Transcript Unit I: Foundations of Geography

Unit I: Foundations
of Geography
I. The Five Themes of Geography
A. Geography: the study of the
Earth
1. Where are things located?
2. Why are they there?
B. Five themes help organize
information about Earth and its
people
C. Location: where a place is
1. Cardinal directions
2. Intermediate directions
3. Latitude and longitude
D. Region: area with unifying
characteristics
1. climate
2. land
3. population
4. history
E. Place: includes human and physical features at a
specific location
1. climate
2. land
3. population
4. work
5. religion
6. language
F. Movement: how people, goods, and ideas get
from one place to another; cultural change
G. Human-Environment Interaction: how people
affect their environment
Journal Entry
Predict, how might a
geographer use each
of the five themes to
describe the city where
you live?
II. Types of Maps
A. Political Map: shows the
boundaries of countries, states,
cities, etc.
B. Physical Map: shows
features of the earth’s
surface
III. Parts of a map
A. Titletells the
subject of
the map
B. Compass Roseshows direction
C. Key/Legend-indentifies all of the symbols
and coloring on the map
D. Scale Bar-shows you how distances on
the map compare to the actual distances.
IV. Latitude and Longitude
A. Latitude
1. lines run east and west
2. measure distances north and
south from the equator
3. Equator-zero degrees
4. Tropic of Cancer-23 ½ degrees N
5. Arctic Circle-66 ½ degrees N
6. North Pole-90 degrees N
7. Tropic of Capricorn-23 ½ degrees S
8. Antarctic Circle-66 ½ degrees S
9. South Pole-90 degrees S
B. Longitude
1. lines run north and south
2. measure distances east and west
from the Prime Meridian
3. Prime Meridian-zero degrees
4. International Date Line-180 degrees
V. Time Zones
A. Earth is divided into 24 time
zones for each hour in a day
B. There are 360 degrees in a
sphere
C. Each time zone is 15 degrees
D. It takes the sun one hour to
cross15 degrees of the rotating
earth
E. International Date Line-new day
begins when you cross the I.D.L. traveling
west
Time Zone Websites
• http://www.worldtimezone.com/
• http://www.wisconline.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=SOC
3702
• http://www.ixl.com/math/grade-5/time-zones
Time Zone Word Problem
An airplane left New York at 9:15 a.m. to travel
to London. If the flight took 5 hrs. 45 min.,
what was the local time when the plane
landed in London?
8:00 p.m.
Now work with your team to create a time
zone word problem for your classmates to
solve!
VI. Climate: the usual or average
weather a region receives over many
years
VII.Environment
A. The surroundings or conditions in
which a person, animal, or plant lives
B. Physical features and climate create
environment
C. Natural
1. deserts
2. tropical rain forests
D. Human-made
1. cities
2. roads, bridges
VIII. Economy: the wealth and resources of a
country or region in terms of the production
and consumption of goods
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Producers
Consumers
Goods
Services
Industry
1. primary
2. secondary
3. tertiary
4. quaternary
IX. Ethnic Diversity
A. Ethnic group: group of people
who share common features or
characteristics
B. Culture: how people live; what
makes them who they are
1. customs
2. beliefs
3. language
4. clothing
5. food
6. housing
7. music
8. religion
C. Diversity: many, or a variety of
Journal Entry
What ethnic group are
you a member of?
Describe some of the
cultural traits of your
ethnic group.