Transcript Cells! - SD43 Teacher Sites

Introduction to Living Things!
Summit 2015
Introduction IMAX video
Play Intro to Biomes
Play How Abiotic Factors
and biotic
Some questions to Ponder
 Why do organisms live where they do?
 How do they interact with one another and with
their environment?
 How do environments continuously supply energy,
food and water to living organisms?
 How do natural events, such as fires, affect the
environment?
 How do Human activities, such as building roads or
towns, affect the environment?
 How can people use the environment to meet their
needs without harming it?
Abiotic parts of the
environment
 To understand living things, you need to
learn about the abiotic parts of an
organism’s environment. Abiotic means
non-living. The abiotic parts of an
environment are the non-living things
such as temperature, light, air, water,
soil and climate. The abiotic parts of an
environment often determine which
organisms can live and survive in that
environment.
Salmon Example
 The life cycle of the Salmon is an
example of how abiotic parts of an
environment affect living things. The
salmon will not lay its eggs in a muddy
pond. Also if the silt is too high after a
Salmon lays their eggs, the eggs actually
will suffocate.
Examples of Abiotic Factors
that affect living things
 Temperature and Light:
 Temperature often determines where
organisms live.
 Sunlight provides warmth for many animals.
 Green plants need light to make food through
photosynthesis.
 The number of hours of daylight triggers
changes, such as the flowering of plants and
the migration of birds.
Examples of Abiotic Factors
that affect living things
 Air
 Air contains oxygen and gas, which we
breathe.
 Air also contains carbon dioxide gas, which
plants use to make their own food.
Examples of Abiotic Factors
that affect living things
 Water
 Plants combine water with carbon dioxide to
make food.
 Animals need water to digest food and move
food particles throughout their bodies
 Some organisms live in water
Examples of Abiotic Factors
that affect living things
 Soil
 Soil contains minerals as well as pieces of
organisms that were once living.
 Ie pieces of dead insects and roots from dead
plants are found in the soil
 Soil provides homes to many organisms such
as earthworms.
Examples of Abiotic Factors
that affect living things
 Climate
 Climate means average weather pattern of a
region over a long period of time.
 Northern Canada is known for cold, long harsh
winters and short, cool summers
 Climate affects where and how organisms
live
Biotic Parts of an
Environment
 Biotic means living. All living things
affect and interact with other living
things.
 Most organisms need to interact with other
members from the same species to
reproduce.
All living things need the
same basics to survive.
 1. Carbon dioxide or oxygen gas from air.
 Animals need oxygen gas because it helps them bread
down food for energy
 Plants need carbon dioxide gas because they use it
along with energy from the Sun to make their own
food
 2. Water
 Animals need water to dissolve their food and carry
oxygen and food throughout their bodies
 The bodies of both animals and plants are mostly
water, in fact, you can think of living things as sacs of
water, therefore water plays an important role in the
functions within organisms bodies.
All living things need the
same basics to survive.
 3. Food
 Animals need food for energy and to grow
and repair their tissues. Plants make their
own food.
 4. A suitable place to live
 Many organisms find shelter in the
environment. Others, like beavers and wasps,
build shelters using materials from their
environment.
But what makes
something living?
Cells are the basic unit of
life.
1. Living things are made
of cells.
 Some are unicellular
(live without any
other cells) (1 cell)
 Some are multicellular (1+ cells)
 Cells are the basic
unit of life
2. Living things exchange
gases!
 All animals use
Oxygen and change
it to Carbon Dioxide
(Respiration)
 All plants use Carbon
Dioxide and change it
to Oxygen
(Photosynthesis)
3. Living things use energy!
 All living things need
gas, water and food
to live.
 Food provides
nutrients like fats,
proteins and
carbohydrates.
