Transcript Interconnection – South Asian Region

Presentation on Over view of Indian
Transmission Grid
TOPICS
» Generation, Transmission and Distribution utilities
» Indian Power Scenario
» Long Range Transmission Plans (Development of National Grid)
» Load Dispatch Centers
•
•
Indian Power Sector – Generation, Transmission
and Distribution Utilities
Electricity is a concurrent subject, i.e Development and Management of
this sector by both Central and state Governments
Central Sector
 Generating utilities- NTPC, NHPC, NLC, NEEPCO, THDC , NPCIL & NJPC
 Transmission Utility – POWERGRID, wheels power of Central generating utilities and
inter state Mega IPPS
•
State sector
•
Mostly Vertically integrated. i.e Responsible for Generation, Transmission and
Distribution of power within the state
•
Reform process are underway and many SEB’s have been divided into three
different corporations viz., GENCO, TRANSCO and DISCO
•
There are few private distribution agencies as bulk licensee namely
CESC, BSES, Tata Power, AECO etc.
•
Three levels for Grid management system adopted, namely, National (
to be evolved) Regional and state•
Implementation and Operation of National and Regional LD&C and their
modernization are the responsibility of the Central Transmission Utility (CTU) I.e
POWERGRID
•
State LD&C is under the State transmission Utility(STU)
Power Scenario – at a Glance
• Indian Power System is being operated as five Electrical regions
– Northern, Southern, Western, Eastern and North=Eastern Region.
• Installed capacity
- 1,08,000 MW
Coal – 71%
Hydro – 25%
Nuclear & others – 4%
• Peak demand
Peak power
- 81,555 MW
Energy (average)
- 1430 MU/day
• Availability
Peak power
- 71,260 MW
Energy (average)
- 1325 MU/day
• Shortage
Peak power
- 10,300 MW (12.6%)
Energy
- 107 MU/day (7.5%)
Inter Regional Links - Existing
• All the five regions are inter connected through inter regional
links.
• Inter Regional links
–
–
–
–
ER and SR: 500 MW HVDC back to back at Gazuwaka
NR and WR : 500 MW HVDC back to back at Vindhyachal
WR and SR : 1000 MW HVDc back to back at Chandrapur.
ER and NR : 500 MW HVDC back to back at Sasaram( to be commissioned
shortly)
– ER and WR : Rourkela – Raipur 400 kV Ac link ( to be commissioned shortly)
– ER and NER : Malda- Bongaigaon Synchronous link
• Cumulative Inter Regional Power transfer Capacity– 4850 MW
Indian Transmission System – Present
State
HVDC
Figs. are in ckt. km
Central
Total
(POWERGRID)
1,504
1,632
3,136
800 KV
400
550
950
400 kV
13,000
32,500
45,500
2,06,000
9000
2,15,000
220/132 kV
POWERGRID - THE TRANSMISSION ORGANIZATION
• Incorporated in 1989 and started operation on management
basis w.e.f. August, 1991
• Notified as Central Transmission Utility (CTU) in December
1998 to discharge following functions
 Undertake Inter-state Transmission of energy
 Planning and co-ordination
 Exercise Supervision and Control of Inter-state Transmission
including operation of RLDCs
 Direction, control & supervision of the functions (construction
maintenance & operation) of Transmission Licensees
GROWTH PROFILE
1992-93
Physical
• No. of S/s
• MVA capacity
• Circuit kms
• Inter-regional
transfer capacity(MW)
• Export of Surplus
Power from ER (MUs)
Financial (Rs crs.)
• Net profit
• Turnover
39
13,200
23,000
500
2001-02
(Provisional)
68
34,288
45,545
4,700
Growth (%)
74
160
76
840
0
8,700
-
236
634
760
2,860
222
351
PERFORMANCE OF POWERGRID
• Operating world’s largest transmission network and maintaining
availability of more than 98%.
• About 40% of the total power generated in the country wheeled
through its network
• Rated “EXCELLENT” under MOU with MOP since 1993-94
• Only PSU in the power sector to receive “The Prime Minister’s MOU
Award” for four consecutive years i.e., for the years 1997-98 to 200001
• Honoured with Prime Minister’s Shramvir Award
Demand - Supply Scenario – by 2012
• Projected Peak Demand
- 157,000 MW
• Capacity addition envisaged –
 In 10th Plan
 In 11th Plan
- 45,000 MW
- 55,000 MW
(Approx. 10000 MW Capacity Addition per Year)
• Major Resources for Capacity Addition
 Hydro potential in J&K, HP & NER
 Coal potential in Bihar, Orissa
• Major Load Center –
 Bulk power need to be transferred from ER/NER to other
deficit regions
Long Range Transmission Plan
•
Uneven disposition of energy resources
 Major Hydro resources in NER & NR
 Coal reserves mostly in Bihar/Orissa/West Bengal
 Cost of power transmission (1.11 cents/kwh) lower than cost of fuel
transportation (3.33 cents/kwh).
