Transcript Brief History of the Region

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Visayas
 one of the three principal geographical divisions of the
Philippines, along with Mindanao and Luzon.
 Its population is referred to as the Visayans.
 The major islands of the Visayas are Panay, Negros,
Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, and Samar.
 The region may also include the islands of Romblon
and Masbate, whose population identify as Visayan.
History of Visayas
 The early people in the Visayas region were
Austronesians and Negritos.
 migrated to the islands about 6,000 to 30,000 years
ago.
 In the 12th century, settlers from the collapsing
empires of Srivijaya, Majapahit and Brunei, led by the
chieftain Datu Puti and his tribes, settled in the island
of Panay and its surrounding islands.
History of Visayas
 By the 14th century, Arab traders and their followers,
venturing into the Malay Archipelago, converted some
of these tribal groups into Muslims.
 evidence of trade among other Asian people.
 The Visayans were thought to have kept close
diplomatic relations with Malaysia and Indonesian
kingdoms.
 Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived in
1521.
History of Visayas
 After the Magellan expedition, King Philip II of Spain sent
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Ruy López de Villalobos and Miguel López de Legazpi in
1543 and 1565 and claimed the islands for Spain.
The Visayas region and many tribes began converting to
Christianity and adopting western culture.
By the 18th and 19th centuries - revolutions such as those of
Francisco Dagohoy began to emerge.
During the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–
American War between 1896 to 1913, the island of Negros
and other neighboring islands initiated their revolution.
After gaining Philippine independence from colonial rule
following World War II in 1946, the Visayas region
established its community and re-formed its government.
Administrive Divisions of Visayas
 Administratively, the Visayas is
Figure 2. Color-coded map of
the Visayan Region
(blue) Central Visayas
(green) Eastern Visayas
(red) Western Visayas
divided into 3 regions, namely:
Western Visayas
Central Visayas
Eastern Visayas.
 Each region is headed by a
Regional Director .
 The Visayas is composed of 16
provinces, each headed by a
Governor.
 the Visayas is represented by 44
Congressmen elected in the same
manner as the governors.
Authentic Cuisine of Visayas
 Natives in the Visayas don’t pass their day without any
dish from the sea.
 Kinilaw is a common dish every Visayan prepare
during a good catch.
 The delicious Chinese noodle soup called Pancit molo
of Iloilo.
 Another dish Ilongo contributed to the lush cuisine of
the country is the mouth-watering lumpiang ubod.
 Ilongos also shared a tasty dish with Bacolod locals
called Binakol.
Western Visayas
Western Visayas
 It consists of six
provinces; Aklan,
Antique, Negros
Occidental, Capiz,
Guimaras and Iloilo
 17 cities
 Iloilo City is the regional
center.
Brief History of the Region
 The Western Visayas region was created from Aklan,
Antique, Capiz, Iloilo (including its then-subprovince
of Guimaras) and Negros Occidental by Presidential
Decree No. 1 as part of the Integrated Reorganization
Plan of President Ferdinand Marcos.
 The Province of Palawan was transferred to Region VI
(Western Visayas) on May 23, 2005 by Executive Order
429. The Department of the Interior and Local
Government announced in June 2005 that the transfer
had been completed.
Brief History of the Region
 However, Palaweños criticized the move, citing a lack
of consultation, with most residents in Puerto Princesa
City and all municipalities but one preferring to stay
with Region IV-B.
 Consequently, Administrative Order No. 129 was
issued on August 19, 2005 to address this backlash.
This Order directed the abeyance of Executive Order
429 pending the approval of an implementation plan
for the orderly transfer of Palawan from Region IV-B to
Region VI. Hence, Palawan is currently (as of May,
2007) still part of Region IV-B.
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:
 Panay, the Guimaras Island and the western portion of
the island of Negros and its outlying islands.
 Boundaries: Visayan Sea on the east, Cuyo East Pass on
the west, Sibuyan Sea and Romblon on the north,
Cagayan Island on the southwest.
 total land area: 20,223.2 sq. kms.
 six provinces: Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Iloilo, Negros
Occidental and Guimaras.
 Topography: wide stretches of coastal lowlands with
rugged hills and mountains in the interior.
