is the official language of Brazil.
Many Mexicans are Catholic.
Mayan ruins are located in Mexico.
Cinco de Mayo is a national holiday in Mexico.
Movement
Places do not exist in isolation.
– People, goods & ideas move from place to place.
– Places do not exist in isolation people, goods, & ideas move
between them.
– Ideas (such as the spread of religion) and trade are clear
examples of movement.
– Interdependence: The dependence of countries on goods,
resources, & knowledge from other parts of the world. For
example, Americans get their coffee from South America,
tea from India, and Oil form the Middle East.
Movement
Other Examples
– Immigrants from Central and South America to the
United States.
– Warfare or Conflict indirectly brings movement of
ideas.
– Technology Impact: Internet and Social Networks
– Myspace and Facebook for example.
Region
The world is divided into different regions
based upon similarities & differences.
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Climate
Location
Beliefs
Languages
Ethnicity/Race
Types:
– Formal
– Functional
– Perceptual
Formal Region
Most common/familiar.
Determined by the distribution of a uniform
characteristic (physical or cultural)
– Location
– Climate
– Religion
Examples
– Central America (Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama)
– Latin America (spanish-speaking nations)
– Tropics (countries located near equator)
Functional Region
Serves a purpose that affects places around
it.
– Distributes goods/people
– Serves specific purpose
Examples:
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Panama Canal
Amazon River Basin
Hollywood
Havana, Cuba
Perceptual Region
Groups of areas that provoke a certain
stereotype or feeling.
Examples:
– The Bronx
– The “ghetto”
– China town
Human-Environment
Interaction
The environment & people are
interconnected.
Consequences to those actions depend
upon how people choose to interact with
the world and use their resources.
– Positive/Negative
– Intentional/Accidental
– Favorable/Destructive
Human-Environment
Interaction
Consequences:
– Positive/Negative
• Positive: Irrigation of infertile land to allow crops to grow.
• Negative: Pollution of Rivers and Environment.
– Intentional/Accidental
• Intentional: Cutting down a grove of trees to build a new school.
• Accidental: The Deer that lived in the grove of trees are now
forced to relocate or adapt to the new living conditions.
– Favorable/Destructive
• Favorable: Preserving land as parks and national wildlife
reserves.
• Destructive: Strip mine in Quarries or Deforestation for lumber
mills.
Human-Environment
Interaction
Current Environmental Issues:
– Climate Change (global warming)
– Limited Energy Resources
– Water Conservation
– Deforestation
Assignment
“What does each theme look like?”
Use the graphic organizer to visually
represent each of the fives themes of
geography.
– You may ONLY use words to label each
circle.
– Your picture should clearly describe the
theme.
– Be creative, and thoughtful.