Transcript TransEcoNet
Landscape history analysis through the cartographic historical heritage: case study for Kozjansko and Pomurje regions, Slovenia Tomaž Podobnikar1,2,3 , Blaž Barborič4 1 School of Environmental Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy for Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 4Geodetski inštitut Slovenije, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana 2Scientific Workshop on Landscape History Sopron, 22 April 2010 Objectives • Description of investigation area • Methodology, outputs • Preliminary results of the project TransEcoNet project regions Southern region 3-country Nature Park: Goričko – Raab – Őrség • 1996 – Raab • 2002 – Őrség • 2003 – Goričko Associated initiatives (local, cross border, transboundary) • Slovenia: – Biomura • Hungary: – National Park Őrség • Austria: – Nature Park Raab • Europe: – Natura 2000 – Greenbelt Slovenian part: Pomurje • the activities are carried out in the Pomurje region, Slovenia – the spread of the invasive species Robinia pseudacacia – the underlying causes and assess landscape scale ecological dynamics (e.g. Mura River floodplains, land use analysis in time series of last 200 years) in ecological networks – the concept of place attachment and identification of the people with their landscape • partners for the Pomurje – – – – PP14: University of Nova Gorica (UNG) PP15: Regional Development Agency Mura (RRA) AP20: Nature Park Goričko AP21: Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU) Pomurje, Slovenia Forests and natural heritage of Mura River Methodology, outputs Methodology, outputs • WP4 – multi-scale mapping of the history – comparison with the current status of ecological networks in Central Europe – [Historical datasets of Mura River: (1) maps, plans, orthophotos, satellite images, (2) other material: photographs, topographic reports, tales/myths… (3) Methods: GIS, RS and statistic analysis, empirical approaches, multiscale and multi-quality data analysis] Preliminary results of the project Preliminary results of the project • identification and mapping of the Robinia pseudacacia • historical maps (spatial data sets) of Pomurje region for various applications • land use changes analysis (time series: landscape reconstruction for the last 200 years) • cooperation, harmonisation, other PPs Riparian forest of River Mura On the bank of the river grow floodplain forests, as • Salicetum albae • Fraxino-Ulmetum • Genisto-Quercetum • neophytic tree species Robinia pseudacacia Fraxino-Ulmetum Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris Salicetum albae Robinia pseudacacia • Robinia pseudacacia (= tree) – native from Pennsylvania to northern Georgia and westward as far as Arkansas and Oklahoma – introduced to Europe at the beginning of the 17th cent. – flowers: early May, after the leaves • it occurs on meadows and agricultural surfaces that are being overgrown – it is invasive in mild climate as in the Pomurje region is (= natural expanding + plantation) – most expanded in the region in 1980s – affect of socioeconomic situation in the region (?) • the vegetation in these regions has changed to such an extent that it cannot be classified into any forest community Identification and mapping of the Robinia pseudacacia Some criteria for recognition of the species: • white flowers in spring (after leaves) • lighter green colour comparing with floodplain forest… Data sources: • sat. images: IRS-P6 (Indian Remote Sensing ~5 to 20 m), Landsat ETM and TM (30 m) – from 1990s to today; lower spatial, higher spectral resol. • contemporary orthophotos and aerial photographs starting from 1959 • IR-orthophotos • contemporary (and historical) maps, plans • DEM/DTM (+ LiDAR) • field work mapping, various land use data, Corine Land Cover, soil map… • interviews with local farmers Methodology (RS, GIS and statistic techniques): • reconstruction of R. pseudacacia-dynamics in the recent decade • modelling the distribution of R. pseudacacia in relation to abiotic environmental factors and land use • modelling (prediction) the expected distribution of R. pseudacacia in case of climate and land use change Historical maps (spatial data sets) of Pomurje region for various applications Outputs: - land use spatial data sets - study of Mura River changes (natural and anthropogenic) Data sets: - historical maps + LiDAR DTM + other documentation Mura: Habsburg 1st military survey (Josephine) 1763–1787; 1 : 28 800 commissioned by the empress Maria Theresa cause: Seven Years’ War against Prussia (1756–1763) no