•
Some Regions are no longer Self-sufficient
 Major resources in SR exhausted
 In NR, mainly hydro resources having long gestation period
•
Unbalanced Growth of different Regions
 Some regions are surplus and some are deficit.
•
Optimisation of generation capacity addition
 Utilising time diversity
 Spinning reserve optimisation
MAJOR ENERGY RESOURCES IN INDIA
* Hydro Potential : 1,10,000
> 25,000MW already installed
> 19,000MW under implementation
> 66,000MW still to be exploited
Jammu
23,000MW
* 90% coal reserves in ER & WR
Ludhiana
SIKKIM
1,700MW
NEPAL
BHUTAN
Partabpur
Guwahati
Lucknow
Patna
Pipavav
Bhopal
WR
BANGLA
DESH
AN
ER
Vindhyachal
Gandhinagar
Indore
NER
CHICKEN
NECK
Kolkata
Korba
AR
RAPP Jaipur
MM
Delhi
MY
NR
53,000MW
Talcher/Ib Valley
Raipur
Bhubaneswar
Tarapur
Mumbai
Hyderabad
Vizag
Simhadri
SR
Bangalore
Kayamkulam
Thiruvananthapuram
Generation
Coal
Krishnapatnam
Kaiga
Kozhikode
Mangalore
LEGEND
Ennore
South Madras
Chennai
Hydro
Cuddalore
Lignite
Coastal
Kudankulam
COLOMBO
Nuclear
SRI LANKA
Load-Centre
Development of National Grid
Major Considerations
• Development in a phased manner – commensurate with generation/ load
growth
• Conservation of Right-of-Way - especially in areas with scarcity of ROW --- viz. area near hydro, chicken-neck area, forest area, town etc.
• Minimisation of transmission cost - immediate as well as long-term basis.
• Flexible enough to accommodate change in load-generation pattern.
•
Development of National Grid –
Technological options
400kV AC
– Expertise available.
– Transfer capacity can be increased by –
 Application of latest technology viz FACTS --- also
improves voltage regulation
 Increasing maximum conductor temperature from 75°C to 95°C --- increases
thermal capacity by 1.5 times.
 Application of more number of conductors in a phase.
• 765kV AC
– Can carry power of the order of 2500 MW -- 4 to 5 times of
400kV
– Relatively less T&D loss
– Effectively less Right-of-Way required.
•Limitations:
– Less world-wide market
– Reactive power management difficult.
Development of National Grid –
Technological options
• HVDC
– HVDC bipole suitable for point-to-point long distance bulk power
transmission.
– So far HVDC bipole upto 3000 MW has been established.
– Provide better flexibility/ controllability in the system.
Limitations:
 Economical only for long distance (1000 km or more)
 No tapping feasible in-between (multi-terminal HVDC is a solution -- due to high cost, justified only in specific cases)
On techno-economic reasons, Hybrid System (combination of
HVDC & 765/400kV AC lines)
has been adopted for development of National Grid.
Plan for National Grid
PHASE-I
• Interconnection of Regional Grids through HVDC
Back-to-Back links - To take care of widely varied
operational parameters
Under Operation
 North – West: 500MW Vindhyachal Back-to-Back
 West – South: 1000MW Chandrapur Back-to-Back
 East – South: 500MW Gazuwaka Back-to-Back
Under Construction
 East – North: 500MW Sasaram Back-to-Back
• Link between ER and NR is the last link of phase-I to
be completed by Oct., 2002.
• With Completion of Phase-I, Cumulative Inter regional
Capacity would be 4850 MW
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID
PHASE-I
(By 2002)
NR
NER
AURAIYA
MALANPUR
500
MW
500
MW
SAHUPURI
SASARAM
DEHRI
VINDHYACHAL
KORBA
BONGAIGAON
BIRPARA
MALDA
ER
BUDHIPADAR
CHANDRAPUR
WR
1000
MW
BALIMELA
500
MW
KOLHAPUR
U.SILERU
GAZUWAKA
EXISTING
BELGAUM
UNDER
CONST.
