Transcript IntroBasics

Do-First: 5 Silent
Logistics
• Backpacks on floor.
• Writing Utensil and Notes
only thing on your desk.
• If you have a phone…
• Text This message
– @mrfullm
• To This number
– 281.769.3220
Academic
• Answer the questions on the
first slide of your handout.
Do First:
Answer the True and False
Questions Below.
•
•
•
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T/F: I should be talking to my friend during the do first.
T/F: My World Geography contract is due Wednesday.
T/F: If I miss class I get to skip that days assignment.
T/F: If I know I am going to miss school I should contact my teacher before
hand.
• T/F: The map on the back wall of the classroom is called a Robinson
Projection.
• Name as many country flags as you can from the wall and ceiling.
The World of Geography
The Five Themes
Objective: SWBAT
-Describe the
components of the Five
Themes of Geography by
taking guided notes and
completing select partner
activities.
What is Geography?
*Geography is the study of land,
cultures, interactions and movement of
people on Earth.
OR
*Anything that can be mapped!
*Geography mixes up the physical
and human aspects of our world
into one field of study.
*Geography shows the
relationship between people and
the environment.
How we study geography?
Human Geography
• Human Geography is
anything human/man
made. It includes
population, culture,
infrastructure,
technology, development,
etc.
Physical Geography
• Physical Geography
relates to things found in
nature such as: natural
resources, bodies of water,
climate, or landforms.
Draw This off to the side: include a
minimum of 3 examples each.
-Human Made Features
-Language
-Religion
-Political Systems
-Economic Activities
-Birthrates, death rates,
immigration, population
density, demography
-Physical Features
-Weather and Climate
-Soil
-Minerals
-Vegetation
-Animal Life
-Erosion
What is a geographer?
• Someone who
analyzes the
Earth from many
points of view.
The Five Themes of Geography
• There are five ways to look at the earth
• When geographers work, they are
guided by two basic questions:
1) Where are things located?
2) How does the human world and the
physical world interact?
To find these answers, geographers use
five themes to organize information
Things that geographers study:
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Demographics
Landforms
Culture
Government
Economies
Environmental Interactions
How the Earth and its people affect each other.
CONNECTIONS!
The Five Themes:
1) Location – Geographers begin to study a place
by finding where it is, or its location.
2) Place – Geographers study the physical and
human features of a location.
3) Human-Environment Interaction –
Geographers study how people affect or shape
physical characteristics of their natural
surroundings and how does their surroundings
(environment) affect them?
4) Movement – Helps explain how people,
goods, and ideas get from one place to
another.
5) Regions – Geographers compare the
climate, land, population, or history of
one place to another.
Location
• There are two ways to think about
location:
1. absolute location – describes the
place’s exact position on the Earth.
2. relative location – explains where a
place is by describing places near it.
Absolute Location: Big Ben, UK
Relative Location: Big Ben, UK
Across the river
from the London
Eye.
Location
• Write down the absolute location of your home.
• Write three sentences describing your homes relative
location in reference to MCHS.
Practice: 5 Steps
North South East West
Blocks, Meters
Place
PA vs TX
• This includes a location’s physical and
human features.
– To describe physical features, you might say
that the climate is hot or cold or that the land
is hilly.
– To describe human features, you might
discuss how many people live there, what
types of work they do, or what they do for
fun.
Describe this place below: Use your notes from the
previous slide to help you. You need two physical
characteristics and two human characteristics.
Do-First: 3 Minutes
Logistics
• Your World Geography
Contract is due. If you did
not turn it in yesterday you
need to pass it up now.
• Get your text book out and
open it to the glossary page
R20.
Academic
• Take your notes out from
yesterday. Read through all of
your notes up until the slide
Human-Environment Interaction.
• Then on your notes, next to the
Human-Physical Geo Slide, write
down the definition of
Infrastructure from page R-20 on
your notes.
The World of Geography
The Five Themes
Objective: SWBAT
-Describe the
components of the Five
Themes of Geography by
taking guided notes and
completing select partner
activities.
Human-Environment Interaction
• How do people adjust to and change their
environment? How does the environment
adjust to and change the people?
• Geographers also use interaction to study
the consequences of people’s actions.
Example 1 HE Interaction: Peru
• I am a native Peruvian living at Machu
Picchu below. The population of my city is
50,000. How do I farm here to feed
everyone?
Answer: Terraced Farming!
Example 2 HE Interaction:
Vietnam
• I am a rice farmer living along the Mekong
River that floods annually. How do I
prevent my house flooding every year?
Answer: Build your House on
Stilts!
IQP #1: Humans can adapt to challenges caused by the
physical environment.
Movement
• Explains how people, goods, and ideas
move from one place to another.
• Helps geographers understand cultural
changes.
Earth 300 Million Years Ago.
Use the theme
of movement
to help answer
this question.
Movement and HE Interaction
Regions
• A region has a unifying characteristic, like
– climate
– land
– population
– History
– Religion
– Language
IQP#2: Most regions
are generally defined by
these three factors.
• On maps, geographers use color and
shape or special symbols to show regions.
