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UN-HABITAT
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
Regional Office for Africa and the Arab States
Rapid Urban Sector Profiling for Sustainability (RUSPS)
Project Designed by UN-HABITAT,
Implemented By GOPP, Ministry Of Housing , Infrastructure & Urban Development
and Financed by Cities Alliance, UN-HABITAT, World Bank
MENIA
1
5
This report was prepared by RUSPS team of Egypt elaborating on information collected through interviews with
key urban actors in Menia.
This project and report were managed and supervised by Ali El-Faramawy and important inputs were provided
by Hassanien Abouzeid, Abdelwahab Helmy, Moustafa Madbouly, Ghada Farouk Hassan, Heba Aboul Fadl,
Mohab El Refaie, Doaa El Sherif, Alia El Mahdi, and Anwar El Nakeeb.
Graphic editing by: Hassanien Abou-Zeid
The designation employed and the presentation of the material in the publication do not imply the impression of
any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any
country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or
regarding its economic system or degree of development. The analysis, conclusions and recommendations of the
report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Human Development Settlements Programme
(UN-HABITAT), the Governing Council of UN-HABITAT or its Member States
Excerpts from this publication may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is
indicated.
© United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), 2006
HS Number: N/A
ISBN Number: N/A
United Nations Human Settlements Programme Publications can be obtained from UN-HABITAT Regional
and Information Offices or directly from:
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
P.O. Box 30030, GPO 00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Fax:(25420)762 4266/7
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.unhabitat.org
FOREWORD
In Egypt the RUSPS has been implemented in
Alexandria and Suez and has extended to five
other cities. Two sectors where added, namely
economy and infrastructure and in Rosetta an
additional sector – Heritage - was further
required. More importantly, the RUSPS has been
adapted to a variety of needs and served many
national programmes and projects.
Egyptian
cities
are
confronted in the new
Millennium with problem
of accommodating the
apparently rapid growing
populations in cities and
providing
them
with
tenure, infrastructure and
shelter while ensuring
sustainability as well as
enhancing
economic
growth.
As part of our drive to address this crisis, UNHABITAT is working with the executive committee
of the European Union (EU) and other partners to
support sustainable development around the world.
Given the urgent and diverse needs, the agency
found it necessary to developing a tool for rapid
assessment to guide immediate, mid and long term
interventions. In 2004, UN-HABITAT’s Regional
Office for Africa and Arab States took the initiative
to develop the approach further for application in
over 24 countries. This was achieved in
collaboration with many departments within the
agency The implementation of the RUSPS was
supported by the governments of Italy, Belgium and
Netherlands as well as Cities Allianace, WB and
GTZ in Egypt.
The idea behind RUSPS is to help formulate urban
poverty reduction policies at the local, national and
regional levels through rapid, participatory, cross
cutting, holistic and action oriented assessment of
needs. RUSPS initially addressed four main themes
governance, slums, gender and environment. It seeks
to build a national profile and three city profiles.
I wish to acknowledge the contribution of the
team in Nairobi with the leadership of Dr.
Mohamed El-Sioufi, the efforts of Dr. Ali ElFaramawy, UN-HABITAT Programme Manager
in Egypt, and Dr. Hazem El-Koeidy, Chairman of
the General Organization for Physical Planning.
Furthermore, I wish to thank the local team of
experts implementing and adapting the RUSPS in
Egypt, namely, Dr. Ghada Farouk, Dr. Mohab ElRefaei, Dr. Hebatallah Abou El-Fadl, Dr. Mostafa
Madbouly, Dr. Doaa El-Sherif, Dr. Hassanein
Abou Zied, Dr. Abdel Waab Helmy, and Dr.
Mohamed Eid as well as the many planners,
architects and engineers supporting the team.
I would like to wish the Ministry of Housing,
Utilities and Urban Development and all who
have participated in and supported this initiative
success in implementing the various programmes
that were based on the RUSPS method. I am also
looking forward to supporting further efforts in
the development of Egypt’s urban sector.
Anna K. Tibaijuka
Under Secretary General of the United Nations,
and
Executive Director UN-HABITAT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MENIA PROFILE – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ….………… 2
MENIA PROFILE – INTRODUCTION ……….………..…...3
MENIA PROFILE – BACKGROUND ……….....………...…4
MENIA PROFILE – GOVERNANCE ………………………9
MENIA PROFILE – SLUMS & SHELTER …………..……..11
MENIA PROFILE – GENDER AND HIV/AIDS ........................13
MENIA PROFILE – ENVIRONMENT ......................................15
MENIA PROFILE – BASIC URBAN SERVICES .....................17
MENYA PROFILE – LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ........... 19
PROJECT PROPOSALS
GOVERNANCE ... ..................................................................21
SLUMS & SHELTER ............................................................... 23
GENDER AND HIV/AIDS ....................................................... 25
ENVIRONMENT . ................................................................... 27
BASIC URBAN SERVICES ................................................... 29
LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT .................................. 33
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
MENIA URBAN PROFILE – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
The Rapid Urban Sector Profile for Sustainability
(RUSPS) is an accelerated and action oriented urban
assessment of needs and capacity-building gaps at
the city level. It is currently being implemented in
well over 20 countries in Africa and the Arab States.
RUSPS uses a structured approach where priorities
interventions are agreed upon through consultative
processes. The RUSPS methodology consists of three
phases: (1) a rapid participatory urban profiling, at
national and local levels, focusing on Governance,
Slums, Gender, and HIV/AIDS, Environment and
proposed interventions, and due to the local
conditions the world Bank and the Egyptian
government added two issues of important local
concerns these are: Local Economic Development
and Basic Urban Services; (2) detailed priority
proposals; and (3) project implementation. RUSPS in
Egypt encompasses a national profile, as well as
profiles for Alexandria, Suez, Menia, Baltim, Tanta,
Menouf and Rosetta, each published as a separate
report. This is Menia report and it includes a general
background, a synthesis of the six themes,
Governance, Slums, Gender and HIV/AIDS,
Environment, Local Economic Development, Basic
Urban Services and priority project proposals.
These informal areas are concentrated in the western region
(10 areas) and the southern region (4 areas) within the city.
About 56% of the population in Menia reside in informal
areas. Informal areas cover an area estimated at more than
1.3 km2 in the western region with a population density of
87,000 persons/km2; this is equivalent to five folds of the
average population density. 41% of the informal areas are
located in the southern region where 54% of the total
population of informal areas in the city with a population
density that is equivalent to seven folds of the average
population density. Slums constitute a minor portion (5%)
of informal settlements.
Gender and HIV/AIDS
Menia city is characterized by the establishment of a
Gender Department according to the law 66 / 2003 on the
governorate level. This Department is specialized in
supporting activities and programs oriented to serving the
women issues, and to co-ordinate with different bodies and
societies, particularly, the National Council for Women.
Menia city was careful establish a department International
Co-operation to co-ordinate with the donors and the civil
society foundations. In Menia there are more than 1050
non-governmental organizations working in various fields
serving the community, health, education, environment and
has a vast activity in supporting the gender related issues.
Background
Environment
Lying under the jurisdiction of Menia Governorate,
and following the Local Unit of County and City of
Menia, it is located on the western bank of the river
Nile in Upper Egypt. The city is approximately 247
km away from Cairo with a total are of 11km2.
Governance
The local authority in Menia is well advanced in
partnerships and has succeeded in attracting donor
funding for the various projects around the
Governorate. Many NGOs are implementing projects
in Menia. The governorate was the first to establish a
department of Women’s affairs and a department for
International cooperation. Menia governorate has
been blessed by an active governor who is proactive
and expresses the willingness to improve the city by
enabling partners. A high level of transparency exists
in Menia city.
Slums and Shelter
Menia governorate is considered rural governorates
where 82% of its population live in villages; the total
population is 4.54 million in 1983 according to
(Ministry of Local Development). There are 30
informal areas on the governmental level, where
273,000 (49% of the total of urban population)
persons live. This resulted in Menia governorate
being classified among the top ten governorates with
informal areas. The population of Menia city in 2005
was 210,000 persons 118,000 persons of which
residing in 14 informal areas.
2
Menia City is located on El-Mouhiet drain which suffers
from multiple sources of pollution. Agricultural, industrial
waste as well as raw sewage is disposed off directly in to
the drain. In addition, a number of secondary drains are
flowing into it, carrying extra pollution from other
governorates .
Basic Urban Services
The most important issues facing the city are:
The proportion of leakages in in the drinking water network
is estimated at 37%.
Sanitary services covers most of city but is lacking in most
surrounding villages. The treatment plant does not cover
the amounts of sewage generated in the city..
The absence of an integrated system of solid waste
management with a lack of healthy dump site to get rid of
hazardous wastes after burning.
Use of open back pick-up vehicles to transport individuals
from the city to the surrounding villages, is a threat to the
lives of individuals.
Local Economic Development
The population in Menia is estimated to be 3.8 million , and
the per capita share of the total local domestic product is
4,061 LE (the general Egyptian average is 7,542). Menia
is one of the main agricultural governorates in Egypt as the
agriculture area is estimated to be 6.5% of the total
Egyptian agriculture areas. There are many potential
touristic sites as well as recently established industrial
areas.
INTRODUCTION
The Rapid Urban Sector Profiling for Sustainability
(RUSPS) consists of an accelerated and action-oriented
assessment of urban conditions, focusing on priority needs,
capacity gaps and existing institutional responses at local
and national levels. The purpose of the study is to develop
urban poverty reduction policies at local, national and
regional levels, through an assessment of needs and
response mechanisms, and as a contribution to widerranging implementation of the Millennium Development
Goals. The study is based on analysis of existing data and a
series of interviews with al relevant urban stakeholders,
including local communities and institutions, civil society,
the private sector, development partners, academics and
others. This consultation typically results in a collective
agreement on priorities and their development into
proposed capacity-building and other projects that are all
aimed at urban poverty reduction. RUSPS is being
implemented in well over 20 Africa and Arab countries,
offering an opportunity for comparative regional analysis.
Once completed, this series of studies will provide a
framework for central and local authorities and urban
actors, as well as donors and external support agencies.
RUSPS in Menia
RUSPS in Menia is one of the six similar exercises
conducted in Egypt, beside those in Alexandria, Suez, that
represent medium sized coastal cities, Baltim and Menouf
represent a sample of small cities on the coast and in the
agricultural heartland, Tanta represents a sample of
medium sized Cities in the delta and Rosetta a city where
cultural heritage is vulnerable. Menia is a sample of cities
in the heart of Upper Egypt. Each city is published in a
separate report.
In Menia, many national development projects are being
implemented such as the national rural development
strategies, the national project for developing the western
expansion, and many pro poor and slums projects financed
and directed by NGOs or others where foreign donors are
involved. The aim of RUSPS is to develop options for
formal inter-agency collaboration in order to create a
coordination body integrating a wide range of stakeholders
in a single response mechanism
Methodology
Report structure
RUSPS consists of three phases:
This report consist of :
Phase one consists of rapid profiling of urban conditions
at national and local levels. A representative of small,
medium and large cities are selected to represent wide
range of local conditions and are studied to provide a
representative sample in each country. The analysis
focuses on six themes: Governance, Slums, Gender, and
HIV/AIDS, Environment, Local Economic Development
and Basic Urban Services. Information is collected through
standard interviews and discussions with institutions and
key informants, in order to assess the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the
national and local urban set-ups. The findings are
presented and refined during city and national consultation
workshops and consensus is reached regarding priority
interventions. National and city reports synthesize the
information collected and outline ways forward to reduce
urban poverty through holistic approaches.
1.
A general background of the urban sector in Menia
based on the findings of Menia assessment report, a
desk study, interviews and a city consultation that
was held in Menia in May 2006 (see back cover for
a list of participants in the City Consultation). The
background includes data on administration, urban
planning, economy, informal and private sector,
urban poverty, infrastructure, water. sanitation,
public transport, energy, health and education on
both governmental and city level;
2.
A synthetic assessment of six main areas
Governance, Slums, Gender, and HIV/AIDS,
Environment, Local Economic Development and
Basic Urban Services in terms of the institutional
set-up,
regulatory
framework,
resource
mobilization and performance; this second section
also highlights agreed priorities and includes a list
of identified projects;
3.
The third and last section includes a SWOT
analysis and outlines priority projects proposals for
each theme. The proposals include beneficiaries,
partners, estimated cost, objectives, activities and
outputs.
Phase two builds on the priorities identified through prefeasibility studies and develops detailed capacity building
and capital investment projects.
Phase three implements the projects developed during the
two earlier phases, with an emphasis on skills
development, institutional strengthening and replication.
This report presents the outcomes of RUSPS Phase one at
the local level in Menia.
3
MENIA URBAN PROFILE – INTRODUCTION
The Rapid Urban Sector Profiling For
Sustainability
Location:
MENIA URBAN PROFILE – BACKGROUND
Menia city is located at a distance of 247 km from
Cairo at the intersection of longitude 30’ 45’’ east
and latitude 28’ 05’’ north, west of the River Nile at
the center of Menia governorate.
The city is oversees administratively a number of
villages, from the north of the city of Sammalut at a
distance of 25 km and from the south the city of
Abu-Kurkas at a distance of 20 km. Menia city is
considered as the urban, administrative, touristic and
educational capital of Menia governorate with the
area of 11 square kilometers.
Roads and Entrances:
The city is a linear and runs parallel to the river Nile.
It is bound by the eastern desert road form the east
and the and western desert road from the west. The
city is penetrated by the agricultural road and AlIbrahimeya canal running north-south and by
transversal axis running east-west. the new bridge
axis which connects the west and east river banks
and connects the southern city entrance to the eastern
desert road and the Tella region in the west.
4
City Background
Menia City Divisions:
Menia city represents the capital of northern upper
Egypt which consists of Menia, Fayuom, Bany Sweef
governorates. Menia governorate oversees 9 districts
; each with it city (Menia – Abu-Kurkas – Al Adwa –
Dier Mawwas – Matay – Maghagha – Mallawy –
Bany Mazar – Sammalut).
Menia center has 3 urban groups in addition to the
Menia city (Menia city, New Menia, and extended
rural sector). The Menia city consists of the local unit
of Menia center and seven rural units which are :
Bany Ahmar – Mekka – Dashmir – El-Borgaya –
Nazlet Hussein – Saft El-Khamar – Tookh El-Kheel,
while the city consists of three neighborhoods :
1- The northern neighborhood: Extends from the
beginning of the city in the north (El-Ekhsas region)
until Al-Ezaby street in the south.
2- The southern neighborhood: Extends from AlEzaby street till the end of the city in the south (
Kedwan region).
The western neighborhood: Extends from Shalaby
region in the north until the south of the city (Kafr
Al-Mansoura region) west of the railroad and this
neighborhood is split vertically by Al-Ibrahimeyya
canal.
Menia City Master Plan
The master plan priorities are: conserving agricultural land, delineating neighborhood structure, hierarchy of
service distribution, and making use of interlocking areas in compensating for the weakness of services.
- Proposed urban housing regions
- Phased renewal and replacement
- Raising urban level regions
- Good Housing regions
- Rural regions
- Commercial services center
- Agricultural services center
- Workshops, storage and industrial areas
- Private regions
5
MENIA URBAN PROFILE – BACKGROUND
Master Plan Concept
Demographic indicators:
MENIA URBAN PROFILE – BACKGROUND
Year
Growth
rate
No. of
Inhabitants
1960
100
2.87
1976
146.4
2.37
1986
179
2.03
1996
201.4
1.18
2005
210
2.4
2007
229
4.5
2012
243
1.22
2017
258
1.24
2020
267
1.16
30
No. of inhabitants
1996
28
27
26
25
1976
1986
49,203
216,000
4.39
person/
family
Labor distribution ratio:
•
Industry
•
Agriculture and hunting
•
Building and construction
•
Storage and transportation
•
Commerce
•
Services
51.9%
29
27
Inhab.
Crowd
ness
ratio
2.19
person /
room
Economic indicators and
special activities
30
29
Families
Family
Size
2005
The development of the labor ratio to
the total no. of inhabitants.
Available Investment Fields:
Tourism: Monuments and historical locations from
different ages (Pharonic, Greek, Coptic, Islamic and
modern) in addition to River Nile axis.