 Use nutrients and
energy for growth,
repair and other
activities
Using Energy
 Animals are
heterotrophs (Eat
others for Energy)
 Plants are autotrophs
(Make their own
energy)
4. Living things grow!
 Growth can mean an
increase in the size of
cells
 Growth can also
mean the creation of
new cells (repairing
the body)
 Regeneration (ie
Starfish)
 Dropping body parts
5. Living things reproduce!
 Produce offspring
 Different ways
 Budding
 https://www.brainpop
.com/science/diversity
oflife/cnidarians/
 Live young
 Regeneration
 Eggs
 Seeds and spores
 https://www.brainpop
.com/science/cellularli
feandgenetics/asexual
reproduction/
6.Living things respond to
stimuli.
 Stimuli causes reactions
 React to touch, heat,
temperature and sound
 Movement does not
always mean a response
(leaf in the wind)
 Behaviour is directed
towards minimal injury,
acquiring food and
reproducing.
Interactions Between
Abiotic and Biotic Parts of
the Environment
 Ecology is the study of the interactions
among organisms, as well as the
interactions between organisms and their
environment.
 An ecologist is someone who observes
and studies these relationships.
Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Abiotic or Biotic?
Abiotic or Biotic?
Abiotic or Biotic?
Abiotic or Biotic?
Abiotic or Biotic?
Ecosystems
 An ecosystem is all the interacting
organisms that live in an environment, as
well as the abiotic parts of the
environment that affect the organisms.
 Organisms eat other organisms, defend
themselves, reproduce and compete for
food and space.
Ecosystems
 Abiotic parts also affect how organisms
interact. These abiotic parts might
include the amount of sunlight and rain
the pond receives, and the temperature
of the air above it.
Biomes
Regions that have about the same
temperature and amount of precipitation
(rain/snow/hail) are called biomes.
Biomes have a distinct climate, soil, plants
and animals.
Canada has 4 major biomes.
Tundra
 The tundra biome extends from the southward
part of the North Pole. There are very small
amounts of Biodiversity and this area is very
vulnerable to damage. A short summer and a
harsh, long winter doesn't allow many plants to
grow. This cold weather also affects the soil, as
most of the soil is frozen permanently and never
thaws. This is called permafrost. The active
layer is on top of the permafrost and it allows
plants to grow; hence its name. Permafrost
prevents large trees from growing as roots are
required to dig deep into the soil.
Boreal Forest
 This biome is just south of the tundra, and it covers 50%
of Canada's land. Like the tundra it has a long winter and
a short summer, but it has more precipitation because the
temperature changes rapidly from hot to cold. The climate
can't support many trees; that's why there are a lot of
coniferous trees (Pine Trees, etc.). Also, coniferous trees
last year-round due to the thick cuticle of transparent wax
around their needles. Ferns and mosses grow underneath
the shade of the conifers. This gives some shelter for
insects, as well as food. From there, the food cycle can be
sustained.
 Most of BC is considered to be a Boreal Forest.
Temperature Forest
 The temperate forest area has plenty of
deciduous trees (trees that have leaves that
drop during fall). It also has 4 well-defined
seasons, (summer, fall, winter, and spring) in
comparison to the tundra or boreal biomes.
There are a lot of flourishing species of animals,
and plants since the growing season is long.
The temperate forest has plenty of biodiversity.
 The coast of BC is considered to be temperate
forest.
Grassland
 The grassland biome covers mainly the
south of the prairie provinces. It has
plenty of rich soil, thus great for
agriculture. The precipitation in the area
is fairly low, and it does cause the
occasional drought. Animals such as
bison, cattle, deer and horses inhabit this
biome, as they have plenty of land to
graze on. There is a fair amount of
biodiversity, but due to droughts not too
many plants or animals can flourish
British Columbia
Ecosystems
 BC has more species of living things than
any other provinces in Canada.

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72%
60%
67%
79%
or Canada’s land mammals
of Canada’s plant species
of Canada’s fungus species
of Canada’s bird species
 Why does our lovely province have such
a variety of organisms?
 Because of our geography and climate
British Columbia
Ecosystems
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We have high mountains
Dry grasslands
Wet coastal forests
Vast plains
BC has 10 ecoprovinces which we explore
later.