Demographic Data of the Region &
Others
 POPULATION: In 2000, the region’s total population
reached 6,147,000. The population increased by 6%
from 1995. In 1990, the urban population was 36% of
the total population.
 LANGUAGES: Hiligaynon, Kinaray-a, Aklanon,
Cebuano, English, Filipino
 CULTURAL GROUPS: The region’s ethno linguistic
people are called Panay-Hiligaynons (Ilonggos,
Aklanons, Capiceños, Antiqueños and Negrenses).
Demographic Data of the Region &
Others
 CLIMATE: The province has no pronounced climate. It has
a short dry season and is relatively wet the rest of the year.
 NATURAL RESOURCES:
 Its forests have been denuded due to indiscriminate logging.
 Its waters abound with numerous species of fish and other
marine products.
 Mineral resources include copper, gold, silver, clay, limestone,
coal, sand and gravel and other non-metallic.
 It is a key fisheries development area, with its 84 coastal
municipalities, eight major fishing grounds, and inland
bodies of water and 43,050 hectares of fishponds.
Demographic Data of the Region &
Others
 INDUSTRIES:
 major economic activities of the region: farming, sugar,
rice and corn milling, fishing, mining and trading.
 Forward and backward integration in production,
processing or marketing are good areas for investment.
 livestock and poultry raising and cottage industries such
as rattan craft, food preservation, ceramics and
confectionery manufacturing.
 The region has a competitive advantage in the
production of seaweeds, mangoes, pineapple, banana
and cashew.
Top Crops of the Region
 Region VI is an agricultural region with an area of around
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1.05 M hectares or 52% of the total land area. 35.4% of this
is riceland.
The region also produces sugar, coconut, banana, fruits,
root crops and vegetables.
one of the top food producers in the country.
largest producer of sugar.
In 1996:
 it was the third largest rice producer among the regions
 third ranking marine fish producer
 fourth largest aquaculture supplier.
Nutritional Problems of the Region
 According to the 7th NNS Survey, Western Visayas is
found out to be most at-risk to undernutrition among
adolescents. Chronic Energy Deficiency was also
prevalent among the region and nutritionally at risk
pregnant women was also found in this region.
Central Visayas
Central Visayas
 Central Visayas Region is
composed of the islands of
Cebu,Bohol, Negros Oriental
and Siquijor.
 Central Visayas region is at
the center of our country.
 It is bordered by the Visayan
Sea and the province of
Masbate in the north,
Mindanao Sea in the south,
Negros Occidental in the west
and the island of Leyte in the
east.
Brief History of the Region
 BOHOL
The province was the setting of a dramatic event in 1563
when Chief Sikatuna of the island performed a blood
compact with Miguel Lopez de Legaspi. This brought
Bohol under Spanish rule, administratively as part of Cebu.
Two major revolts were stayed in the province. One was led
by Tamblot in 1622. In 1744, Dagohoy led another rebellion
that was to make Bohol independent from Spain with its
own government for 80 years. In 1828, the rebellion was
suppressed and Bohol was made a politico- military
province together with Siquijor Island, thus separating it
from Cebu.
Brief History of the Region
 CEBU
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi founded the present City of Cebu,
changing its former name of San Miguel to "La Villa del
Santissimo Nombre de Jesus."The Philippine Revolution
started in Cebu on April 3, 1898 when Pantaleon Villegas,
popularly known as "Leon Kidlat", attacked the Spanish
garrison at the corner of the present Calamba and Tres de
Abril streets. The American forces occupied Cebu in
February 1899 and established a military government. Due
to continued local "insurrections", it was not until after
three years, on January 1, 1902, that a civil government was
established.
Brief History of the Region
 NEGROS ORIENTAL
The island of Negros had been divided politically into the
eastern and western sectors as early as the start of the
Spanish rule. The western section belonged to Iloilo while
the eastern portion was practically uninhabited because of
frequent seaborne Muslim raids. In 1734, the whole island
was finally unified and made into a military district with
Iloilo as the base. It was raised into a politico-military
province in 1865 under the governorship of Emilio Saravia.