Industry: Mining treasures represented in ( Pure
lime stone - hard lime stone – clay stone).
Agriculture: The area of agricultural land reaches
452,000 feddans with the ratio of 6.5% of the
agricultural land in Egypt.
Animal wealth is about 69,000 animal which is about
31% of the total number of animals in the republic.
6
12%
4%
5.6%
9.1%
10.1%
Capital investment in high priority porjects:
The GOPP prepared a structural plan for Menia city
which approved by the Minister of Housing, Utilities
and Urban Communities in year 1997.
The plan:
 Sought to connect the city with the other close
urban communities;
 Outlined methods and directions of urbanism
without affecting the architectural style of the city;
and
 Provided the city with alternating axis between the
regional road (Cairo/Aswan) and the chorniche road.
The GOPP prepared a Master Plan for Menia city
which was approved by the Minister of Housing,
Utilities and Urban Communities by ministerial
decree no. 66 / 1999.
The plan:
 Pointed out the urban cordon and the various land
use and the neighborhoods suggested till the year
2020;
 Pointing out the regions with special properties
(cultural – natural – religious);
 Made use of the internal spaces in the city
urbanism; and
 Pointing out the optimum city volume (city
capacity).
The urban development programs in
the city:
The Menia governorate has constructed a number of
infrastructure projects in the field of electricity,
potable water, roads paving, enhancing performance,
environmental sustaiability and sewage in the 9
Markaz (district) of the governorate with investment
reaching 88,24,000 Egyptian pounds.
In the field of electricity the rapid plan investment
reached 25,070,000 and in potable water 17,481,000
and in paving roads 17,082,000 and in developing
performance 15,742,000 and in environment
12,363,000 and in sewage 502,000 Egyptian pounds.
Description of the local government and
other main partners:
Partners
People’s
council
Local government
NGO’s
Governor
Businessmen /
private sector
City Mayor
Experts
District Chiefs
In the field of water and sewage networks:
The Economic linkages between the
informal settlements and the other
regions.
Constructing 8 water plants in Mallawy, Bany
Maraz, Abu-Kurkas, Sammalut, Menia and Deir
Mawwas.
Replacing, renovation and providing 240 villages
with water networks.
Constructing sewage plants in the centers of AlAdwa, Maghagha, Bany Maraz, Matay, Sammalut,
Menia, Mallawy and Deer Mawwas.
The total investment in water and sewage is about
1,380 million.
Informal areas are considered shelter areaas for for
the poor, e.g. peddlers.
The survey of the informal settelments showed that
there are 55,004 families in Menia city, 922 poor
families live in slums. These represent 8.8% of the
city population.
Abu-Helal region was provided with sewage
networks during the national project for developing
informal settlements with a cost of 15 million
Egyptian pounds. `
In the field of slums:
Providing the regions deprived of services and
Upgradng Eshash Mahfouz area.
Important development programs in
the city
The ongoing development programs in the city are:
 Providing deprived areas with infrastructure.
 Upgrading informal areas.
 Providing job and developing sources of local
income.
7
MENIA URBAN PROFILE – BACKGROUND
The City Strategic Development
Plan:
URBAN GOVERNANCE
Background:
Performance and Responsibility:
MENIA URBAN PROFILE – URBAN GOVERNANCE
Administration structure :
 The governor is employed by the central government.
 The governor recommends the cities and neighborhoods
presidents who are employed according to this
recommendation.
 The executive council of the city is appointed and not
elected
 The members of the people’s council are elected
according to the recommendation of their parties or
independent and in coordination with the security officials.
For the National Party, the recommendation is approved by
the governor.
 The people’s local council is advisory body that
supervises the executive council.
 The city mayor and district chiefs are responsible for
their jurisdiction and they are all appointed by the
governor.
 The plans are reviewed by people’s council (elected) for
approval. Although local administration law indicates that
the people’s council supervises local administration, the
council is weak.
 The constitution guarantees the people’s rights in having
primary services.
 The city lacks a participatory vision for urban
development.
 The published data doesn’t permit performance
evaluation (the budget is not available to private sector.)
 The city local budget data is not shared except with the
people’s council for supervision.
 Independent supervision and check over the local
administration accounting is accomplished by the financial
supervisor at the ministry of Finance annually.
 The local administration is responsible for declaring
underbids.
 There is an office for receiving people’s complains and
the role of the people’s council is more efficient in solving
people’s problems.
Resource Mobilization:
Security and Representation
The local authority works on attracting new independent
resources for carrying out projects. The share of these
independent sources in some cases exceeds 50% of the
project budget.
 Neither the police nor any other local authority publishes
a policy for crime control.
 There is an office responsible for receiving people’s
complains,
 There is negligible representation for women in people’s
councils (0.07%) which is a very small percentage while
the percentage of women voting in the elections is about
40% of the total number of women who have the right to
vote.
The city has various income resources:
Housing Fund:
Sources for the Housing Fund includes selling land and
public property, rent collected form residential units and
agricultural land, buildings taxes.
Services Fund:
Sources for the Services Fund includes fees form
electricity, sanitation, water and hotels which is spent over
youth employment and services and production projects.
Sanitation Fund:
From sanitation fees which are paid with building taxes
which is spent over the field of work of sanitaton
companies.
There are other resources such as those related to the
Butagas Project, bus stops, bread distribution, poultry and
natural gas although some of these projects has stopped.
Privatization of some of the projects lead to the weakness
of the role of the local administration in providing the city
with job.
The data for budgets are unavailable for public except
with a specific permission, thus has made it difficult to
estimate the efficiency of the government in mobilizing
local resources.
9
- The number of employees and workers in
governorate is 16980 (15554 of men with
percentage of 91.6% and 1426 of women with
percentage of 8.4% distributed according to
rank.
the
the
the
job
Institutional Assessment
 There is an efficient Department of Women affairs in the
local authority;
 The is a strong women representation in the local
administration although there is no present mechanism to
guarantee the volume of this representation.
 Women are lesser represented in High ranking jobs
 There is a distinguished role for women in NGO’s and
the National Council for Woman;
 The approval of the people’s council on proposed
projects and the budget is the only entry point for the
participation of civil society in community development
decision making;
 The NGO’s demands the revision of the law to increase
their role in participation.
 All plans are declared in the people’s councils for
opinions before approval.
 Employment takes place through advertising and
competitions.
GOVER
NANCE
N° 1
GOVER
NANCE
N° 2
GOVER
NANCE
N° 3
GOVER
NANCE
Capacity Building and Training
N° 4
Project proposal
page 22
Constructing a data base using GIS for
running the urban mass.
Project proposal
page 22
Building health centers for
neighborhoods
Project proposal
page 22
Programs for qualifying the
administration employees for
participation with NGOs and the
private sector
Project proposal
page 22
Agricultural services building project
 The weakness of abilities and performance as a result of
weak salaries and the lack of motivation.
 The local administration always declares the importance
of participation.
 The lack of equipment and programs to assess the
administration.
 There is a gap in collecting fees because the law has
stopped any action against not paying the fees.
 The actual budget represents 51% from the total expected
income.
Menia city president
Urban
planning
Housing
Engineering
admin.
Public
relations
Supervision
and planning
admin.
Environmental
affairs
Law
Information
center
City vice president
Engineering admin. subdivisions
Property
Utilities
Women
affairs
Public works
Local unit general secretary
Safe
Deaths
Births
Working and
administrative affairs
Storage
Housing & Rents
Purchases
Contracts
10
MENIA URBAN PROFILE – SLUMS & SHELTER
SLUMS & SHELTER
THE SECURITY OF TENURE
Menia governorate is considered a rural governorate
where 82% of its population lives in villages. The total
population is 4.54 million according to the survey carried
out by the Ministry of Local Development in 1993. There
are 30 informal areas on the governmental level, where
273,000 (49% of the total of urban population) persons are
living. This has categorizing Menia governorate among
the top ten governorates with informal areas. According to
the census, Menia city in 2005 was 210,000 persons with
about 118,000 persons residing 14 informal areas in the
governorate. These areas are concentrated in the western
region (10 areas) and the southern region (4 areas) in the
city. About 56% of populations in Menia reside in an
informal areas. Informal areas in the western region cover
more than 1.3 km2 with population density of 87,000
person/km2 that is equivalent to 5 fold of the average
population density. 41% of the informal areas are located
in the southern region where 54% of the total population
of live in informal areas in the city with a population
density that is equivalent to 7 fold of the average
population density.
•
Informal settlements encroached over both agricultural
and desert land in Menia. These settlements have
acquired a diversity of shapes and patterns according to
the ownership patter of land they transgressed. Although
this massive illegal activity has been going on for the
past 30 years, the resident population in these area feel
secure and are reluctant to legalize their land and
housing units.
• The government provided alternative housing units for
people evacuated for the ‘public good’; the most recent
was the evacuation of residence to build a bridge over
the Nile. The alternative housing units are leased with
where fees are minimal and paid annually.
• The city Master Plan does not allocate land for the poor
people or those of no income.
• Data about the distribution of informal settlements helps
identify their needs and consequently is an asset to
devising response mechanisms.
BEST PRACTICE
Egyptian family development
With the support of USAID, the local administration
undertook a housing social survey to assess the
situation of poor families.
The survey included questions that assessed the
standards of living for population. Multiple
questionnaires were used to determine the distributions
of poor families in the region in July 2005.
The survey showed that in Menia city there are 55,004
families, among them 922 poor families (8.8%) of the
population resided in scattered informal areas.
The survey also showed that 15.4% live in shacks
distributed in 8 areas and that 104,141 individuals live
in areas exposed to floods, and about 18,893
individuals live under or near the high voltage cables.
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
• There is no legislation that allows selling state-owned
lands to the people who control it after the issuing of
law 31 / 1984; since that date the controller is a
‘transgressor’ on state-owned land.
• Eviction for some people was carried out to construct
Menia bridge and temporary housings were provided for
the people.
• There is a common trend towards developing scattered
areas. The Prime Minister has issued three resolutions to
organize the transfer of ownership in the scattered areas,
the most prominent of which was the resolution number
1558 that contributes to the processes of clearing and
upgrading an area for the ‘public good’.
• There is an authorized master plan for Menia city. The
mater plan outlines all land uses for the city, yet to-date
there is no detailed plans to implement the master plan.
• The local authority encourages developing the scattered
areas by providing resources and facilities. These
activities are ongoing now.
11
ABU-HILAL REGION
According to the census, 66.723 individual live in
informal areas in the Abu Hilal region. This region
covers an area of 1.5 km2. It includes 4 primary
schools and a secondary school.
This region is considered one of the poorest regions in
Menia. There, the unemployment is high, water and
sewage networks were provided by the national project
for upgrading informal settlements with costs of 15
million EGYP, yet, the area still suffers weak supply of
water and that it does not, due to low pressure, reach
upper floors. And finally the area suffers from
accumulation of solid waste and general deterioration
in health due to absence of medical facilities in the
Abu-Helal area.
RESOURCE MOBILIZATION
• Supplying public utilities, i.e. water, electricity, paving
and lighting roads, are the priorities for upgrading
informal area of Menia; these are funded by the
emergency fund.
• The city finances the provision of health and education
from the national budget.
• Although there is abundance in schools in some
informal areas yet most still suffer dropout form
education, shortage in medical services, and limited
presence of security. This threatens the prevalence of
social ills and high rate of crime especially under
increasing poverty and rising rate of unemployment.
• Resources that finance development projects are varied.
These sources include: national budget, donors, Social
fund for Development, and religious societies like
(Caritas).
• There are 7 non-governmental organizations that work
in Abu Hilal, their efforts are restricted to giving out
monetary aids and undertaking medical campaigns.
Several organizations look after women lead households
(about 25% of families).
• The nonexistence of official documents, e.g. birth
certificates and marriage licenses, is a phenomena in
poor areas and is one of the most important obstacles
facing the poor in accessing loans.
• `Ishash Mahfuz area is considered one of the dangerous
regions due to deterioration in social and economic
conditions, absence of security, the wide spread of
crimes, extreme poverty, unemployment and child labor.
Patterns for informal areas
First pattern: The non-official extension of
housing over arable lands. Internal migration
resulting in housing extension in neighboring
villages that end up being a part of the city. An
example can be seen in Ezbat Wakid.
Second pattern: Public housing projects that
were built in the fifties and sixties, were not
maintained and random extensions in the form of
rooms and balconies to meet the requirements of
tenants has resulted in a general deterioration of
the buildings. This pattern can be found in Abu
Hilal area and Al-Salakhaana at the south of
Menia. This pattern represents about 35% of
housing in the city.
Third pattern: These are the buildings built as
urgent housing for earth quake survivors. These
are 20m2 units residing in 6 story buildings with a
common bathroom at the end of each floor. There
are 24 urgent buildings in Menia. In most cases
the unit is inhabited by an extended family. This
pattern includes about 21% of the population of
the city.
Fourth pattern: That are also shacks that house
8.5% of population. Most famous of which is
Ishash Mahfuz in Abu Hilal area.
INSTITUTIONAL SETUP AND
BUILDING CAPACITY
• Both the government and Social Fund for Development
co-operate in the upgrading of informal settelments.
• Local administration encourages co-operation with
donor and international bodies to develop informal
areas. Development activities are ongoing in informal
areas in the western region through a Swiss donation
while USAID contributes to providing the utilities
network in the city.
• Several societies work in informal areas with no
mechanism to coordinate between them.
• There have been several training sessions sponsored by
the ministry of Local development in SAQARA. These
were found to be ineffective. local stakeholders have
identified their training needs as follows:
o strengthening the community participation,
o Providing information technology, and
o
developing the skills of NGOs.
AGREED PRIORITIES
•
•
•
•
Including the needs of the low income in
plans and policies;
Secure tenure;
Providing the suitable shelter; and
Mobilizing resources.
SLUMS
N° 1
12
Project proposal
page 24
Relocation and re-use of Ashash
Mahfouz and Medinat Al-Omal
GENDER AND HIV/AIDS
ACCOUNTABILITY AND
INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP
MENIA URBAN PROFILE – GENDER AND HIV/AIDS
Menia city is characterized by the establishment of a
special department for women affairs according to law 66 /
2003 in governorate. This department is required to support
activities and programs that address woman issues, and to
co-ordinate with different societies and the National
Council for Women.
With the abundance of donor assistance, Menia city was
careful to establish a department for International Cooperation to co-ordinate with donor and civil society. There
are more than 1050 non-governmental organizations
working in Menia serving communities in health,
education, and environmental sectors as well as activities
that respond to gender related issues.
The rate of illiteracy at Menia city is 34%, this percentage
increases in informal areas as there is a high rate of school
dropout and increasing child labor.
BEST PRACTICE
Branch of High National Council of
Women at Menya
• Facilitating access to personal identification
papers, electoral cards and the national number
card by coordination with and between the
concerned national authorities. Many organization
have contributed to this achievement, these are:
Jesuits, Frere, Salama Musa Foundation, and the
Italian-Egyptian co-operation bureau. These
organizations have succeeded in issuing 18,000
Personal ids, 34,000 electoral cards for females in
the governorate.
• Inauguration of 56 classes for eradication of
illiteracy delivered in women clubs and 18 classes
delivered at health units.
• A revolving fund to support economically women
lead households were extends to 93 families .
• Medical convoys in specialized in pediatrics and
gynecology visited many governorate villages.
THE POLICY AND REGULATORY
FRAMEWORK
• many policies that support women are carried out by
central government, particularly, through the National
Center for Women at Menia. This branch observes, and
evaluates the development policies within the governorate,
and raises monthly reports to the secretariat in the central
national center about the information, data, and issues that
are identified in the governorate as well as gives advice on
how to resolve them.
• The Department of Woman’s Affairs and the branch of
the National Center for Women unit all local government
and
non-governmental
organization
towards
comprehensive development and improving performance
by emphasizing effective social participation.
13
• The procedures adopted to maintain security and
reduce the accidents of rape in homes and public places
are accomplished through educating the public on the
importance of women in the society, spreading
religious awareness, lighting all streets and roads, and
improving the performance of policemen.
• The authorities that receive and respond to complaints
of violence are the Family Court, Consultation and
Guidance Bureaus .
• The decrease in sensitivity concerning violence against
woman is due to the complexity of the dogmatic social
pressures and the cultural legacy.