EXISTING
400 kV
220 kV
N
ANDAMA
R
NICOBA
&
P
EE
DW
HA
KS
LA
SR
Plan for National Grid
PHASE-II (By 2007):
•
High capacity “Transmission highways” envisaged along with major generation
projects
 Highways already constructed
•
Kishenpur - Moga 765 kV 2xS/c in J&K
•
Kathalguri – Malda 400kV D/c in NER
•
Hybrid HVAC and HVDC interconnection planned
•
Implementation already commenced

2000 MW HVDC bipole between Talcher-Kolar bet. ER & SR

400kV AC link between Rourkela and Raipur bet. ER & WR
•
High capacity 400 kV link from Tala to Delhi bet. ER & NR

2nd Gazuwaka HVDC back-to-back by 500MW bet ER & SR
•
About 5000 ckt. km of 765 kV lines planned alongwith upcoming Mega projects in
ER
•
With the completion of Phase-II, the inter-regional capacity would be 23,000 MW
INTER- REGIONAL LINKS
(Existing/New Approved Scheme)
Sahupuri
Allahabad
500MW
WV
220k
V
Dehri
Bongaigao
n
400k
V
Singrauli
500MW
220kV
Vindhyacha
l
Western
Kolhapur
Northeastern
Malda
Eastern
Malanpur
Salakati
Sasaram
Northern
Auraiya
220k
V
Birpara
Korba
Raipur
Chandrapu
r
220kV
WV
Legend
Budhipadar
Existing Link
Rourkela
400kV
Jeypore
Talcher
Balimel
a
HVDC back-toback link
500MW
220kV
Belgaum
1000MW
WV
Ramagunda
m
HVDC bipole
500MW
Southern
Gazuwak
a
2000M
W
Kolar
220kV
Upper
Sileru
Plan for National Grid
PHASE-III (By 2012) :
 Strengthening of inter-regional link to have a ring of
765kV lines inter-connecting Northern, Western and
Eastern Regions
 ER inter-connection with SR to be strengthened through
HVDC lines (asynchronous link)
 Completion of Phase-III would lead to cumulative
capacity of inter-regional link to 30,000 MW
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID
URI
WAGOORA
DULHASTI
RAVI SATLUJ
KISHENPUR
JULLANDHAR
TEHRI
MOGA
BALLABGARH
(DELHI RING)
CHICKEN NECK
A'PUR
BHUTAN
MEERUT
HISSAR
M'BAD
NR JAIPUR
BHIWADI
ALLAHABAD
/UNNAO
MALANPUR
SINGRAULI
250
ZERDA
LIMBDI
JETPUR
DEHGAM
0M
W
SATNA
NAGDA
BINA
GANDHAR/
SEONI
AMRELI KAWAS
CHEGAON
VAPI
BHANDARA
SIPAT
ROURKELA
KORBA
KATHALGURI
MARIANI
BADARPUR
TIPAIMUKH
NER
DESH
ER
RAIPUR
HIRMA
WRPARLI
LONIKAND
KOYNA
DIHANG DAMWE
MISA
SILIGURI/BIRPARA
BARH
500MW
KAHALGAON
B'SHARIF
VINDHYAMAITHON
CHAL
NORTH
KARANPURA JAMSHEDPUR BANGLA
WARDA
CHANDRAPUR
1000MW
PADGHEAMRAVATI
DHABOL
RANGANADI
M'PUR
PURNEA
VARANASI
TARAPUR AKOLA
PIPAVAV
BOISAR
TALA
BONGAIGAON
G'PUR
AGRA
SHIROHI
TEESTA
BEARILLY
LUCKNOW
TALCHER
JEYPORE
KARAD
RAMAGUNDAM
SR
KOLHAPUR
20
00
M
W
GAZUWAKA
M
W
VIJAYAWADA
PONDA
20
00
NARENDRA
SIRSI
KAIGA
KRISHNAPATNAM
CHITTOOR
MYSORE
BANGALORE
HOSUR
KOZHIKODE
D
HA
KS
LA
COCHIN
SOUTH CHENNAI
SINGARPET
PUGALUR
CUDDALORE
SALEM
KARAIKUDI
KAYAMKULAM
EP
WE
TRIVANDRUM
LEGEND
X PLAN
EXISTING/
IX PLAN
KAYATHAR
KUDANKULAM
765 KV LINES
400 KV LINES
HVDC B/B
HVDC BIPOLE
765 KV LINES IN X PLAN. TO BE CHARGED AT 400KV INITIALLY
TO BE CHARGED AT 765 KV UNDER NATIONAL GRID
NATIONAL
GRID
XI PLAN
Growth of Cumulative capacity of Inter-regional links
Cumulative Capacity (MW)
35000
30000
30000
23000
25000
20000
15000
10000
4850
5000
0
Plan
By 2002
By 2006-07
By 2011- 12
Unified Load Despatch & Communication
• For efficient, secured and reliable operation of the grid and
inter-regional power exchange, POWERGRID has planned for
Unified Load Despatch schemes in all five Regional Grids
Northern Region : In operation
Southern Region : In operation
North-eastern Region: Under implementation - completion by June, 2003
Eastern Region: Under implementation - completion by Sept, 2003
Western Region: NIT to be issued – completion by January, 2005
•
Estimated Cost of above projects : US $ 470 million (Rs. 2170 Cr).
