Transcript File
Lesson 2 Mapping the World + + Homework Review Questions Terms, Definitions, Explanations and Visuals 1)Write the definition and an example sentence of: cartography, projection, hemisphere, latitude, longitude 2)Make a diagram/chart/visual of how technology has changed mapmaking Main Ideas (3-5 sentences) 1)What are the 3 different types of maps we have studied? What features do they show? Critical Thinking (5-7 sentences) 1)Why are maps important to historians? 2)Why might it be useful to show major landforms on a political map? + Element (n.) Words to Know Method (n.) Def: regular way of doing something Ex: One method for student success is taking great notes Imaginary (n.) Ex: The world is divided by an imaginary line called the equator Def: basic part of something Ex: One element usually seen on students is a school bag. Accurate (n.) Def: not real; existing only in the mind Ex: Sometimes inaccurate information can still be useful. Def: free from mistakes; exactly right + History of Mapmaking Cartography: the skills and methods used to make maps Projection: a way of keeping distortion of a flat map consistent and manageable ALL MAPS contain some DISTORTION either of distance, direction, scale, or area Mercator Projection: continents distorted farther away from equator; BUT excellent reference for direction Homolosine Projection: correctly shows shapes and sizes of landmasses; BUT distances are inaccurate Robinson Projection: relative sizes of continents and oceans are almost accurate; BUT regions near poles appear flattened + Features of Maps Hemispheres Earth divided into 2 equal halves Equator: imaginary line (runs East/West) that divides world into North/South hemispheres Prime Meridian: imaginary line (runs North/South through Greenwich, England) that divides world into East/West hemispheres Latitude & Longitude Latitude: imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator (run East/West) Longitude: imaginary lines that go around the Earth through the north and south poles Used to identify coordinates in the northern and southern hemispheres Used to identify coordinates in the eastern and western hemispheres Grid: used to find absolute location; point where latitude and longitude meet Shanghai = 31°N, 121°E + 3 Types of Maps Physical Maps Show: landforms and bodies of water; shapes of regions Have: color and shading sometimes showing elevation + 3 Types of Maps Political Maps Show: political divisions Ex: countries, provinces, cities, borders + 3 Types of Maps Thematic Maps Focus on specific types of information Ex: religion, battles, animals, plants, resources, climates, population + Map Projections Mercator (1569) Positives: all straight lines, easy to use for navigation Negatives: the further you get from the equator, the more warped the sizes become (to infinity… and beyond!) Exhibit 1: Greenland vs. Africa + Controversial/Unusual maps… Gall-Peters (1855-1986) South-Up Positives: … Negatives: just reverses the problem of Mercator… equatorial areas are HUGE, polar regions are tiny, it’s only accurate at the 45th parallel Positives: hey, why not, right?... Direction is relative Negatives: not what we’re used to seeing + Goode Homolosine (1923) Positives: all sizes are accurate Negatives: good luck using it to navigate… (distances distorted… oceans cut in half) Winkel Tripel Positives: minimizes all three types of distortion (area, direction, distance) Negatives: