Transcript 5 Themes Of Geography - Mater Academy Charter Middle/ High

6 Essential
Elements
& 5 Themes Of
Geography
By Mrs. Davalos
ELEMENT 1: THE WORLD IN
SPATIAL TERMS
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Maps, photographs, and satellite images are principal tools
for investigating the relationships between people, places,
and environments. When information is shown using those
tools, it is in a spatial context. The spatial context for
geography is the Earth.
How to use maps and other geographic representations,
tools, and technologies to acquire, process, and report
information from a spatial perspective.
How to use mental maps to organize information about
people, places, and environments in a spatial context.
How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places,
and environments on Earth's surface.
ELEMENT 2: PLACES AND
REGIONS
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People are attached to particular places and
regions. Regions and places have been given
meaning by people, and in turn those places and
regions help people to organize and understand
the complex world. The geographically informed
person knows and understands:
The physical and human characteristics of places.
That people create regions to interpret Earth's
complexity.
How culture and experience influence people's
perceptions of places and regions.
ELEMENT 3: PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
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The Earth is always changing. Many of the changes
are the result of physical processes. Geography
includes four types of physical processes that are
important to understanding the Earth.
The atmosphere (weather and climate), the
lithosphere (plate tectonics, erosion), the
hydrosphere (oceans, water cycle), and biosphere
(ecosystems, vegetation) are the physical systems
that shape and change the surface of the Earth. The
geographically informed person knows and
understands:
The physical processes that shape the patterns of
Earth's surface.
ELEMENT 4: HUMAN SYSTEMS
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Human systems are in constant change on the
Earth. People migrate, increase, decrease, or
stabilize their numbers in different places, and
learn ways of living that distinguish a group from
other groups. Human systems are comprised
primarily of population, culture, settlement, and
the cooperation, conflicts, and relationships
among those components.
The geographically informed person knows and
understands: The characteristics, distribution, and
migration of human populations on Earth's surface.
The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of
Earth's cultural mosaics.
ELEMENT 5: ENVIRONMENT
AND SOCIETY
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Human history has witnessed many different
instances of people interacting with the
environment. People sometimes adjust their
lives to fit the environmental conditions, while
in other settings the natural environment has
been greatly altered to meet the needs of
people. Some societies have benefited
greatly from environmental resources and
others have created environmental hazards
and crises in the way the resources have
been used.
 How
human actions modify the physical
environment.
ELEMENT 6: THE USES OF
GEOGRAPHY
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Geography provides a means to look at the
past, present, and future. Events and issues,
regardless of their past, present, or future
nature, have a geographical context. The
geographical context is important to
explaining what happened and where, and
what the consequences were or might be,
both historically and geographically.
How to apply geography to interpret the past.
How to apply geography to interpret the
present and plan for the future.
5 Themes of geography
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There are actually five themes of geography. They are:
Location, Place, Region, Movement, (Human/Environmental)
Interaction.
An acronym (to remember it) is: Lily plays racquetball more inside.
HOPE THIS HELPS!
actually there are 6 elements. Another way to remember this is Mr.
Help
M- Movement
R- Region
.
HE- Human/ Environmental
L- Location
P- Place
Location
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Is your exact location example an address
LOCATION "Where are we?" is the question that the
theme Location answers. Location may be absolute
or it may be relative. These locations, whether
relative or absolute, may be of people or places.
An absolute location is a latitude and longitude (a
global location) or a street address (local location).
Florence, AL is 34o46' North latitude and 87.40' West
longitude
Paris, France is 48o51' North latitude and 2.20' East
longitude
Marshall Islands are 10o00' North latitude and 165o00'
East longitude
Location
 Relative
locations are described by
landmarks, time, direction or distance
from one place to another and may
associate a particular place with another.
Place
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All places have certain characteristics that
distinguish them from other places. For
example, think of Florida. When describing it,
people say, "It's hot, humid, has a lot of
tourists, and beautiful beaches. Its Near
Georgia.
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Write down the first three things they think of
when Florida is mentioned
Place
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PLACE
What kind of place is it? What do you think of when you imagine China?
Japan? Russia? Saudi Arabia?
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Places have both human and physical characteristics, as well as images.
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Physical characteristics include mountains, rivers, soil, beaches, wildlife, soil.
Places have human characteristics also. These characteristics are derived
from the ideas and actions of people that result in changes to the
environment, such as buildings, roads, clothing, and food habits.