• National Load Despatch Schemeinter-connecting all the five ULDCs has
also been planned
Feasibility Report is under preparation
Expected completion schedule – by 2007
Estimated Cost : US $ 54 million (Rs. 250Cr)
Hierarchical setup of Regional ULDC
NLDC
NATIONAL LOAD
DESPATCH
CENTRE
REGIONAL LOAD
DESPATCH
CENTRE
STATE LOAD
DESPATCH
CENTRE
AREA LOAD
DESPATCH
CENTRE
REMOTE TERMINAL
UNIT
(AT SUB-STATIONS &
GENERATING STNS
NRLDC
WRLDC
ERLDC
SRLDC
NERLDC
SLDC
SLDC
SLDC
SLDC
SLDC
SUB LDC
SUB LDC
SUB LDC
SUB LDC
SUB LDC
RTU
RTU
RTU
RTU
RTU
DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH ASIAN GRID
South Asian Countries – Common Features
• Abundant reserves of Natural resources
• Low per capita electricity consumption
• Deficit of Power & Fast Growth in Demand
• Common frequency of operation
• Similar voltage class
South Asian Countries – Energy Resources
• India – Dominated by Coal
• Bangladesh – Dominated by natural gas
• Bhutan – High dependence on hydro
• Nepal – High dependence on hydro
• Pakistan – Largely petroleum and natural gas
• Sri Lanka – Dependence on petroleum
Exploitation of Resources - Options
• In order to capture benefits of resource sharing as
experienced all over the world, Countries in South
Asian Region should also move forward and explore
feasibility of interconnections with each other.
• Large scale trading of coal and natural gas is limited
due to constraints in its handling & transportation
• Hydel energy can be traded thru tr. network only
• Transmission of power is the only feasible solution
for bulk exchange of energy
Why South Asian Grid ?
• Optimal Utilization of Natural Resources
• Opportunity of Energy Trading
• Economy of Scale
• Advantage of Peak diversity
• Minimization of Environmental Damages
Feasibility of Interconnection
• India is centrally placed sharing boundaries with
SAARC Countries.
• Vast Interconnected transmission network.
• Development of Strong National Grid on the
Anvil.
Indian Initiative towards South Asian Grid
• Current Status
 Limited Energy trade based on bilateral agreements
 Power exchanges under governmental control
• Ongoing Power Exchange
 India and Nepal
 Over 16 links at 132/33/11 kV
 About 50 MW of power being exchanged
 Net export to Nepal (about 10% of demand of Nepal met
through imports from India)
 Supply of free power from Tanakpur (India) to Nepal –
70MU/annum
Indian Initiative towards South Asian Grid
• Ongoing Power Exchange - India and Bhutan
 Interconnection established with Chukha HEP (4x84 MW) in
Bhutan, built with Indian technical and financial assistance
Chukha-Birpara 220kV 3 ckts.
 All surplus power from Chukha HEP (336MW) in Bhutan is
exported to India. Presently, this constitutes 75% to 80% (1400
MU/year) of total power generated.
 Earning to Bhutan - Rs. 140 crs. Annually
 Part of this power re-imported through Bongaigaon-Geylegphug
132kV S/c line to Bhutan to meet radial loads close to Indian
border.
