Transcript Movement - skhwcper8

Five Characteristics Of
Geography: The Caribbean
Group 5, P.8
Location
Where is it?
• The Caribbean is often explained as the
Isolated Proximity
– Explains the unusual position between North
and South America
• Exact Location:
5° N - 27° N and 98°W - 60°W
Isolation both helps and hinders its
successes
Pros
• Able to sustain
cultural diversity
• Being close to N.
America provides
international
relationships
• Fosters a strong sense
of place and inward
orientation by the
people
Cons
• Limits economic
opportunity
• Being close to N. America
creates economic
dependence (ex.
Dominican workers in the
U.S. send more than $1
billion to family in the
Dominican Republic who
rely on the money for
sustenance
Place:
What is it like there?
Physical Features
• Warm all year long
• Lots of rain
– Rainy season from July- October
• Hurricanes begin in July and pick up speed
from the coast of West Africa, and typically
enter through the Lesser Antilles
Physical Features
• Much of the Antillean Islands support
tropical rainforests
• Palm Savannas are important biomes
– Mostly found in tropical savannas
– Palms provide the best soil
– Sugarcane and citrus are planted here
• Semiarid vegetation in some areas
– Limited agricultural potential
– Goats graze here
Physical Features
• Much is urban (60%)
• Cities laid out in a grid with a central plaza
• House yards are common as a result of lack of
space and poverty
Human Features
• African religions were transferred with salve
trade from 1451-1870
– Umbanda
– Macuba
– Candomble
– Catholictism
– Voodoo, Santeria, Obeah
Change
• Deforestation- people clear land for farming and
building housing
• Mangrove swapms are cleared for beach creation
• Several dams were built on islands to help supply
water to the people
• Built national parks to increase wildlife awareness and
create a balance between human and animal fight for
land
• People move into areas were water isn’t abundant
creating an even greater shortage and drought
Human Features
• European languages are most dominant
– Spanish: 24 million (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto
Rico)
– French: 8 million (Haiti; people who speak French are
usually higher class, education, or government position)
– English: 6 million
– Dutch: 500 thousand (numbers are declining)
– Papiamento: a blending of African, English, Spanish,
Portuguese, and Dutch into one language (ABC Islands)
Human Features
• Music
– Reggae
– Calypaso
– Meringue
– Rumba
– Zouk
Human Features
• Common Ethnicities in the Caribbean
– Chinese, Indian, & Indonesian (came as
industrialized laborers)
– Europeans
– Africans (brought as slaves)
• Became neo-africans
• Farmers
• Formed maroon societies (made up of run-away slaves)
Human Features
• Most popular industries are agriculture and tourism
• Most states have excellent education
– High literacy
– High secondary graduation rates
• People tend to walk, ride bikes, and use public
transportation rather than drive cars
• Women are typically the ones who run street
markets
Human Features
• Caribbean English
– Reflects a blend of influences of African, Spanish,
French, Hindi, Amerindian
– Expressions are unique to regions and are often
politically changed (charley-price is very large rat
based off of Sir Charles Price who was said to have
introduced the first rat)
– Patterns of speech distinguish it (repeating certain
words adds intensity)
Human/ Environment
Interaction:
How do people interact with the
environment?
• Farming
Adapt
– Rainfall provides water for crops
– Savannas have fertile soil
• Limestone base in Cuba results in fertile red clay soil
• Arid zones near mountains are mainly used for
grazing
• Residents of Montserrat had to evacuate at certain
times due to volcanic activity
Adapt
• Because the soil easily eroded and did not
provide good harvests, they developed two
strategies:
– Clear new land and abandon old land
– Conserve soil and maintain fertility
Regions:
What makes it like other areas?
