Transcript Compendium of Environment Statistics of Bangladesh

Compendium of Environment
Statistics of Bangladesh
Abdullah Harun Pasha
Director
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
1
• The total area is 147.570 sq. km.
• Total population is 142.3 million according to
2011 census.
• Population density is 1020/sq. km.
2
•
Bangladesh has been classified 3
physiographic region.
(a) Flood plane (b) Terraces and (c) Hills and 24
sub regions.
• Total river in this country are 310.
• A long coast line of 710 km of Bay of Bengal
in the South.
• Bangladesh is a frequent floods, cyclones
tidal surges, draught prone area.
3
• Following the guide lines of Framework for
development of Environment Statistics (UNFDES) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
which is the National statistical organization
(NSO) has developed B-FDES in 1998.
• Following the guide line BBS has prepared
“Compendium of Environment Statistics
2009”.
• Data are collected from the secondary sources.
4
• Nowadays
Bangladesh
faces
many
environmental problems.
• Ministry of Environment and Forest has
identified 5 areas of environmental issues
which are Biodiversity loss, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Land degradation and Natural
disaster.
5
Policy Adopted in Bangladesh
• Water Pollution control Ordinance 1973 (promulgated
in 1974).
• Bangladesh wild life (preservation) order 1973
(promulgated in 1974) & wild life (preservation) Act
1973
• Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1995.
• Environment Conservation Rules 1997.
• Environment Court Act 2000 (Amendment 2002)
• The Forest Act 1927 (amended in 1990, 2000)
• Bangladesh Bio-safety Rules 2010.
6
Biodiversity
• Bangladesh has about 5000 species of
flowering plants and 1500 species of fauna. It
was much more a century ago.
• Bio-diversity is effected:
- Over exploitation
- Deforestation
- Inefficient forest management
- Agricultural and industrial pollution
7
Biodiversity (Continued)
-
Shifting cultivation in the tribal areas
Coastal shrimp farming
Large scale irrigation
And flood control projects in Bangladesh
8
Biodiversity (Continued)
• The most important habitat for bio-diversity in Bangladesh is
the natural forest . At least 94% of the original natural habitat
and vegetation has been lost to human settlements and
agriculture.
• Government of Bangladesh has under taken National
biodiversity strategy and Action for conservation of
biodiversity.
• Government of Bangladesh has declared 19 protected areas
constituting about 244 thousands forest.
9
Flora
Flora:
• It is recorded 7095 (apx) species of different plant
(MOef 2007).
• Total forest area less than 17%, day by day it is
reduce due to increasing of population and
landlessness.
• According to latest account about 96 seed-bearing
plant species are threatened.
• According to task force report 9 vascular plants are
endangered and 27 are threatened
• Government has taken some steps for afforestation
10
Fauna
Fauna:
• The total number of animal species of Bangladesh 4469.
• Vertebrate fauna of Bangladesh is 1597.
• According to IUCN Red Book 266 species of inland fishes,
442 species of marine fishes, 22 species of amphibians, 109
inland reptiles,17 marine reptiles, 388 resident birds, 240
migratory birds, 110 inland mammals and 3 species of marine
mammals exist in Bangladesh.
• According to IUCN red list 54 species of sea fishes, 8
amphibians, 58 reptiles, 41 resident birds and 40 mammals are
threatened.
• Number of extinct fauna of Bangladesh is 17.
• Number of marine species are 1093.
11
Atmosphere
• Tropical monsoon climate (high temperaturehigh humidity, heavy rainfall). Mean annual
temperature of Bangladesh is 26oc. Average
rainfall 1300 mm. to 4000 mm.
• Increasing trend of temperature.
• Decreasing trend of Monsoon.
• Recently, Seasons are not behaving regular.
12
Air Pollution
• Atmospheric conditions both urban and rural areas are
deteriorating due to air pollution.
• Uncontrolled emission from motor vehicles, dust, industrial
waste product, construction dust, garbage, brick kilns, cooking
stoves, burning of wood, coal and bio-mass are mainly
responsible.
• Common pollutants: Dust, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxide
& Sulpher dioxide, Respirable suspended particulates (RSP),
Smoke etc.
• Effects on human health such as cronic chronic bronchitis,
acute respiratory infection in children, lung cancer, Stroke &
Heart diseases, abnormality during birth.
13
Sound Pollution
• Main sources of sound pollution are the
hydraulic horn of vehicles, aircraft, railroads,
industry, construction, Miking, brick breaking,
sirens and consumer products.
• Noise levels in selected area Dhaka city varies
from 68 dB to 106 dB (Dey, 2001).
• Government is trying to reduce sound
pollution in capital dhaka.
14
Water and Soil Pollution
• Bangladesh receives water: 74% from transboundary,
24% from rainfall & 2% from groundwater.
• Source of pollution: Industrial effluent (textiles,
tanneries, pulp and paper mill, fertilizer), municipal
waste, chemical fertilizer & pesticide, oil & lube
spillage from sea & river ports.
• Arsenic contamination in the groundwater (57 million
people in Bangladesh drink water containing arsenic).
9136 days per year due to arsenic related dieses.
• Increasing salinity in the coastal regions during dry
seasons due to Farakkah & Tista barrage of India.
15
Solid Waste Management
• According to an estimate of 2004, approximately
16,380 tons/day of waste are generated in urban areas
of Bangladesh .
• waste are collected and dumped in a crude dumping
site and after that no action is taken for the ultimate
fate of the waste.
• Recently, Dhaka city corporation has established a
Solid Waste Management cell to improve the waste
management services in the city.
16
Climate Change
• Due to climate change floods, tornados, cyclones
(sidr, aila), drought and salinity ingress.
• Due to climate change 1 meter rise of Sea level will
enundate 70% of the country. GDP effect will be 7%.
• During last 10 years 3 big floods has occurred in
Bangladesh (1998, 2004 & 2007).
17
Millennium Development Goal-7:
Bangladesh Progress at a Glance
• Bangladesh Government try to achieve the goal in the
area:
• Forest area – 9 (Base year 1990-95) to 11.3 (2006),
where target is 20 in 2015
• Biological diversity -1.6 (Base year 1990-95) to 1.83
(2006) where target is 5 in 2015
• Carbon Dioxide Emissions – .14 (Base year 1990-95)
to .3 (2006)
• Consumption of Ozone depleting CFCs – 280.6 (Base
year 1990-95) to 195.5 (2006)
18
Remarks
Impacts of environment are occurring due to some
reason:
• For industrialization
• Deforestation
• Urbanization
• Development project
• Intensive agriculture
19
Thank you
20