 India getting cheap hydro power
 Kurichu HEP (4x15 MW) of Bhutan already connected to Indian
Grid through Kurichu – Geylegphug – Salakati 132 kV line
South Asian Grid
Future Propects
South Asian Grid - India and Nepal
• Nepal expected to be surplus in power by 2002
• 3 nos. 132kV lines under construction between India & Nepal
 Butwal(Nepal) – Anandnagar(India)
 Birgunj(Nepal) – Motihari(India)
 Dalkebar(Nepal) – Sitamarhi(India)
• Large potential projects being considered for development
and export of power to India
 West Seti HEP
 Arun HEP
 Pancheshwar HEP
750 MW
685 MW
6,500 MW
• EHV transmission links planned for evacuation of power to
India
 West Seti – Bareilly – Muradnagar 400 kV line
 Arun HEP – Muzaffarpur 400 kV line
 400/765kV lines from Pancheshwar HEP to India
South Asian Grid - India and Bhutan
• Interconnection being established at 400kV level
from Tala in Bhutan to Delhi in India for
evacuation of power from Tala HEP(6x170MW)
• More hydro projects to come up in Bhutan



Wangchu: 900MW
Bunakha : 180MW
Sankosh : 4060MW
• Power from these projects also to be imported by
India
South Asian Gird - India and Bangladesh
• East Zone of Bangladesh(generation dominated) shares
border with the Eastern Region of India
 Bangladesh can supply power to Eastern India
• West Zone of Bangladesh(load dominated) shares border
with the North-Eastern Region of India
 India can supply power to Western Bangladesh
• 2 nos. of 220kV links,one at each side, initially envisaged for
limited exchange of about 150 MW
 Krishnanagar(Eastern India)-Ishurdi(Western Bangladesh)
 Shahjibazar(Eastern Bangladesh)-Kumarghat(N-E India)
South Asian Gird - India and Bangladesh
• There are proposals to set up Gas projects by IPPs for
selling power to India
• Scheme evolved for importing 1000 - 1500 MW power
from Gas projects in Bangladesh
Establishment of a S/s at Krishna Nagar in West Bengal
through LILO of Farakka-Jeerat 400 kV D/c line
 Gen. station - Ishurdi (Bangladesh) 400 kV 2xD/c
 Ishurdi - Krishna Nagar (India) 400 kV 3 ckt.
 Krishna Nagar - Jamshedpur 400 kV D/c
 Jamshedpur - Rourkela 400 kV D/c
South Asian Grid – India and Pakistan
• Pakistan has surplus power of about 1500-2000 MW
• Discussions were held for exchange of power between
India and Pakistan
• To start with, 220kV interconnection was envisaged for
transfer of 300MW from Pakistan to India
 Dinanath – Firozpur 220kV line
• In the long term, HVDC interconnections was envisaged
for bulk power exchange (upto 2000MW)
South Asian Grid – India and Myanmar
• Govt. of Myanmar had proposed to develop Tamanthi
HEP (12x100MW) across the river Chindwin
• About 700 to 800 MW power from this project might be
transferred to India
• Myanmar shares boundary with North-Eastern Region
of India
• 400kV links proposed for evacuation of power into India
Tamanthi – Badarpur – Misa – Siliguri line
South Asian Grid – India and Sri Lanka
• Proposal for interconnection of Sri Lanka with Southern
Regional Grid of India under discussion
• Usage of HVDC bipole or HVDC back-to-back in
conjunction with AC lines suggested
Issue to be addressed
• Technical
 Planning of Interconnections
 Firming-up the power availability ie.
o Quantum of power available for exchange
o Periodicity of availability/Allocation of firm power
 Identification of Reliability criteria
 Detailed system studies need to be conducted by participating
countries, with following objectives
 Establishing the Feasibility of Interconnection
 Choice of Interconnection / Technology, considering –
o Right Of Way
o Cost
o Equipment Availability
o Reliability
Issue to be addressed
• Operation of Interconnection
 Establishment of Operation Code by the participating
countries
• Commercial arrangements
 Pricing of power
 Payment Security Mechanism
 Terms for Indemnification
Transmission service
for
disruption
of
 Sharing of International Experience for Bulk Power
Exchange
Issue to be addressed
• Legal arrangements
 Firming up of procedures for dispute settlement and
Arbitration
 Applicability of Laws
International Laws
of
Respective
countries/
• Institutional Arrangement
 Identification/ Creation of Common Agency to regulate,
Administer and Operationalize the Interconnection on
long term basis
 Establishment of Co-ordination Centres to Govern the
Operational matters on Daily and Short Term basis
Issue to be addressed
• Financial arrangements
 Following are possibilities of funding arrangement
Multilateral Funding
Private Investment
 In either case following aspects are to be considered:
Sale/ Purchase of Power on a sustained/ long term
basis
Security of Payment / Signing of Covenant
Immunity to Political Changes and changes in Law
Thank You
SAARC Grid as Envisaged