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Blue Social Studies
Miss. Sievering
Hemispheres
 Dividing the earth in half, usually north/south
or east/west.
Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
 Latitude - Lines circling the globe from east to west,
measuring the distance north and south of the equator.
All latitude lines are parallel to each other.
 Longitude - Lines running from pole to pole, measuring
the distance east and west of the Prime Meridian. They
are not parallel & go only half way around the world.
Prime Meridian - Meridian at 0° longitude. It is the starting point for
longitude. On a map, all lines to the right of the Prime Meridian are east
longitude; to the left is west longitude. It runs through Greenwich, Eng.
International Date Line - Line at 180° longitude. It lies opposite the Prime
Meridian. The date changes by one day when you cross this line.
International
Date Line
Equator - Line at 0° latitude, starting point for measuring latitude. It lies
midway between the north and south poles.
 The Poles - Extreme northern and southern points on globe;
90° north latitude & 90° south latitude.
 Polar Regions - The cold regions between the Arctic Circle
and the North Pole and between the Antarctic Circle and the
South Pole.
U.S. Navy Sea Dragon

We first chose two "teams of nine players
each." We then "laid out" the "baseball
diamond" on the generally flat yet still
quite rugged ice surface with a "base”
placed at each point of the "diamond." The
baseball "pitcher's mound, which is located
in the center of the "diamond," was
positioned at our best estimate of the
North Pole. The baseball "diamond" was
then aligned such that the following
interesting/amusing things would occur
during the course of the game. First, if
the batter hit a "homerun," he would
circumnavigate the world as he ran around
the bases to home plate. Second, if the
batter hit the ball to right field, the ball
would go across the International Dateline
into "tomorrow." And, if the ball player
from the opposing team in "Right Field"
caught the ball and threw it back towards
the "pitcher's mound," he would be
throwing the ball back into "yesterday!"
 The Tropics - The warm region between the Tropic of
Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The Equator lies in
the middle of the Tropics.
The angle in
which the
Earth is tilted
in relation to
the Sun. The
Tropics are
23½° latitude
north and
south of the
Equator and
the Arctic &
Antarctic
Circles are
23½° latitude
away from
the poles.
This creates
the seasons
on the Earth.
23½°
 Time Zones – In order for each place on earth to have
daylight at about the same hours of the day the earth
has been split into 24 time zones, one for each hour of
the day. Each time zone equals 15° of longitude. For
example, when it is 8P.M. in Darien, it is 5P.M. in Los
Angeles.
 Globe – a scale model of the earth. The most accurate
way to show the earth.
 Map – a flat drawing of all or part of the earth’s
surface.
VS.
 Map Distortion - Because you can't accurately show a
spherical or ball-shaped globe on a flat map, all maps
have some degree of distortion or changing of the way
things really appear.
 Map Projections - A way of drawing the earth on a flat
surface. All projections distort the size, shape, direction
and/or distance of places on the earth to some extent.
Mercator Projection
 Map Key/Legend – an explanation of the lines, symbols, and colors on a
map.
 Map Scale - The relationship between distance on the map and the real
distance on the earth.
 Orientation - The location of the directions north, south, east, & west on
a map.
 Compass Rose – A symbol on a map which tells you where the cardinal
directions – north, south, east, west – are positioned. A compass Rose
tells you the maps orientation.
 General Purpose Maps – show a wide range of general
information.
 Physical Maps - These maps emphasize natural
features such as mountains, valleys and plains.
They use color to indicate elevation.
 Political Maps - Political maps emphasize things made by man,
such as national and state boundaries and cities. They use
colors to show nations and states.
 Special Purpose Map - Maps which show specific topics
in detail such as historical maps, climate maps, or maps
that show the location of rides at an amusement park.