Transcript Development of Communication and Trade Networks

Development of
Communication and Trade Networks
Mrs. Freeman Notes
2014-2015
Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 Geography determined what was exchanged, where
it was exchanged and by whom it was exchanged.
Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 Geography determined what was exchanged, where
it was exchanged and by whom it was exchanged.
 Climate & Topography
 Location of valuable minerals, types of plants that can be grown,
existence of seaports, mountain passes & oases
 Merchants needed to transport these goods with relative safety across
regions
Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 Geography determined what was exchanged, where
it was exchanged and by whom it was exchanged.
 Climate & Topography
 Location of valuable minerals, types of plants that can be grown,
existence of seaports, mountain passes & oases
 Merchants needed to transport these goods with relative safety across
regions
 The Want for Goods
 SALT
 http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-ofus/videos/salt
 Great treks necessary for big payoffs
 Visualize the Afro-Eurasia trade network – SILK
Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 The Silk Roads
Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 The Silk Roads
 Most extensive of land-based trade routes
 Named for highly valued silk traded
 REMEMBER – for centuries only China knew how to make silk
Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 The Silk Roads
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Most extensive of land-based trade routes
Named for highly valued silk traded
REMEMBER – for centuries only China knew how to make silk
OTHER ITEMS ALSO TRADED
 From East Asia to points west: horses, furs, ivory, perfumes, furniture,
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rice, wool, tea
From South Asia to points east and west: cotton, spices, rice
From Central Asia to points east, west, south: dates, almonds, fruit,
camels, horses
From points west to the east and south: glass, gold, furs, cattle, olive oil
http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-ofus/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-the-silk-road
Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 The exchange of grains and fabrics across Eurasia changed
farming techniques and allowed for crops to grow in new
regions.
 The qanat system, a form of irrigation, transports water from
below ground to surface in arid regions.
 Knowledge & use of this system from Central Asia spread into other
regions – particularly Southwest Asia.
Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 The exchange of grains and fabrics across Eurasia changed
farming techniques and allowed for crops to grow in new
regions.
 The qanat system, a form of irrigation, transports water from
below ground to surface in arid regions.
 Knowledge & use of this system from Central Asia spread into other
regions – particularly Southwest Asia.
 Buddhism
Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 The exchange of grains and fabrics across Eurasia changed
farming techniques and allowed for crops to grow in new
regions.
 The qanat system, a form of irrigation, transports water from
below ground to surface in arid regions.
 Knowledge & use of this system from Central Asia spread into other
regions – particularly Southwest Asia.
 Buddhism
 Disease – Han Dynasty
Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 Sahara Caravan Routes
 Commerce across North Africa
 Coastal cities of Mediterranean rich in vegetation and resources
 Dates, cotton, dyes, glass, leather goods supplied from these cities
 South of the “rim” of the Mediterranean is Sahara Desert – merchants
exchanged above items for gold, salt, ivory and animal hides – connecting
into Silk Road
Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 Sahara Caravan Routes
 Commerce across North Africa
 Coastal cities of Mediterranean rich in vegetation and resources
 Dates, cotton, dyes, glass, leather goods supplied from these cities
 South of the “rim” of the Mediterranean is Sahara Desert – merchants
exchanged above items for gold, salt, ivory and animal hides – connecting
into Silk Road
 CAMEL introduced as a means for transporting goods
 Islam (600- 1450) carried into trans-Saharan region along trade routes
Land Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 North-South Eurasian Routes
 Directly connected to Silk Roads were more networks of trade
routes that run North, South, and linked Central Asia to South
and Southwest Asia
 Routes connected to the edges of Baltic Sea in Europe,
involving Russia and the Black Sea trade connections
 Constantinople was key center linking these exchanges.
THESIS PRACTICE
 Analyze the changes and continuities in the Indian Ocean
region from 500 B.C.E. to 1400 C.E. Discuss economic,
cultural and demographic factors. Using 500 B.C.E. as a
starting point, include examples of at least three of the
following regions: South, Southeast and East Asia; the Middle
East and East Africa.
 Go to PollEv.com/jessicafreeman and enter your thesis
statement.
Sea Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 Indian Ocean Trading Network
 Largest trading area in the world prior to Europeans crossing
the Atlantic
 Connected Southeast Asia and China to Africa, Middle East &
South Asia
 Major conveyor of Buddhism from South Asia into East and
Southeast Asia
 Major conveyor of Islam from Middle East
 Similar items traded on Silk Roads traded on Indian Ocean
Sea Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 Indian Ocean Trading Network
 Sea depended upon ocean currents and winds
 Monsoon winds blow along East African coast toward South
Asia in summer and down East African coast in winter –
HELPED MERCHANTS PLAN SHIPMENTS
 Trading ships used by Arab merchants called dhows
Sea Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 Mediterranean Trading Areas
 vast & long lasting
 Olives, pottery, glass, woodwork, leather, wool, textiles
 Out of Africa, merchants traded gold, ivory, salt, copper and
slaves
 Christianity was carried into eastern and western Europe and
Africa by foot – but especially by boats
Sea Networks of Africa, Europe & Asia
 Black Sea Trading Areas
 Constantinople major exchange point
 Merchants carried goods from Silk Roads, Mediterranean and
Russia
 600-1450, merchants carried bubonic plague into western
Europe
Exchanging Goods in the Americas
 Much smaller scale than in Afro-Eurasia
Exchanging Goods in the Americas
 Much smaller scale than in Afro-Eurasia
 Fewer people
 Fewer large domesticated animals
 Wheel not developed for transportation until Europeans arrived
 Llama and alpaca were used as pack animals in the Andes
 Dogs pulled sleds
 Isthmus of Panama made trade difficult from South America in
Central and North America
Exchanging Goods in the Americas
 Despite limitations – still evidence of exchanges of plants,
manufactured goods and clothing
 Exchanges made in relay fashion – not necessarily merchants
 American maize first developed in Mesoamerica – spread to
regions north and south along trade connections
 Areas with most trade activity= Maya & Teotihuacan; Moche