Transcript CHAPTER EIGHT

CHAPTER EIGHT
CANADA
A. Atlantic Provinces
1. Province: Political division
in Canada (similar to a
state)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Newfoundland
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
B. Geography
2. Northernmost part of the
Appalachian Mountain Chain
a.
b.
c.
d.
Deciduous forests
Rugged Mountains
Thousands of lakes
Thin rocky soil
•
What may have caused this type of
surface?
C. Maritime Provinces
1. Another name for the Atlantic
Provinces
2. Maritime: Bordering the ocean
a. Hundreds of bays and inlets
b. Provides access to fishing
c. Most people live on the coast
3. Economic Activities:
a. Fishing
b. Farming
c. Lumbering
4. THE GRAND BANKS
a. World’s richest fishing area
 Lobster
 Herring
 Scallops
5. Over-fishing: Taking fish faster than
they can reproduce
a. Lowered fish population
b. Fewer fishing boats go out
c. Fewer fishermen have jobs
6. New industries: Tourism & Oil
D. ONTARIO & QUEBEC
1. The heartland of Canada
2. Three Different Landscapes
a. Canadian Shield: Mostly exposed
bedrock with some forests
 Almost uninhabited (no people)
b.
Hudson Bay Lowlands:
 Flat, swampy region between the Canadian
Shield and The Hudson Bay
c. St. Lawrence Lowlands:
 Rich soil & relatively mild climate
 60% of Canada’s population lives here
E. ONTARIO
1. Most important resource, their
system of waterways:
a. Great Lakes
 St. Lawrence Seaway
 Lock: Enclosed part of a canal where
ships are raised or lowered
b. Second: Rich, fertile soil (Farming)
c. Third: Manufacturing
F. Quebec
1. Canada’s largest Province (Not
territory)
2. Most is covered by the Canadian
Shield
3. Some farming and mining along the
St. Lawrence River.
4. Many Quebec's people work in
factories or service jobs.
5. FRENCH is the dominant language
G. Prairie Provinces
1. Manitoba
2. Alberta
3. Saskatchewan
a. Rolling wheat-fields
b. Semiarid,
 Short, hot summers and long, Cold winters.
a. Clear cold lakes (The ice just melted)
4. Cities:
a. Largest cities are along the RxR routes
WHY????
ECONOMY
1. Most of Canada’s grains and beef
2. Wheat is the major crop
3. Recently, large deposits of oil and
natural gas have been discovered in
Alberta
4. This has “fueled” the rapid growth of
Alberta's two largest cities
a. Edmonton
b. Calgary
I. BRITISH COLUMBIA
1. Almost entirely enclosed in
mountains!
2. Rich in minerals, forests and fishing
3. One of the richest provinces in
Canada!
4. Population has grown due to:
a. Warm climate
b. Beautiful scenery
5. Vancouver:
a. Largest city in the province
b. Major seaport on the Pacific
Ocean
c. Importance has increased as
trade with Asia has increased
d. Strong economic ties with U.S.
J. NORTHERN TERRITORIES
a. Yukon Territory
b. Northwest Territory
c. Nunavut Territory
1. 40% of Canadian land area
2. Only 1% of Canada’s
population
3. Almost all live along the
Mackenzie River
K. NUNAVUT
1. Newest Territory of Canada
a. April 1, 1999
2. Formerly, part of Northwest
Territory
3. Mostly populated by Inuit
1. Only 1% of the population
4. Capital: Iqualuit
a. Place where the fish are
L. Inuit
1. Means, “The People”
2. We call them Eskimos
3. At one time they hunted
with dog-sleds and
spears.
4. Now they hunt with
snowmobiles and rifles
M. NATIONAL IDENTITY
1. Canadians don’t consider
themselves Canadians
a.
b.
c.
d.
French Canadians
British Canadians
Inuit (Eskimo)
Native Americans
N. BRIEF HISTORY
1. First Canadians:
a. Inuit and Native Americans
b. Probably came across a landbridge which in now the Bering
Straight
c. Inuit mostly live in the colder
North
d. Native Americans mostly live near
the Great Lakes and Pacific Ocean.
O. The Colonial Wars
1. France v. England
2. Four wars lasted from 1689 to
1763
3. Battle of Quebec: British
soundly defeated the French
4. France surrendered all of its
claims to Canada
P. PART OF ENGLAND
1. For over 100 years, Canada was
under direct control of England
2. In 1867, Canada was given partial
freedom from England
3. In 1931, Canada became an
independent country
4. However, Canada’s symbolic ruler
is still the English king/queen
Q. CONFLICTING CULTURES
1. When England took control of Canada,
70,000 French colonists lived there.
2. England promised (in return for
French cooperation), that they could
keep their language, customs and laws.
3. With English as the dominant
language, French-Canadians feel that
they are discriminated against in jobs
and society
Q. CONFLICTING CULTURES
a. Discrimination: Judging
people based on race or
religion
4. Many French-Canadians are
calling for Separatism (Secede).
a. Separatism: a group seeking
political separation.
b. Secede: To leave a political
union
R. MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY
1. Canada is made-up of many
groups of peoples
a. Inuit, Native Americans, French
and English
2. Canada allows refugees from
many parts of the world to
immigrate.
3. Many peoples from Asia have
settled in British Columbia
S. Uniting Canada
1. Communication:
a. Most all remote regions have
telecommunication capacity
b. Radio
c. Satellite Phone
2. Transportation:
a. Some Highways
b. Many Railroads
T. Canadian Resources
1. Canada has many resources
2. However, the harsh
environment makes it hard
to get to these resources
3. Many Canadians feel that
they must not harm the land
to get at these resources
U. CANADA & U.S.
1. Longest undefended border
in the world, more than
5,000 miles
2. Customs are NOT charged
between countries.
a. Customs: Taxes charged by
one country on stuff people
bring into another country
U. CANADA & U. S.
3. CULTURAL LINKS
a.
b.
c.
d.
Most Canadians live close to the U. S. border
Watch our TV programs
Listen to our radio stations
Shopping is just a short drive across the
border
e. Many Canadians cross to get medical
attention
f. Some Professional sports teams
 Baseball
Hockey
V. Economic Links
1. Canada and the U.S. are
very closely tied
economically
a. Canada buys nearly 23% of
everything the U.S. exports
b. The U.S. buys nearly 87% of
everything Canada exports
V. Economic Links
2. N.A.F.T.A. North
American Free Trade
Agreement
a. Eliminated tariffs between
Canada, Mexico & U.S.
b. Tariff: Taxes charged when
one country sells stuff in
another country.
W. An Uneven Relationship
1. Some Canadians feel that
they are too influenced by
U.S.
2. Since what the U.S. does often
affects Canada, Canadians
often follow events in the U.S.
3. How much do you know
about Canada? What is the
latest news?
X. Links with the World
1. Canada is a middle-power
a. Middle-power countries join with other
countries to do something
2. Important Location:
a. Major ports on both the Atlantic and
Pacific allows trade with Europe & Asia
3. Commonwealth of Nations
a. Formerly English colonies
b. Work together to promote trade
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