• Some customs contribute to the bias against woman,
e.g. the desire to beget males.
• The local administration, through the department of
women affairs, co-ordinates between all authorities and
foundations of civil society to execute A specialized
gender program. Their achievements are:
– Co-operation with the authority for eradication of
illiteracy and educating the senior succeeded in
eradicating the illiteracy of 3,171 students (65%) and
about 400 additional class were opened.
– Co-operation with woman secretariat in the national
party by holding health awareness seminars .
– Co-operation with the Directorate of Culture, the
National Council for Woman, and the secretariat of the
National Party in holding seminars on the importance
of the political participation of woman.
AWARENESS and EMPOWERMENT
• Mobilizing the Society of Egyptian Women to support
and strengthen woman affairs.
• Facilitating and encouraging woman to issue electoral
cards to participate in the political arena.
• The representation of woman is limited to the popular
council of the governorate, there are only two
representative. The number of women representatives
ahs increases in the local councils.
• The Department of Woman Affairs effort is financed
through a non-governmental organization affiliated to
the Egypt Society for Women
• A periodical that promotes gender issues an women
affairs exists. The periodical called the “ The voice of
women”, is supported by other local radio channels.
• There is an Department for the International Cooperation that co-ordinates international efforts and
donor bodies in the fields of developments.
AGREED PRIORITIES
• Including the issues of gender in the plans for
development
• Activating the role of edification programs
• Facilitating procedures for credits
• Supporting the resources of income for the poor
woman
• A guarantee for representation in popular
councils and leading ranks
• Providing and supporting the convenient
facilities
Woman and Labor
In Menia, women occupy about 20% of leading
jobs, and occupy about 34% of the rest jobs at the
governmental level.
BUILDING CAPACITY & TRAINING
• The branch of National Council for Woman cocoordinated with of the Department of Women’s
Affairs in the Arab League as well as the Red Crescent
to hold various trainings sessions:
–
–
–
However, the percentage of women working in the
business sectors that are not recorded, e.g.
selling food and the non-official activities, are not
counted. There is a very high percentage of
women (about 50%) working in informal areas.
The percentage of families that are lead by
women reaches 20% to 25% of families.
Training in social development fields and
first aid;
Training in computer and English
language for girls; and
Training for social specialists, nurses,
doctors.
National rate
of poverty
• Among the obstacles that confront women is the
weakness in project management skills and in
rehabilitation;
• Bing together women into an effective political forum is
a main obstacle;
• The absence of official documents, the prevalence of
common marriages (Orfy), non registered persons, no
guarantees that enable women for applying for loans;
• Customs and traditions that belittle woman hinder her
progress
• violence against women goes un declared in many cases.
This is due to the social and cultural sensitivities and
stigma associated with the incident.
Assyout %52
Al-Monoufya%19
Cairo%2
21 Menia%
Rate of Poverty in Governorate
2000-1999
GENDER
HIV/AIDS
N° 1
14
Project proposal
page 26
Center for educating and training
handicaps
THE ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
Legislative Framework
 The city of Menia is located on El-Mouhiet
agricultural drain. This drain suffers from multiple
pollution sources. Agricultural and industrial waste
are disposed into the drain as well as direct raw
sewage. In addition, a number of secondary
drainages flow into El-Mouhiet drain, carrying extra
pollution from other governorates.
 Menia Governorate is currently exerting efforts to
address sewage problem in order to cover all cities
by the end of 2006. The completion of such project
will decrease pollution rates and consequently
decrease the spread of diseases.
 Menia Governorate developed many activities to
improve solid waste (SW) service. However, some
coordination is still needed to achieve an integrated
SW management system.
• Law 4/1994 and it’s executive act are the current
legislative framework for addressing environmental
issues.
• The law is implemented by filing citations and
collecting fines.
• The law is not sufficient. The slow court
procedures and the time taken to finalizing
environmental cases usually delays fines collection.
• Collected fines go directly to the central fund for
environmental preservation in EEAA in Cairo.
• Only 4 EMU officials have legal enforcement
authority. These four are requested to perform
inspection work in nine (Marakez) with their
affiliated villages. The lack of personnel is one of
the main obstacles confronting Menia EMU work.
MENIA URBAN PROFILE - ENVIRONMENT
Urban Environment Issues
Main issues at Menia Governorate
level:
• Water contamination of El-Mouhiet drainage is a
result of direct disposal of sewage, agricultural and
industrial waste.
• Lack of sewage disposal service in five cities
(Samaloot, Beni-Mazar, Matay, Magaga, Malawi).
Sewage projects in the five cities are currently under
construction by Menia governorate.
• Lack of sewage disposal service in all governorate
villages. These villages either drain directly to ElMouhiet drainage, or to underground water. Drinking
water is possibly withdraw from underground water
by pumps thus representing a serious health threat.
• High rates of diseases spread due to pollution,
especially liver and kidney diseases.
Main issues at Menia city level:
• Shortage in current sewage treatment plants.
• Deterioration of the composting plant east of Menia
city, and the need for its rehabilitation.
• Lack of a well designed landfill for the disposal of
burned medical waste.
• Deterioration of drinking water networks in some
low income areas, besides water contamination and
weak pressure.
• Underground water elevation is becoming very
high possibly due to disposal of sanitation.
• The existence of four environmentally deteriorated
informal settlements. They need to be completely
rebuilt, especially the area of Mahfouz shacks which
was originally built without any foundations and
could collapse any time.
• Air pollution in the eastern part of Menia city due
to the existence of stone breakers.
15
Best Practices
Menia Governorate efforts in the
field of environmental protection
 Environmental issues are mainstreamed in
development plans and projects. Menia is considered
one of the leading Governorates in environmental
protection.
 Establishment of a union of community associations
working in the environmental field.
 Menia environmental profile is currently finalized
with support from DANIDA. Environmental Action
plan for Menia Governorate will be the next step based
on the profile.
 Filling ponds and pool sites and establishing
environmental projects instead public parks.
 Establish a number of sewage disposal plants to cover
un-serviced cities.
 Menia Governorate has the capability to cooperate
with donor agencies such as Coptic Organization (Ceoss
NGO), Swiss Egyptian Fund, Regional Union of NGOs
and Italian Development Cooperation.
 An integrated solid waste management project was
developed covering east Mania as a pilot project.
Resource Mobilization
Institutional Support
• acknowledging the importance of the environment
and its economic implications, the local authority
mainstreamed environmental issues in city
development strategies.
• Menia EMU coordinates with donor agencies, with
EMU officials at city & village levels and with
EEAA in Cairo.
• Menia
EMU
is
continuously
inspecting
establishments and follows up on their compliance
and undertakes environmental impact assessments
(EIA).
• Menia EMU also has a monitoring role, it gives
licenses
and
coordinates
with
concerned
organizations and authorities, e.g. water surface
police. In addition, it identifies and addresses
environmental issues at Governorate level.
• Menia EMU cooperates with local community
associations working in the field of environment,
specially in raising environmental awareness. One of
the main obstacles facing EMU is the resistance of
residents to environmental improvement.
Capacity Building & Training
Current
activities
building & training:
for
capacity
• Current training activities are organized by EEAA
in different specializations.
• A number of workshops and seminars,
implemented by community associations, focus on
participation.
• Some donor agencies provide capacity building
donations such as SEAM project and DANIDA
under EEAA supervision.
• National planning center provides training support
under Menia Governorate supervision.
Key Requirements
Building:
for
Capacity
•There’s a need for training especially in the
following topics:
• Train EMU staff to be qualified in the
application of law 4 / 1994.
• Training on urban environmental planning
and management.
• Adjustment with laws and systems.
• Framework for environmental policy and
decision making.
• There’s also a need for measurement instruments
and equipments which help in implementing
environmental policies.
• Being a coordinating & monitoring unit and not an
implementing unit, there is no budget allocated for
Menia Environmental Management Unit (EMU).
• Menia governorate provides the EMU with part of
the needed equipments such as cars and furniture,
etc., and Environmental Egyptian Affairs Agency
(EEAA) provides the EMU with needed computers
and measurement equipments.
• Mobilization of resources for environmental
projects comes from: Governorate Services Fund,
Sherouk Project, Emergency Plan, Social Fund for
Development, and Donor agencies.
