Transcript Country report—China

Country Report—China
——From Chunhua Guan
Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology
Content
1.Brief Introduction of China
2.Introduction of China’s Economy
3.The Strategic Opportunities and
Challenges on Development
4.The Main Problem and Our Strategic
Emphases and the Main Missions
1.Brief Introduction of China
Land area
With a landmass of 9,600,000 sq km, China is the
third largest country in the world.
Topography
The topography varies greatly in China, a vast land
of lofty plateau, large plains, rolling land and big
and small basins surrounded by lofty mountains.
Taking a bird's-eye view of China, the terrain
gradually descends from west to east like a staircase.
1.Brief Introduction of China
Climate
Most of China lies in the north temperate zone, characterized
by a warm climate and distinctive seasons, a climate well
suited for habitation.
Most of China has a continental monsoon climate.
Population
The natural growth rate of population continued to decline.
Since the beginning of the 1970s when China adopted family
planning policy, the fertility started to decline.
At the end of 2003, China's total population in the mainland
amounted to 1,292.27 million.
1.Brief Introduction of China
Urbanization is accelerated
In 2003, the urban population reached 523.76 million
and the proportion of urban population is 40.53
percent.
The rise of the urbanization in China is based on the
expansion of the urban areas and the increase of the
population.
The increase of cities and expansion of urban areas
promoted the urbanization level in China.
2.Introduction of China’s Economy
Economy System
1949~1979
planned economy system
1978~1984
reform in rural area
1984~present reform in cities
The pattern has basically been formed in which the
public sector plays the main role alongside non-public
sectors such as individual and private companies to
achieve common development.
2.Introduction of China’s Economy
Diverse economic elements
Before 1978,
state-owned and collectively-owned enterprises：77.6%
China's exclusively public-ownership economy: 22.4%
In 2004
state-owned and state stock-holding enterprises: 42.4%
collectively-owned enterprises: 5.3 %,
non-public enterprises（including:enterprises with foreign,
Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan investments, and individual and
private enterprises）：52.3%
2.Introduction of China’s Economy
Diverse economic elements
Small and medium-sized enterprises and nonpublic enterprises have become China's main
job creators.
Private enterprises alone provided 50 percent
of employment of the entire society.
2.Introduction of China’s Economy
Three-Step Development Strategy
Step One--to double the 1980 GNP and ensure that the people
have enough food and clothing -- was attained by the end of
the 1980s;
Step Two--to quadruple the 1980 GNP by the end of the 20th
century --was achieved in 1995 ahead of schedule;
Step Three--to increase per-capita GNP to the level of the
medium-developed countries by the mid-21st century--at
which point, the Chinese people will be fairly well-off and
modernization will be basically realized.
2.Introduction of China’s Economy
Key national projects

West-to-East Electricity Transmission

West-to-East Gas Transmission

South-to-North Water Diversion

The Three Gorges Dam

Qinghai-Tibet Railway
3.The Strategic Opportunities and Challenges on
Development
The Strategic Opportunities on Development In 20 Years
1. The structure of consumption continued to upgrade, that create
a large demand.
2. The structure of industry adjusts incessantly, provided a firm
foundation of supply.
3. The urbanization has been greatly accelerated, a more wide
space has been developed.
4. The progress of science and technology change with each
passing day, provided a condition to realize leap-frogging
development.
5. Economy globalization has been strengthened continuously,
provided good chances to participate in international division of
the work.
3.The Strategic Opportunities and Challenges on
Development
The challenges we will be faced in 20 years
1.
2.
3.
4.
The restriction of environment and resource is
aggravated.
The social contradiction is stood out.
The pressure of international competition increasing.
There is still some insecurity factors in economy
and the nation.
4.The Main Problem and Our Strategic
Emphases and the Main Missions
Main problems of regional development in
economy, society and S&T:
1. The low capability of innovation in enterprises
becoming the most important factor of restriction to
the regional development.
2. The capability of S&T innovation in all regions is
low.
3. The contradiction of division of regional S&T
resource is far away from solved.
4. The system of division the work and competition
between different regions is not founded.
4.The Main Problem and Our Strategic
Emphases and the Main Missions
Main problems of regional development in
economy, society and S&T:
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
There is a big gap in economy and S&T between
different regions.
The rate of development in counties is lower than
the average level of the whole country.
It’s still a hard task to increase the farmers’ income.
The situation of ecological environment is still very
stern.
There is still some insecurity factors in social
security.
4.The Main Problem and Our Strategic
Emphases and the Main Missions
Our strategic emphases and the main missions:

East part of China

Yangzi-River Delta region

The big Pearl River Delta region

The middle area

The northeast area
strategic emphases and the main missions
East part
of China
Great
Capital
area
software
modern
knowledge
service
New
materials
mobile
communication
biologic
technique
This region should carry out the strategy of
upgrade the capability of regional competition,
become the important base of national
innovation.
strategic emphases and the main missions
This region should carry out the strategy of
central city, become one of the international
base of innovation.
Nanometer
industry
Yangzi-River
Delta region
East part of China
IC
software biomedical
aviation
strategic emphases and the main missions
This region should carry out the strategy of
integration with Hong Kong and Macao, become
one of the most competitive regions, the precursor
of the internationalization in high-tech industry.
big Pearl
River Delta
region
electronic
information
modern
service trades
East part of
China
advanced
manufacturin
g industry
strategic emphases and the main missions
This region should carry out the strategy of
integration with the talented person, capital and
technology.
modern
agriculture
Important
commercial
food supplies base
middle
area
photoelectron
advanced
manufacturing
industry
base of
material
technique
strategic emphases and the main missions
northeast
area
inlay soft
modern
digit control agriculture
machine
base
mega-whole
set equipment
important
commercial
food supplies
base
This area should carry out the strategy of
innovation of system and technology.