Transcript Ancient China

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A new
dynasty
comes to power.
The emperor
reforms the govt.
& makes it more
efficient.
Lives of common
people improved;
taxes reduced;
farming encouraged.
Emperor is
defeated !!
Rebel bands find
strong leader who
unites them.
Attack the emperor.
The
Dynastic
Cycle
Poor lose
respect for govt.
They join rebels
& attack landlords.
Problems begin
(extensive wars,
invasions, etc.)
Taxes increase;
men forced to
work for army.
Farming neglected.
Droughts,
floods,
famines occur.
Govt. increases
spending;
corruption.
The Evolut ion of Chinese
Writ ing during the Shang
Pictographs
Semantic-Phonetics
Chinese Dynasties
Longest continuous history of any culture.
DYNASTIES:
Shang: 1700’s-1100’s BCE
Irrigation Systems, Calendar (fairly accurate)
Qin (Ch’in): 200’s BCE
1st Imperial dynasty, expanded into E China, ordered
“Great Wall” built as protection.
Han: 202 BC – AD 220
strengthened military power
Mongols overthrew the Sung around 1200, ruled until
1279 when the Chinese rebelled.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mongol_Empire_map.gif Mongol expansion map
After China drove the Mongols out, China limited outside
influence , forbade foreign trade.
Struggle for China
• Mao Zedong:
Communist
chairman of
China from 1949
to 1976.
• Chang Kai-Shek fought
unsuccessfully to stop the
communists.
5
Taiwan
• Chang Kai-shek, moved
gov’t to Taiwan (Chinese
territory).
• Claim: Taiwan is
separate from China.
• Conflict between these
two groups (PRC &
ROC) still exists today.
6
Communism in China
• 1st challenge: feed the people…so gov’t
organized land into larger farms.
• Man no longer dominant family member
• Women worked the fields.
• To slow the growth of population: 1 child policy.
• Great Leap Forward: disaster for Mao (pg 623)
• Cultural Revolution: chaos, closed schools, (pg
623) Intellects killed or sent to work in the
countryside
Tibet & The Dalai Lama (14th)
• Tibet: Himalayan plateau
• DL’s ruled Tibet 1640s 1950s.
• 13th DL proclaimed
independence : 1913.
• China did not accept
independence. (subordinate)
• DL (14th) exiled, living in India.
• Tibetans have been victims of
extreme human rights
violations by Chinese
government.
Hong Kong & Macao
“One Country
Two Systems”
• Hong Kong & Macao : “Special
Administrative Region” of China
• Autonomous
•
•
•
•
HONG KONG:
UK territory from 1842-1997.
Cosmopolitan & Highly Developed.
One of most densely pop regions in
world.
• MACAO:
• Former Portuguese territory
• Returned to China: 1999
• Feudal system similar to medieval
Europe.
• Lords fought each other.
• 1274-1281: united together to fight off the
Mongols
• Drove European invaders out in the
1600’s
J
a
p
a
n
Isolationist Japan
• Japan was closed to trade,
isolated.
• The US wanted to open up Tokyo
for:
– Trade
– Coal/refueling US ships
• Impact of the 1854 Treaty Signed
between Japan & US:
– Inflation
– Overthrow of Shogun & Meji
restoration: restoring imperial rule, &
modernizing Japan
Pearl Harbor
• Japan: allies with Germany
& Italy
• Dec 7, 1941: Japanese
attack US Naval Base in
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
• RESULT: Brings US into
WWII
Atomic Bomb of
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
• US dropped atomic bombs on Japan:
Aug 1945.
• Japan surrendered & was occupied &
assisted in rebuilding by US forces.
• Japan banned nuclear armament.
Korean War
• 1950: N. Korea, invaded S. Korea
• 1953: Threat of a nuclear world war
ended the war at a stalemate.
• RESULT: Demilitarized Zone: 2.5
mile buffer zone at the 38th parallel
where troops from neither side are
allowed.
• Unique area: Endangered animals &
species thrive.
Vietnam Conflict 1964-1973
• Vietnam independent from
France 1954
• Split into North: Communist &
South: pro-Western govt.
• US Supported the South.
• China, Russia Supported the
North
• 1973 Last of the US troops
pulled out of Vietnam.
• North and South Vietnam
reunified as a communist state
1975.
Pol Pot &
The Killing Fields: 1975-1979
• Killing Fields: mass graves in
Cambodia.
• An estimated 1.7 million people
were killed/starved & buried by the
Khmer Rouge regime, led by Pol
Pot during its rule from 19751979.
• Goal: form a Communist peasant
farming society.
• Foreigners expelled, & Cambodia
was sealed off from the outside
world.
• 1978 invaded by Vietnam & Pol
Pot fled to Thailand.