AGREED PRIORITIES
• Support
decentralization of environmental
management, and develop institutional setup of
Menia environmental management unit (EMU).
• Develop inspection procedures and increase the
number of qualified officials.
• Support cooperation with local community
associations’ in the environmental field.
• Establish data base for environmental citations
and fines.
• Support Menia EMU financially and provide it
with essential equipments.
• Develop effective financial mechanisms to
mobilize finance at the local level. This should
include mobilization of businessmen &
community associations to participate.
• Support cooperation between governorate and
foreign donor agencies.
• Developing training programs for Menia EMU
officials to raise their performance.
• Support raising awareness programs for
inhabitants.
• Completion of sewerage disposal network to
minimize pollution.
ENVIRONMENT
Project proposal
N° 1
Establish an integrated solid waste
management system, which includes
recycling activities in each (Markaz)
especially
plastic
materials.
In
addition, a sorting transition station is
needed.
16
page 28
BASIC URBAN SERVICES (BUS)
THE INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP
Drainage facilities are the most important issues
facing the city of Minya. Although the city is almost
covered with a sewage network, the treatment of the
output needs to be addressed. The output today is
partially treated and is dumped into drains. The city’s
human waste will soon be disposed through the
newly planned sewerage farm outside the city (26
km) where sewage is treated and directed to newly
planned wood forests in the vicinity of the farm.
•
MENIA URBAN PROFILE – BASIC URBAN SERVICES
In addition, an operational solid waste plant converts
garbage into fertilizer.
After starting the water station in Kedwan, water
service is expected to cover the entire city except for
some poor areas south of the neighborhood..
Provision of basic urban services
The most important issues facing the city :
 The proportion of leakages in in the drinking water
network is estimated at 37%.
 Sanitary services covers most of city but is lacking
in most surrounding villages. The treatment plant
does not cover the amounts of sewage generated in
the city..
 The absence of an integrated system of solid waste
management with a lack of healthy dump site to get
rid of hazardous wastes after burning.
 Use of open back pick-up vehicles to transport
individuals from the city to the surrounding villages,
is a threat to the lives of individuals.
BEST PRACTICE
Maintenance of water networks
The USAID survey of the City Menia has
produced drinking water and drainage maps.
The improved water supply in the last five
years has turned citizens away form polluted
artesian wells and as a result, has led to the
improvement of the health of citizens and the
reduction of the proportion of salt
(manganese) in the water. Street networks
have been changed for the past year in the
city of Menia. Re-habilitating the system
includes upgrading rooms, sewage lines and
water stations, in addition to the use of
modern equipment that is able to detect
breaks or defects in the network
17
•
•
The central government encourages the slum
upgrading service delivery facilities.
Support from the General Authority for Drinking
Water and Sanitation.
There is some support from foreign investors and
partnerships (formerly the Islamic Relief and the
Canadian Aid) to construct or upgrade basic
service facilities.
Sources of resource mobilization
• There are a series of projects that will generate
income of the unit of local projects such as the
markets, bakeries and microbus transportation.
These provide fund that help provide city services.
• The state budget and the investment plan of the
government.
• Grants and foreign aid .
AGREED PRIORITIES
 Supply of sewerage networks and
increasing the capacity of treatment
plants;
 Establishment of a system of integrated
solid waste management;
 Reduce high traffic densities and
treatment of dangerous crossings of roads
and railways within the city;
 Mobilize new partnerships to increase
support;
 Raising the efficiency of departments
concerned with the provision of services in
the planning and implementation methods;
and
Capacity Building and Training
Training sessions has been going on at the
headquarters of the Ministry of Local Development.
Training includes training engineers on the best way
to upgrade services and training on laws and
regulations as well as support local authorities with
computer equipment.
Training needs priorities in Menya are as follows :
• Need for training programs for civil organizations.
• Preparation of cadres trained in facilities
management and maintenance.
• Support equipment and spare parts .
 Raising the efficiency of workers and
professionals and he supply of equipment
and tools necessary.
BUS
N° 1
BUS
N° 2
Project proposal
Page 30
Training
institutions
and
local
government to increase efficiency and
improve services to supply the
necessary facilities.
Project proposal
Page 30
Project for the collection and disposal
of solid waste.
BUS
Project proposal
N° 3
Upgrading links to the desert road
leading west and east
BUS
Project proposal
N° 4
Bridge replacement work for Nile
bridge
BUS
N° 5
18
Project proposal
Page 31
Page 31
Page 32
Replacement of current, open small
pickups to more safe methods for
transport between villages.
MENIA URBAN PROFILE – LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The population in Menia is estimated to be 3.8
million, and the per capita share of the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) is 4,061 L.E. The general
Egyptian average is 7,542. Menia is one of the
important agriculture governorates in Egypt as the
agriculture area is estimated to be 6.5% of the total
agriculture areas in Egypt. There are many potential
tourist sites as well as recently established industrial
areas.
LOCAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
ISSUES
 During the last five years, job opportunities have
been deteriorating. In addition, early pension (60
years) prevents a significant numbers of the capable
form working.
 The governorate, and the Social Fund for
Development as well as investor association are th
main economic actors in Menia. The turn over of
loans and the investments enabled by these loans are
the means for income generation.
LOCAL ECONOMY DYNAMICS
 Several dispersed cities and towns have high
tourist potential. The sites characterise the variety
of civilizations across time including Pharonic,
Roman, Greek, Coptic, and Moslem. Menia
governorate is the third after Giza and Luxor in
tourism potential as well as the importance of
existing monuments.
 Available natural resources found in Menia are
fertile soil providing the agricultural base,
minerals extracted from the various mines.
 An industrial area has been established on eastern
bank of the Nile opposite to Menia city. The
industrial area presents a potential to be further
utilized.
 There is a strategy for the local economy
development. The sees itself responsible for that
strategy that is basically based on an enabling
policy that seeks and supports partnerships in
cooperation with governmental and private
economic and financial institutions.
 The percent of the bankrupt enterprises is very
high in Menia. The main reasons behind this
trend is: (1) the low prices of eastern Asia
products introduced in the market, (2) instability
of laws, (3) weak finance offered by commercial
banks, (4) The local units and the governorate
don’t promote buying local products although the
governmental Services Act stipulates that all
governmental purchases should be made from
local factories .
 The unavailability of good transportation and
road network, scarce job opportunities, limited
soft loans are the economic problems facing
Menia governorate in general and the city
particularly.
19
CURRENT PROGRAMS
•
•
•
To promote local economic, the Governorate
depends on the state budget and the local
resources development, NGOs depend on foreign
grants, the private sector depends on its private
capital, and special institutions depend on a mix
of government and donor finance, e.g. the social
fund for development depends on the grants from
the states and donor, as well as lending institutes
subsidized by the state.
Loans offered by the Social fund for
development to promote micro, small and
medium enterprises is the only program offered
to develop jobs. Through the SFD, donor
contribute financially.
Obstacles facing the poor to access jobs are
illiteracy, dropping out-of school, very limited
guarantees and lack of market skills to get loans
from financial institutions for setting up projects
that generate income. Prevailed social traditions
further limit women’s ability to seek work.
INSTITUTIONAL SETUP
CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING
•
•
•
•
The partnership between the governorate, the
private sector, and the social fund for
development establishes industrial incubators to
generate job opportunities for fresh graduates. In
this program the governorate establishes the unit,
the investors association chooses the type of
industry to be implemented according to market
needs, shortage in labor, available raw material
and the economic feasibility of project proposed.
Youth are then chosen for technical capacity
upgrading and
training in financial and
administrative operations including computer and
language literacy in addition to the practical
training of youth in a factory (4 months). Upon
successful completion of the training program,
youth are supported to access the loan from the
social fund for development to set up the new
project .
Cooperation protocols exist between the investors
association and the Canadian International
Development Agency (CIDA) to financially
support factories and oversee the feasibility
studies and provide assistance in marketing .
Cooperation protocols also exist between non
governmental organizations, the private sector
and the social fund for development to undertake
workshops,
conferences,
consolidating
partnerships and coordinating between local
organizations in the development field.
The private sector enjoys CIDA support for
providing technical support services, solving legal
and administrative problems, finding a base for
the domestic and foreign markets through
specialized units that cooperate with local
associations .