HINT: Which
option unifies the
area outlined in
white.
On your own.
• Answer the practice questions in the back
of your packet on your own.
• Volume level 1….look to your left.
• If you finish the questions early, open your
textbook to page 5. Read pages 5-9.
Do-First: 5 minutes silent
Academic
• Answer the multiple
choice questions on
the first two slides of
your notes
individually.
• Take out colored pencils
if you have them.
Objective
• SWBAT
– Describe the different
types of maps and map
projections by taking
guided notes and select
mapping activities.
Do-First Wednesday: Answer
the following
• Next Slide
• STOP
IQP #3: Maps help geographers determine relationships between
people and places.
The Geographer’s Tools
• Globes and Maps:
– As people explored the Earth, they
collected information about it.
– Mapmakers wanted to present this
information correctly.
– The best way was to put it on a globe, a
roundDistribution
ball that
represented the Earth.
Temperature
Map
– Because globes are
not practical or easy
to carry, flat maps
were invented.
– However, the Earth is
round and a map is
flat.
– Mapmakers had to
find ways to make
maps accurate.
Globes and Maps
• The most accurate way to present
information on the islands, continents, and
bodies of water of the world is to put it all
on a globe, a round ball like the Earth
itself.
• The only difference between a globe and
the Earth itself is the scale, or size,
represented on the globe.
• Globes have a disadvantage: They cannot
be complete enough to be useful and at
the same time be small enough to be
convenient.
• Therefore, people invented flat maps.
• Maps try to show the Earth, which is
round, on a flat surface.
• This causes distortion, or a change in
accuracy of the shapes and distances of
places.
• It is impossible to show the Earth on a flat
surface without some distortion.
Getting It All On the Map: Projections
The World: Mercator Projection
• In 1569, a geographer
named Gerardus Mercator
created a flat map to help
sailors navigate long
journeys across the globe.
• The Mercator projection, or
method of putting a map of
the Earth onto a flat piece of
paper, is used by nearly all
deep-sea navigators.
• The Mercator projection is a
conformal map, meaning
that it shows correct
shapes, but not true
distances or sizes.
• There are many types of
other projections of the
globe.
The World: Three Projections
Interrupted Projection
IQP #4: The
problem with all
map projections is
that they distort
some part of the
world!
Robinson Projection
There are many ways to show a globe
on a flat map. The interrupted
projection map, on the left, shows
real sizes and shapes of continents.
The Robinson Projection, below left,
shows size accurately. The Mercator
projection, below, shows land and
oceans areas and correct directions
accurately
Mercator Projection
The World: A Robinson IQP#5: The
Robinson Projection
is the most common
Projection
ARCTIC OCEAN
type of map
projection you will
see.
Southern Ocean
The Parts of a Map
Compass Rose
• A compass rose is a model of a compass. It tells
the cardinal directions, which are north, south,
east, and west.
Scale
• The scale on a map tells you the relative
distance on the map to the real world. For
example, a map’s scale may tell you that one
inch on the map equals one mile in the real
world.
The Parts of a Map
Key
• The key, or legend, on a map explains what
the symbols on a map represent, such as
triangles representing trees.
Grids
• Some maps use a grid of parallels and
meridians. On a map of a small area, letters
and numbers are often used to help you find
your location.
Most Common Types of Maps
• Political
• Physical
• Thematic
Political Maps
Purpose
-show governmental
boundaries of countries,
states and counties, and
the location of major
cities.
-They usually include
significant bodies of
water.
Physical Maps
Purpose
-Physical maps show
the location of
landforms like deserts,
mountains, plains, and
other physical features.
-These landforms are
not included on
political maps.
Thematic Maps
Purpose
-To emphasize a particular
theme or special topic such as
the average amount of rainfall
in an area, population density,
resources etc.
-Thematic maps may have
political borders and physical
features.
What type of map
is it? WHY? What
does is show?
What type of map is
it? WHY? What
does it show?
What type of
map is it? WHY?
What does it
show?
What type of map is
it? WHY? What does
is show?
What type of map is it?
WHY? What does it
show?
World Map-
Textbook Atlas Page 6 and 17
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uBcq1x7P34
Directions
•
next page. Label and Shade •
the 7 continents and 5
•
oceans.
•
•
• Also locate and label the
•
following:
•
– Equator, Prime Meridian,
Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of •
• On the world map on the
Capricorn
Oceans: Shades of Blue
N. America: Dark Green
S. America: Pink
Antarctica: Just Label
Europe: Pink
Australia: Orange
Asia: Brown
Africa: Light Green
• Equator and Prime Meridian:
Bolded Red
•
•
•
•
•
•
Color Scheme •
•
•
Oceans: Shades of Blue
N. America: Dark Green
S. America: Pink
Antarctica: Just Label
Europe: Pink
Australia: Orange
Asia: Brown
Africa: Light Green
• Equator and Prime Meridian:
•
OwlTeacher.com
Bolded Red
Tropic Lines Bolded Yellow
SEVEN CONTINENTS SONG
-The world is enormous, there are 7 continents.
