Transcript US & Canada EUC2

Migration!
The movement of people
within a country or region.
For example, moving
from Miami, Florida to
Houston, Texas
PUSH Factors
Act-it-out
PULL Factors
Act-it-out
Why do people migrate
within a country?
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PUSH FACTORS
Economic Recession
Economic Depression
Disasters
Crime
High Cost of Living
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PULL FACTORS
Family
Economic Opportunity
Better Education
Safety
Low Cost of Living
Economic Push Factors
• Recession – a period of decline in
business activity.
• Depression – a long period of
decline in business activity with
rising levels of unemployment.
Urbanization
Act-it-out
Urbanization
The dramatic rise in the number of
cities and the changes in lifestyle
that result (movement of people
from rural areas to urban areas)
Why Did Urbanization
Occur?
• The Industrial Revolution transformed the United
States from a rural, agricultural nation to an
urban, industrial nation.
• When big factories and lots of jobs became
available in the city, many citizens migrated from
rural areas to urban centers.
Urban to
Suburban Migration
Act-it-out
Urban to Suburban Migration
(Suburbanization)
• What are the suburbs?
–A political unit or community
connected economically with,
and surrounding, the central
city
–Example: Jersey Village, Sugarland,
and Tomball are suburbs of Houston.
Urban to Suburban Migration
Beginning in the 1940’s large
numbers of people began
migrating from cities to
surrounding suburbs.
What pull and push factors
could be responsible for this
migration?
Technology affects Migration
Irrigation
A/C
• The invention of air conditioning in 1902
and the widespread use of irrigation
opened up many hot and dry regions of
the U.S. for increased migration and
settlement.
Henry Ford and the Model T in 1921
Technology affects Migration
• The invention of automobile mass
production by Henry Ford made the
U.S. and Canada more mobile. People
could now live further away from work
and began to move to the suburbs.
• Increased mobility led to Urban Sprawl
–Poorly planned development that
spreads a city’s population over a
wider and wider geographic area
What is missing in this image of
Houston?
Urban Sprawl
What’s the Problem?
• Cheap gas encourages Urban Sprawl
• Many cities allow unrestricted growth
which causes Urban Sprawl
• Has negative impacts on infrastructure
• Creates a separation of rich and poor
• Increases air and water pollution
• Must build more roads and other utilities
How does this aid Urban Sprawl?
What is missing in this image of
Houston?
Urban Sprawl
Can be solved through
Smart Growth!
Limit Growth
of city through
boundaries.
Urban Renewal
Restoring downtown
neighborhoods.
Sustainable
Communities,
where people
can live and work.
Urban to
Rural Migration
Act-it-out
The newest migration pattern is…
Urban to Rural
Migration
Technology (like the internet)
allows people to work from
home.
– This allows people to live
anywhere they want.
People can now
have a home office
Regional Differences
Political Differences
Act-it-out
Political Differences
• Political Ideas – some people move based on
political views.
• Example – the NE is more liberal (Democrats),
the south is more conservative (Republicans).
Tax Differences
Act-it-out
Tax Differences
• Taxes – Some states pay both the
federal income tax and a state
income tax while others do not.
• Example – Texas has no state
income tax, while New York City
has a 10.5% combined State and
Local income tax rate
Texas
0% Tax
up to
0% Tax
10.5%
Tax
New
York
Climate Differences
Act-it-out
Climate Differences
• Climate – Retiring citizens often move to Southern
states for a warmer climate
• Example – Moving from New York to Florida.
Chicago Winter
Miami Winter
Economic (JOB)
Differences
Act-it-out
Economic Differences
Jobs – People will
move where the best
jobs are found
Example: People
moving from Detroit,
Michigan to Houston,
Tx in search of jobs
Economic Differences
Cities in the Northeast (like Detroit) are losing
jobs. While cities in the South (like Houston)
are gaining jobs.
Moving away from Detroit...Moving to Houston
Detroit’s Economy
Houston’s Economy
Unemployment = 29%
Unemployment = 3.8%
Household Income = $29,109
Household Income = $40,285
Pop. Change (since 2000) -11.9%
Pop. Change (since 2000) +19%
Rust Belt vs.
(Northeast)
Old Industries
Sun Belt
(South)
New Industries
So how do Regional
Differences impact migration?
Northeast
& Midwest
South
South
People are moving
from the Northeast &
Midwest to the South
Detroit Population Changes over time
• Detroit Population Change Website!
• Current population (2008) is only
912,062
• Detroit Video