Physical Regions
• Antillean Islands
– Greater Antilles
• Cuba
• Jamacia
• Hispanolia
• Puerto Rico
– Less Antilles
• Islands from the Virgin
Islands to Trinidad
• El Yunque Rainforest
– In Puerto Rico
– Protected by the Spanish
Physical Regions
• Rimland States
– Belize
– Guianas
– Much timber comes from this
area
Mangroves
– Not well suited for humans; better suited for fish and
crustaceans
– Usually cleared to create beaches
• Increases the risk of erosion
Political Regions
• Caribbean Community and Common Market
(CAMICOM)
– Created the Caribbean
Development Bank to
help poorer states
• Cuba
– Communist
– Socialist
Political Regions
• Monroe Doctrine
– Claims that the U.S. would not
tolerate European military
involvement in the western
hemisphere
– U.S. believed that the Caribbean
was within this range
• Puerto Rico Commonwealth of
U.S.
– Part of the U.S. and the Caribbean
– Depends on the U.S. welfare and
investment programs
– U.S. food stamps give income to
Puerto Rican families
Cartoon picture describing the
Monroe Doctrine policy.
Cultural Regions
• Crealization
– African and European cultures were mixed
– European language adapted to different dialects
(French Creole)
• Neo-Africa
– African salves were forced out of houses and
moved to the Caribbean and North America
Economic Regions
• Free Trade of Americas (FTAA)
– Cuba is not a part because it is communist
• Total GNI in Millions
– Dominica to Dominican Republic (238-16 130)
Movement:
How are people and places connected?
Movement
Regional International Movement
Created for the economic competitiveness of the Caribbean.
The Goal:
Improve employment rates within the Caribbean
Increase interregional trade
Reduce external dependency
Movement
Movement of foreign investments in the Caribbean
Free Trade Zones(FTZs)- Duty free and tax-exempt industrial parks for foreign
corporations.
•Legalizes the foreign ownership
•Peruses for direct foreign investments
•Offers cheap labors
•Many cities, specially Dominican Republic, offers Free Trade
Zones(FTZs).
Movement
Tourism in the Caribbean
People goes to the Caribbean for:
•Clear and sparkling turquoise water
•Enjoy warmth during the cold winter season
•Entrepreneurs are able to open resort business
The Caribbean countries earns a lot of money from tourists visiting them each year.
Movement
From Agriculture To>>> Factories and Resorts
 Agriculture had once dominated the Caribbean, now it is no longer the main source
of income due to:
A decline in agreement with foreign importers.
The soils are overworked.
Now they have a much diversified economy.
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Coffee Export 11%
Sugar Export 20%
In 1990
Coffee Export 70%
Sugar Export 60%
Haiti
Dominican Republic
In 1955
Movement
Rural to Urban Migration
Causes:
Agriculture became mechanized
Offshore industrialization
Rapid population growth
of the total Caribbean population is now considered urban.
Movement
Rural to Urban Migration(Continued….)
Problems Created:
Citied are overcrowded
Informal Sector
Electricity lines are pirated from power lines
Movement
Caribbean Emigration- People moving out of a region.
Moving from the
Caribbean
To the
From the Caribbean
Country/Countries
Belize, Cuba, Jamaica,
Haiti, Dominican
Republic, and Porto
Rico.
Belize, Bahamas,
Jamaica, and Guyana.
Suriname, Trinidad,
and Tobago.
French Guyana.
Movement
Neo-African Movements in the Americas
The Caribbean is comprised of millions of ethnically distinct individuals.
In the 16th century African Diaspora forced Africans to move from their native land.
Creolization- Process in which African and European cultures are blended into the
Caribbean.
Movement
Neo-African Movements in the Americas(Continued…)
African Religions were diffused in the Caribbean.
•Voodoo most widely practiced in the Caribbean.
Language: Many languages were brought over by Europeans.
Languages in the Caribbean
1%
16%
Spanish
21%
62%
French
English
Duch
Movement
Neo-African Movements in the Americas(Continued…)
Music:
Music Forms:
•Reggae
•Calypso
•Merengue
•Rumba
•Zouk
Music of Bob Marley reflects Jamaica’s political situation.
Movement
Asian Immigration in the Caribbean
•Caused by for the colonial
government freeing slaves
by the mid 19th century
Largest Emigration
from Asia
Asia
Suriname, Guyana,
Trinidad and Tobago
1/3 of Suriname's population
is South Asian