projection (maybe Cassini-Soldner), no coordinates that time exceptionality achievement graphical mapping – considerable deformations Habsburg Franciscan cadastre (1 : 1440) Habsburg 2nd military survey (Franciscan) survey: 1817–1825, mapping: 1830–1834 1 : 28 800 applying trigonometric points for survey quality influence of producing of Franciscian cadastre 1823–1826 3 coordinate systems in Slovenia (+ 3 canters of geodetic surveys - datums): Krim (near o Ljubljana) Schöckl (near to Graz) Gellért (near to Budapest) coordinates, projection Cassini (transverse cylindrical projection) relief represented with hatching, after 1860 with contour lines military map (1 : 14 400) from 1869 Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey 1869–1887; “special” 1 : 75 000; optional: 1 : 25 000 (survey was in this scale) and “degree” maps (“general”) 1 : 200 000 horizontal and vertical network according to Mittel-Europäische Gradmessung Bessel ellipsoid 1841, every map sheet in own (stereographic) projection Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey, 1 : 75 000 Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey, 1 : 75 000 Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey, 1 : 75 000 from 1881 Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey, 1 : 75 000 from 1894 regulation of Mure River! (first map where is this recognisable) (1 : 150 000) from 1925 from 1937 from ~1950 meanders finally disappeared just some lethargies left Presentation of area included in historical assessment (PP10) • Kozjanski Park covers an area of 206 sq km • The biggest regional park in Slovenia • 100% of area is protected, Natura 2000 areas represents 69% of total park, Special Protection Areas 2,3% Presentation of area included in historical assessment (PP10) • Bistrica gorge • Dry extensive grasslands • High-trunk orchards Map sources Historical assessment of Kozjanski park • • • • • • • 1st Austrian military survey (1763–1787) – 1:28 800 3rd Austrian military survey (1836-1852) – 1:28 800 Franciscan cadastre maps (1823–1826) - 1 : 5760 Rohitsch und Drachenburg (1943) – 1:75 000 Topographic maps (1951) – 1:50 000 Topographic maps (1971) – 1:25 000 Topographic maps (2006) – 1:50 000 1 Historical maps, orthophotos, land use: 1784-2009 2 8 7 5 3 4 6 Georeferencing method • Josephine military maps and Franciscan cadastre maps were first combined and later georeferenced Different legend keys Josephine military topography transitional woodland shrub forest bare rocks urban fabric pastures inland waters Franciscan cadastre Italian 1:25,000 Yugoslav 1:25,000 Quality and time series Backward editing method (“reverse engineering”) Land use changes 1800 1930 2000 Focus and investigation areas that are included in historical assessment •Kozjanski Park covers an area of 206 sq km Investigation areas: • Bistrica gorge • Dry extensive grasslands • High-trunk orchards Results - vectorized layers Results - analysis Land use 1869-1887 Land use 1943 12000 surface [ha] surface [ha] 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 grassland forest urban area 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 grassland fruit garden forest urban area fruit garden Land use 2006 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 12000,0000 10000,0000 surface [ha] surface [ha] Land use 1955 vineyards 8000,0000 6000,0000 4000,0000 2000,0000 0,0000 grassland vineyard forest urban fruit garden arable land and gardens vineyard intensive extensive fruit garden fruit garden intensive grassland exstensive grassland forest urban area w aters Results - analysis 12000 10000 surface [ha] 1870 8000 1943 6000 1955 4000 2006 2000 0 grassland vineyard forest urban fruit garden Land use/land cover legend for assessing landscape dynamics 1 Travniki Grassland Polygon • According to comparison of 2 Vinogradi Vineyards Polygon the legends obtained from different map sources 5 polygons were established 3 Gozd Forest Polygon 4 Urbana območja Urban areas Polygon 5 Sadovnjaki Fruit trees Polygon Dynamics of change of land cover – changed/unchanged areas 1780-1870 1943-1955 2006-2009 1955-2006 1870-1943 • Similar changes of landcover periods from 1780 to 2006 Stably used areas from 1780 - 2009 • Forest and grassland are main unchanged landuse classes Dynamics of change of land cover Landscape dynamics • • • Vectorized layers were overlaid Sliver poligons were produced and eliminated using ArcGIS tools Trajectories of change were calculated Tomaž Podobnikar, [email protected] Blaž Barborič, [email protected] Thank You for Your attention.