The SDF offers training and institutional support
to institutions and authorities that deal with SDF
in order to promote and enhance these bodies and
train people how to manage enterprises and
projects.
•
AGREED PRIORITIES
 Strengthening and duplicating HurghadaMenia road will enhance the economic
development in Menia;
 Setting up training centers specialized for
training technical and vocational workers to meet
labor market requirements.
 Set-up industrial waste network in the industrial
area will attract investment to Menia and protect
the environment.
LED
N° 1
LED
N° 2
20
Project proposal
page 34
Strengthening and duplicating
Hurghada - Menia road.
Project proposal
page 34
Setting
up
training
centers
specialized for training technical
and vocational workers .
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
RESOURCE MOBILISATION
 There is an
specialized
department in
urban planning in
the local
administration.
 There are special
sources of income
for the local
administration.
 The local administration is
constrained and under
supervision of the central
government in the budget.
 Local authority competes
with private sector in income
generating projects.
 halting some of the local
projects.
 The local
administration is
very good at
collecting fees and
taxes
 The presence of
self sustained
projects (butagas,
poultry, and natural
gas)
 The is no active
encouragement by local
administration for the private
projects that provides extra
income.
PROJECT PROPOSALS– GOVERNANCE
PERFORMANCE & RESPONSIBILITY
 The city mayor is employed
 There is a
by the governor and is thus
department
responsible to him;
dedicated to
Funding is central from the
people’s
government;
complains.
These is no distinguishable
 The presence of budget planning for distribution
cooperation
of funds over the development
between the
fields except for the planning
of the central government.
central
The over supervision by the
government and
the local councils. ministry of finance and the
people’s council strains the
flexibility of local
administration.
The weakness of the local
administration in addressing
people’s needs.
 The efficiency of
responding to
complains by the
local
administration.
Encouraging
NGOs to
participate in
planning and local
funding of
projects.
 The comparison of the
yearly budgets doesn’t take
place making it difficult to
following how needs affect
budgeting by local
administration.
ALLEVIATING POVERTY & SOCIAL STANDARD
 The efficiency of  The lack of efficiency of
receiving and
participation in discussing the
potentially solving budget.
people’s
problems.
 The presence of
strong women
representation in
the local
administration.
 The weakness of the local
credit institutions in
generating credit for poor
area.
INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT
 The presence of
large number of
NGO’s working
on training
employees
 The presence of
a department of
housing with a
clear urban plan
that works on
distributing
service equitably
to different
regions.
 The budgets distribution is
central and is not decided upon
by the needs of development.
 The presence of transparency
in discussing projects but not in
the implementation.
 The participatory
planning on the
level of projects
between the
executive
government and
the central
administration.
 The lack of a master plan
that indicates funding sources
for proposed projects.
 The continued lack of
participation by the local
community in planning.
CAPACITY BUILDING & TRAINING
 Increasing the
role of the NGO’s
in training.
 There is no local assessment
in the fields of improving the
abilities of the local
administration employees.
 The presence of some
programs provided by the civil
society institutions in training.
21
Priorities
N° 1
Project proposal
Constructing a data base using GIS for
running the city.
GOVER
NANCE
N° 2
Project proposal
Programs
for
qualifying
local
administration
employees
to
participate with NGOs and the private
sector
Location: Menia city / City council
Location: Menia city / City council
Duration: 12 months
Duration: 6 months
Implementing partners: Urban planning
departments in the governorate, GOPP,
Private sector , and UN-Habitat.
Implementing partners: Governorate,
Menia city council, Ministry of local
development, private sector, NGOs.
Expected cost: 150,000 US Dollars.
Expected cost: 30,000 US Dollars.
Background: The absence of an urban
administration capable of dealing with
informal settlements and continuous
increase in city volume.
Background: There is a general weakness
by the local administration employees in
participatory planning and problems in
dealing with several stakeholders.
Objectives: Improve urban management in
Menia.
Objectives: Improving employees skills to
deal with participation.
Activities: Precise urban survey for the city,
renewal of survey maps, preparing GIS
maps for different sectors, training of
planning department.
Activities: Identifying employees to be
trained, preparing training programs,
preparing exercise programs for trainees.
Required Staff: General
survey team, GIS officials.
coordinator,
Required Staff: General
specialized trainers.
22
coordinator,
PROJECT PROPOSALS– GOVERNANCE
GOVER
NANCE
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Priorities
REGULATORY FRAMWORK and INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP –Slum upgrading strategies
PROJECT PROPOSALS– SLUMS & SHELTER
• Local authority
encourages slums
upgrading through
the provision of
infrastructure, and
services,
• slums relocation
with the provision of
alternative housing
or monetary
compensation
• update urban and
social surveys
providing local
information on
informal settlement
issues
• Multiple agencies
are upgrading
informal areas in
Menia
• Overlaps, conflicts
of plots ownership
and the lack of
documents are
problems facing land
management
• Insufficient building
capacity and training
programs
• There is no strategic
plan providing
special areas for
poor
• There is no
coordination
between multiple
efforts of slum
upgrading
• Opportunity to
collaborate different
efforts for slum
upgrading
• Lack of slum
• Slum upgrading
upgrading strategy
strategy, within
leads to loose
comprehensive
multiple nondevelopment strategy
cooperated efforts
for Menya city
• Failure in urban
management and
• Updating Slum
coordination may
information and maps
occur due to
inadequate skills and
lack of training on
issues facing
informal settlements
and slums
RESOURCE MOBILISATION – Economic development
• Policies support
• Although many
women lead
development
households to obtain
programs are
residential units and
addressing slum
to receive financial
areas, there is no
supports and credit
strategy for
• Partnerships between development that
gathers this in a
NGOs and charity
unified efforts.
agencies in
upgrading projects
• USAID funded
drinking water and
sanitary network at
slum area
• Opportunities for
• Informal settlements
income generation
and slums are
and improving local
vulnerable areas that
economy through
may cause a
establishing
catastrophe if they
transverse road
are not treated or
joining Red Sea
relocated.
Region with Siwa
passing through
Menia
• Opportunity to
mobilize resource for
slum upgrading:
(NGOs, international
Donors, local funds)
• Local economic
development
SLUM UPGRADING
• Many projects slum • More than 49% of
• Adequate needs
• Unexpected
upgrading are funded population lives in
assessments for
demographic
by international
slum areas allover
slums areas
changes may occur
cooperation
the governorate
due to national and
• Possibilities for
regional plans
• All informal
• About 36,000
investment attracted
settlements and
persons are living in
to Menia due to
• Crimes and illegal
slums in Menia are
vulnerable areas in
national and regional status of dwellers
covered by drinking
the N-W part of the
development plans
ensure social
water and sanitary
city.
marginalization
network
• many social and
• Upgrading vision of
• Presence of areas
economic problems
local authority is
available for
facing informal area
limited upon
extensions
dwellers in some
infrastructure
pockets.
accessibility
• Lack of areas for low
income dwellers in
extension plans for
the city.
23
• Coordinate
interventions in
informal settlements
and slum.
Project proposal
N° 1
Relocation and re-use of Eshash
Mhfouz and Medinat El-Omal
PROJECT PROPOSALS – SLUMS
SLUMS
LOCATION: Medinat Abou Hellal
DURATION: 24 months
BENEFICIARIES: Abou Hellal dwellers and the
informal sector
IMPLEMENTED PARTNERS:
Abou Hellal
dwellers and related NGOs, Directorate of Local
Development, local institutions, Social Development
Funds,
ESTIMATED COST : US$ 230 000 (assessment
phase)
BACKGROUND: The southern district contains
the largest numbers of slums (10 slums). These ten
areas cover a total area of 1.3 square kilometer with a
residential density of 87,000 persons per square
kilometer which is 5 times the average residential
density in the city. Many social-economic problems
facing slum dwellers in some pockets such as Eshash
Mahfouz and Medinat El-Omal.
Lack of areas for low income dwellers in the plans of
extension of the city cooperate in the complexity of
low income dwellers. Moreover, the relocation of
this pockets may eliminate crimes.
PROJECT PROPOSALS
OBJECTIVES: Improving living condition for those
living in Eshash Mahfouz and Medinat El-Omal; their
relocation to another place that provides suitable
living condition in stable buildings. On the other
hand, better use of vacated areas to cost recovery.