Bacolod was made the Capital. Negros was again divided
into the two present provinces of Negros Occidental and
Negros Oriental in 1890. Settlements in Negros Oriental
started as early as 1787. The oldest towns in the province are
Dauin, Tayasin, Jimalalud, Guihulngan and Baco
Brief History of the Region
 SIQUIJOR
One of the smallest provinces of the country, was once
called isla de Fuegos, or isle of Fire by the Spaniards. The
name came from the belief that the island rose from the sea
amid the flare of thunder and lightning. Also called Island
of Sorcery, Siquijor is said to be inhabited by mananambals
or healers and sorcerers. Siquijor was a sub-province of
Bohol until the 19th century when it became a sub-province
of Negros Oriental. The province was the leading producer
of manganese ore during the pre-war as a separate province
on September 17, 1971 under Republic Act 6398.
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:
 Central Visayas is located in the center of the Philippines,
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between the two main islands, Luzon and Mindanao.
Islands: Bohol, Cebu, Negros Oriental and Siquijor and the
smaller Camotes group of islands, Bantayan and Panglao.
Cities: Bais, Cebu, Canlaon, Danao, Dumaguete, LapuLapu (Opon), Mandaue, Tagbilaran and Toledo.
Borders: Visayas Sea on the north, Bohol Sea on the south,
Leyte on the east and Negros Occidental on the west.
Topography: highlands with narrow coastal strips of arable
land. Bohol, however, has a level plateau upon which its
agricultural areas are concentrated.
Total land area: 14,951.5 sq.kms.
Demographic Data of the Region &
Others
 POPULATION: The region had a total population of
5,404,000 in 2000. Urbanization is highest in Cebu and
lowest in Siquijor. The male numbered 2,291,637; the
females 2,290,892. The region is predominantly rural with
2,730,972 residing in rural areas and 1,851,557 living in
urban centers.
 LANGUAGE: Cebuano is widely spoken in all of the
provinces in the region but almost all understand Tagalog
and English.
 CULTURAL GROUPS: Central Visayas is predominantly
peopled by an ethno linguistic group known as Cebuanos.
Demographic Data of the Region &
Others
 CLIMATE: The region has no pronounced climate. It
has a short dry season from March to May. The rest of
the year is relatively wet.
 LAND USE: Central Visayas has relatively limited
arable lands and wide grazing lands. There are some
tracts of timberland. Its major crops are sugar,
coconut, rice and corn. Out of its total land area of
1,495,142 hectares, 959,223 or 60.42% are classified as
alienable and disposable and 535,919 are forestland.
Demographic Data of the Region &
Others
 NATURAL RESOURCES:
 Most of the region’s timberlands are denuded.
 Mineral resources, are abundant and account for one of the
largest revenue sources of the region.
 The waters surrounding the island provinces are well-known
fishing grounds.
 INDUSTRIES:
 Primary sources of revenue: manufacturing, wholesale and
retail trade and services.
 Mining, farming, fishing and tourism contribute significantly
to the economy
 Manufacturing firms: mining companies, fertilizer plants,
sugar central, rice and corn mills and other food processing
plants.
Top Crops of the Region
The top crops of the region are:
 sugarcane
 coconut
 Palay
 corn
 cassava.
Nutritional Problem of the Region
One of the regions with higher prevalence of
overweight among adults than the national average
was Central Visayas. Also, nearly four out of 10
pregnant women aged 20 years and above and about
three out of 10 pregnant women below 20 years old
were at risk of delivering low birth weight infants.
Eastern Visayas
Eastern Visayas
 Eastern Visayas is one of the two
regions of the Philippines having
no land border with another
region, MIMAROPA being the
other, and is designated as
Region VIII.
 six provinces: Biliran, Eastern
Samar, Leyte, Northern Samar,
Samar and Southern Leyte.
 These provinces occupy the
easternmost islands of Visayas:
Leyte, Samar and Biliran.
 The regional center is Tacloban
City.
Brief History of the Region
 The six provinces comprising the region are some of
the poorest provinces in the country.
 The economy is deeply agricultural.
 Farming practices in some parts of the region date
back to the early 1800's.