-The world is enormous, North and South
America.
-The world is enormous, Europe, Asia, Africa.
Australia not one two times (Continent and
Country!)
Antarctica sing it again (repeat)
Sing to the Tune of Gwen Stefani
Do-First: 5 Minutes.
Logistics
Academic
• You need one colored pencil.
• Use latitude and longitude to
• Use the world map on the first
slide to identify the numbered
continent/ocean.
• Write that continent or ocean
into the correct box on the
second slide.
identify major lines and locations
on the global grid.
Do-First
• Test yourself…in the side margin of your notes number 1-12 and
identify the worlds oceans and continents.
Introduction to the Global Grid
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swKBi6hHHMA
• During the video define the following terms while including cardinal
directions.
Latitude
Longitude
Importance
• Geographers have
created two sets of
imaginary lines to make
it possible to identify
every location precisely
on Earth’s surface!
• These lines, Latitude
and Longitude form
what we call “The
Global Grid”
Latitudes
(The Belts of Earth)
• Imaginary HOROZONTAL lines that run parallel
across the Earth.
• Referred to as Parallels
• Lines of Latitude run east to west but measure how
far North or South a location is from the Equator.
• The Unit of Measurement is always the cardinal
directions North or South.
Equator
IQP #6: The equator is always the
starting point for determining
latitude North and South!
Equator
BOLD THESE LINES
Major Lines of Latitude
NORTH
Arctic Circle 66.5 North
Tropic of CaNcer 23.5 North
Equator 0 North/South
Tropic of Capricorn 23.5 South
Antarctic Circle 66.5 South
SOUTH
SHADE THIS AREA
The Tropics
Between Tropic of Cancer and
Tropic of Capricorn is referred to as
the Tropics or the Low Latitudes
This area is very hot year round
Mid Latitude/Temperate Zone
SHADE THIS AREA
The area between the tropics and
the arctic circles is referred to as
the Temperate Zone or the Mid
Latitudes
This area will be mild and have
four seasons
Arctic/Antarctic Circles
SHADE THIS AREA
The areas above and below the
Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle are
referred to as the High Latitudes.
These areas will be cold year round
and are the location of the Earth’s
North and South Poles and the
Earth’s ice caps
Equator and the Hemispheres
The Equator also divides the world in
half. We refer to these halves as
hemispheres ( half circles)
The equator separates the world into
the Northern Hemisphere and the
Southern Hemisphere.
Equator and the Hemispheres
In which hemisphere is the majority of the worlds land mass located?
Northern Hemisphere
______________________________________
Longitudes
(The Telephone Poles of the Earth)
• Imaginary VERTICLE lines that run up and down
the Earth.
• Referred to as Meridians
• Lines of Longitude run North to South but measure
how far East or West a location is from the
Meridian.
Prime
• The Unit of Measurement is always the cardinal
directions East and West
Prime Meridian
IQP #7: The Prime Meridian is
always the starting point for
determining Longitude East and
West!
Major Lines of Longitude
Prime Meridian 0 East West
The International Date Line
180 East West
The International Date Line
Monday
__________
Sunday
____________
An imaginary line at 180
degrees East or West of the
Prime Meridian on the
Earth's surface that is
internationally agreed upon
as the place where each
new calendar day begins.
This line also gives us our
time zones!
Prime Meridian and the
Hemispheres
The Prime Meridian divides the
world into two different halves
than the Equator (North South)
The Prime Meridian divides the
world into the Eastern and
Western Hemispheres.
Prime Meridian and the
Hemispheres
Referencing the Prime Meridian, in which hemisphere is the United States
located?
Western Hemisphere
___________________________
This is why on
the news the
United States
often gets
referred to as the
west!
How Latitude and Longitude Form
the Global Grid
The Global Grid of Latitude and Longitude
lines essentially forms a giant coordinate
plane on Earth.
We use this plane to determine specific
locations on our planet.
Each location has a set of Coordinates.
These coordinates are found by finding a
locations numerical latitude and cardinal
direction first followed by a locations
numerical longitude and cardinal direction
second.
Latitude N/S , Longitude E/W
Part 1: Finding Coordinates
Always start with finding Latitude using the Equator as a reference point. Then count
degrees North or South away from the Equator. Point A is 30 Degrees South of the
Equator. This is written like this
(30 South,_______)
A
Part 2: Finding Coordinates
We have point A latitude at 30 South. Next we need to determine longitude by using the
Prime Meridian as a reference point. Then count degrees east or west. Point A is 60
West of the Prime Meridian. This is written like this
(30 South, 60 West)
A
Part 3: Finding Coordinates
Always Written as Follows
(LATITUDE DIRECTION, LONGITUDE DIRECTION)
Example: Houston, Texas (29 N, 95 W)
Work Time
• Use the map provided to
•
answer the 5 questions
below.
With a partner open one
textbook to page A4/A5.
• Use the coordinates
provided to located each
of the major cities.
• Skip city 4, 10 and 15.
• When finished located the
cities, raise your hand
and I will give you a key.
• Then you need to read
the article on the
international date line.