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The image people have of a place is based on their experiences, both
intellectual and emotional. People's descriptions of a place reveal their
values, attitudes, and perceptions.
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How is your hometown connected to other places? What are the human and
physical characteristics of Florence? How do these shape our lives?
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Human/Environment
Interaction
 Geographers
study the positive and
negative effects of how people interact
with their environment. What are changes
people make to the land or water that
affect their everyday lives? Examples
would be they build dams, create
highways, and clear forests.
Stop Population Posters
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENTAL
INTERACTION
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How do humans and the environment affect each
other? We change the environment and then
sometime Mother Nature changes it back. For
example, floods in the mid-West, Hurricane Emily
(Hatteras), and earthquakes and mudslides in
California.
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There are three key concepts to
human/environmental interaction:
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Humans adapt on the environment.
Humans modify the environment.
Humans depend to the environment.
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENTAL
INTERACTION
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People depend on the Tennessee River for our water
and transportation. People modify our environment
by heating and coolings buildings for comfort.
People adapt to the environment by wearing
clothing that is suitable for summer and winter; rain
and shine.
All places on Earth have advantages and
disadvantages for human settlement. One person's
advantage may be another person's disadvantage.
Some like the excitement of large cities whereas
others prefer remoteness. Environment is not just
trees, spotted owls, and rain forests. Environment is a
feeling. What is the environment of a big city?
Boston? Los Angeles? Dallas?
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENTAL
INTERACTION
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Given the choice, where would you live? Why?
What is the environment? How do people interact
with the environment? How do the physical
features affect us?
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How have we adapted to or changed our
landscape? For example, in the Sudan even
though everything is seemingly barren, the land
sustains farmers and nomadic herders. People
and animals have adapted to a hot, dry climate.
Movement
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The movement of people, the import and export
of goods, and mass communication have all
played major roles in shaping our world. People
everywhere interact. They travel from place to
place and they communicate. We live in a global
village and global economy.
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People interact with each other through
movement. Humans occupy places unevenly on
Earth because of the environment but also
because we are social beings. We interact with
each other through travel, trade, information flows
(E-Mail) and political events.
Movement
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Not only do humans move but also ideas move;
fashions move; fads move.
What is an example of an idea that moves?
Fashion? Fad?
How do we depend on people in other places?
How would our lives change if our movement
options changed?
What would happen if we traveled by camel or
horse?
How do we move from place to place?
How do we actually get food?
Movement
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theme of geography has to do with
how and why people move from one
place to another.
Why do people move from crowded
cities is ?
Region
 Regions
is the study of sections of the
earth and the characteristics that make
them up, including industry, landforms,
and water.
 Look at the region you live in with your
students.
 What is your region known for?
Region
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region is the basic unit of study in
geography. A region is an area that
displays a coherent unity in terms of the
government, language, or possibly the
landform or situation. Regions are human
constructs that can be mapped and
analyzed.
Region
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There are three basic types of regions.
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Formal regions are those defined by governmental or
administrative boundaries (i. e., United States, Birmingham, Brazil).
These regional boundaries are not open to dispute, therefore
physical regions fall under this category (i. e., The Rockies, the
Great Lakes States).
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Functional regions are those defined by a function (i. e., TVA,
United Airlines Service area or a newspaper service area). If the
function ceases to exists, the region no longer exists.
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Vernacular regions are those loosely defined by people's
perception (i. e., The South, The Middle East).
Region Q & A
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What region do we live in?
What type of region is it?
What are its characteristics? South, North
Alabama, the Shoals, the University
community?
What states do you define as the South? The
Northeast?
The Bible Belt?
What characteristics and perceptions go
along with these regions?
Review
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Location -- Where are things located? A location can be specific (for
example, it can be stated as coordinates of longitude and latitude or as a
distance from another place) or general (it's in the Northeast).
Place -- What makes a place different from other places? Differences might
be defined in terms of climate, physical features, or the people who live there
and their traditions.
Human-environment interaction -- What are the relationships among people
and places? How have people changed the environment to better suit their
needs?
Movement -- What are the patterns of movement of people, products, and
information? A study of movement includes learning about major modes of
transportation used by people, an area's major exports and imports, and ways
in which people communicate (move ideas).
Regions -- How can Earth be divided into regions for study? Regions can be
defined by a number of characteristics including area, language, political
divisions, religions, and vegetation (for example, grassland, marshland, desert,
rain forest).