 Agricultural development has been slow and highly
selective to few pockets of more enterprising (and
well-off) farmers.
Brief History of the Region
 Because of the typically rugged interior of the two
main islands, agriculture has been limited to mostly
the coastal areas and small inland valleys.
 Heavy industry has been confined to a small industrial
zone on the northwest of Leyte Island.
 Much of the hinterlands, especially in Samar, is now
heavily forested having had a chance to recuperate
from the devastating logging operations in the 1970's
and 1980's.
Brief History of the Region
 It was Samar and Leyte which the renowned Portuguese
exlporer Ferdinand Magellan first saw and landed on after
his long voyage across the Pacific in 1521.
 The first Christians in Southeast Asia were the people of
Limasawa where the first mass was held.
 Five centuries later, General Douglas MacArthur led the
Allies to victory in the Battle of Leyte wherein the ensuing
naval battle, now known as the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
 Leyte became the secure foothold of the Allies in
conquering back the archipelago, and eventually the rest of
Asia, from the Japanese.
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
 Eastern Visayas encompasses the two large islands of Leyte and
Samar, the province of Biliran and several minor islands. This
region is the eastern boundary of the Philippines.
 The San Bernardino Strait separates Eastern Visayas from Luzon
in the southeast while the Surigao Strait separates the province
of Leyte from the northeastern part of Mindanao. The Visayan
and Camotes Seas separate the region from the rest of the
Visayas. On the east, the region faces the Pacific Ocean.
 The San Juanico Strait separates the islands of Samar and Leyte.
The terrain of the two large islands is entirely different. Leyte has
a high peaked mountain mass in the interior while Samar has
low rugged hills interspersed with valleys.
Demographic Data of the Region &
Others
 POPULATION: As of August 1, 2007, the total population of
the region was 3,912,936. This increased by 1.12% from its
population of 3,610,355 in May 1, 2000.
 LANGUAGE:
 Waray-Waray is spoken on the island of Samar, eastern Biliran
and the eastern part of the province of Leyte
 Cebuano is spoken in the rest of Leyte, western Biliran, as well
as in the province of Southern Leyte;
 both of these languages are called Visayan by their speakers.
 Abaknon is spoken in the island of Capul in Northern Samar.
Demographic Data of the Region &
Others
 CULTURAL GROUPS: Region VIII is inhabited by the
Waray-Warays, the country’s fourth largest cultural
linguistic group. But Cebuanos, from the nearby island of
Cebu live in Ormoc City, Western Leyte and parts of the
Southwest of Leyte.
 CLIMATE: The eastern portion of the region is frequently
visited by storms from the Pacific Ocean. The region
receives heavy rainfall throughout the year with no
pronounced dry season.
 LAND USE: Eastern Visayas is primarily an agricultural
region with rice, abaca, corn, coconut, sugarcane and
banana as major crops. Its total land area is 21,431.7 sq. kms.
52% of its total land area is classified as forestland and 48%
as alienable and disposable land.
Demographic Data of the Region &
Others
 NATURAL RESOURCES:
 The region’s sea and inland waters are rich sources of
salt and fresh water fish and other marine products.
 It is one of the fish exporting regions of the country.
 There are substantial forest reserves in the interiors of
the islands..
 It has abundant geothermal energy and water resources
to support the needs of medium and heavy industries.
Top Crops of the Region
The top crops of Eastern Visayas:
 Rice
 Abaca
 Corn
 Coconut
 Sugarcane
 banana
Nutritional Problems of the Region
 High prevalence of malnutrition
 Increasing deaths due to lifestyle-related diseases and
preventable illnesses
 Continuing the decreases in under-five and infant
mortality rates
 Inadequate health human resource
 Ill-equipped health facilities in certain areas
 High proportion of the population with no access to
complete sanitation facilities
References:
 http://www.evis.net.ph/subregions/subregion7.htm
 http://www.evis.net.ph/subregions/subregion8.htm
 http://www.evis.net.ph/subregions/subregion6.htm
 http://www.etravelpilipinas.com/about_philippines/re
gion7_central_visayas.htm
 http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/252873/malnutritioncases-rp-increasing
 http://www.livinginthephilippines.com/region7.html