ACTIVITIES: (1) current surveys of household
numbers and types, (2) suitability analysis of
available site, (3) planning for remaining site, (4)
feasibility
studies,
(5)
costing,
and
(6)
implementation.
OUTPUTS: economic upgrading of slums, reduction
of poverty, elimination of crimes, transformation of
informal settlement sector into formal.
STAFF REQUIERED: NGOs, CBOs, experts in slum
communication, participation.
24
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Priorities
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK – SLUM UPGRADING STRATEGIES
• The presence of The
• There are no policies
national council for
oriented to recording the
women branch in the
conditions of women
city works as a medium
labor who work in nonfor co-ordination and
official activities like
observing the policies
(Traders)
of development related
to woman.
• There are specific and
declared policies to
confront obstacles
hindering the
development of women
• Opportunities to
improve the
conditions of woman
through the branch of
the national center for
women, the
administration of
women affairs, and
the national policies to
support women
• Including gender
issues in plans for
development
PROJECT PROPOSALS– GENDER AND HIV/AIDS
ACCOUNTABILITY & EMPOWERMENT
• Educational programs
about quelling violence
against woman are
diversified through the
societies and are
supported by social
affairs administration
• There are bureaus for
social guidance and the
family court that work
through quick
mechanism to settle
disputes between
families.
• Restricting the policy of • Opportunities to lift
quelling violence
sensitivity towards
against women to
violence cases due to
educational programs
national policies
• Difficulty in treating the
phenomena of domestic
violence and female
circumcision due to
customs and traditions.
• Bias against woman as a
cultural legacy.
• Outbreak of anemia and
increase in mother and
child (less than 5 years)
mortality
• No mechanism for
exchanging data at the
governorate level.
• The threat of
the increase in
violence rates
through the
cultural
oppression
will slow
cultural
changes in
society
• Activating the
role of educational
programs
• simplifying loan
procedures
INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP – BUILDING CAPACITY
• There is a (unit for
gender) a specialized
department for woman
affairs in the
governorate, followed
by similar departments
in the councils of the
cities and the local
units.
• The common trend is to
pay attention to girls
education and training
them on work.
• There are available
statistics about poor
people at the
governorate level.
• Working bodies in the
field of woman are
diversified and there is
coordination between
them.
• Foreign donor bodies
that support woman
affairs are diversified.
• A variation for income
resources through
establishing the society
of Egyptian women to
support woman.
• Difficulty in collecting
accurate data related to
woman due to the
spreading of common
marriages and
unregistered people.
• High rate of illiteracy
among females.
• Low cultural level for
woman.
• Generally, no desire
from the women’s part
to participate in policy.
• High poverty rates and
increase in the number
of women lead
households
• weak faculties and
absence of awareness,
the presence of no
guarantees and
documents hinder
women to apply for
loans.
• Child and woman labor
in dangerous
environments, e.g. stone
quarries.
• More opportunities
to activate donor
bodies to finance
development
projects through the
various nongovernmental
organizations
working in the city
• Opportunities to
provide with gender
disaggregated
updated data.
• Opportunities to
eradicate illiteracy ,
increase awareness
through the
revolving loan
programs.
25
• No suitable
• Generating income
representation
for the poor woman.
of women in
popular councils • A quota for
representation of
and parliament
led to the
women in popular
negligence of
councils and leading
gender issues.
ranks.
• No standard
finance from
the governorate
budget to the
department of
woman affairs
threatens the
ability of the
department to
continue its
role.
Project proposal
Center for educating and training
handicaps
LOCATION: Menia City
DURATION: 12 months
BENEFICIARIES: Handicaps dwelling in Menia of
their families
IMPLEMENTED PARTNERS: High Council of
women, related NGOs, Directorate of Social Solidarity
ESTIMATED COST : US$ 180 000
BACKGROUND: Menia city doesn't have clear vision
towards treating handicaps, although the it’s an orientation
of the high council of women. Efforts towards realizing
better life for the handicapped are ad hoc and not
systematically planned and sustained. Inadequate budgets,
and multiple needs hinder the City Council to provide
suitable needs for this category.
OBJECTIVES: To establish a unit that coordinates and
sustains handicaps mainstreaming activities as educating
learning, and training, in addition, it provides marketing
products of handicaps.
PROJECT PROPOSALS
ACTIVITIES: (1) Facilitate establishment of a fully
resourced Handicaps Unit within the Menia City Council,
(2) undertake city wide needs assessments for specifying
productions, (3) Develop training tools, (4) establishing
classes and workshops, (5) providing places for storages
and exhibitions.
OUTPUTS: Economic upgrading for Handicaps and
their families , reduction of poverty.
STAFF REQUIERED: coordinator, trainers, teachers,
and secondary staff.
26
PROJECT PROPOSALS – GENDER AND HIV/AIDS
GENDE
R
HIV/AID
S
N° 1
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities Threats
Priorities
REGULATORY and INSTITUTIONAL FRAMWORK
 Menia Governorate is  Few EMU officials have the  The availability of  Slowdown
of
providing the rest of
legal enforcement authority,
financial resources
court procedures
the cities with sewage
which results in delay of
from the center to
in
finalizing
disposal
service
inspection activities, filing
support
environmental
gradually.
citations and follow up
environmental
cases.
procedures.
projects.
 It is considered one of
 Exaggeration of
the
leading  There
is
no
effective  Completion
of
the value of fines
governorates
that
participation from different
sewage networks
in law 4/1994,
incorporates
the
stakeholders to identify priority
covering
all
resulting
in
environment in all
environmental
issues.
governorate cities
inability of people
development plans and
Participation took place only
will
minimize
to pay.
projects.
via citizens complaints and
pollution rates.
 Lack of a unified
sometimes via meetings with
 The availability of a
&
generalized
community
associations
number of community
format
for
representatives.
associations working
environmental
in the environmental  The lack of an environmental
citations
at
field.
data base for those who are not
country
level.
complying with law. This data
Currently,
there
 The existence of the
base could be a reference, thus
are many different
Coptic Organization,
fines could increase in an
unused
formats
an NGO active in
ascending manner based on
due to arguments
development
and
law 4/1994.
about them.
environment.
 Support
decentralization
of
environmental
management,
and
develop
institutional
setup
of
Menia
environmental
management
unit
(EMU).
 Develop
inspection
procedures and increase
the number of qualified
officials.
 Support
cooperation
with local community
associations’ in the
environmental field.
 Establish data base for
environmental citations
and fines.
PROJECT PROPOSALS - ENVIRONMENT
RESOURCE MOBILIZATION – FINANCE
 The availability of
financial
resources
from the state, EEAA
besides some donor
agencies.
 Sherouk project and
Service Fund provide
some
additional
resources.
 Menia
governorate
allocate
some
resources
for
environmental
development projects
such as the completion
of sewage disposal
network.
 Some environmental
associations
get
donations from donor
agencies.
 Weak budgets allocated for  The availability of  The environment
entities
responsible
for
financial resources
preservation fund
environmental work, which are
from the center, to
in Cairo receives
mainly based on donations and
support
some
colleted revenues
some fines. In addition, human
environmental
from
resources aren’t sufficient if
projects,
though
environmental
compared with tasks and
they
aren’t
fines.
responsibilities required.
sufficient.
 Reluctance
of
 Menia EMU has no allocated  Support
from
EEAA to create a
budget because it’s mainly a
some
donor
system
for
coordinating and not an
agencies (such as
financial
implementing unit.
Swiss, Canadian,
incentives
for
and Italian).
EMUs officials,
 Collected revenues from fines
based on item no
go directly to environment
17 of law 4/1994
preservation fund in Cairo,
and item no 9 of
without any benefit to Menia
its executive act.
EMU.
This
system
 There is no budget allocated
should be created
for environmental awareness.
alike the applied
system for EEAA
officials.
 Support Menia EMU
financially and provide
it
with
essential
equipments.
 Develop
effective
financial mechanisms
to mobilize finance at
the local level. This
should
include
mobilization
of
businessmen
&
community
associations
to
participate.
 Support cooperation
between
governorate
and foreign donor
agencies.
PERFORMANCE – REDUCING POLLUTION
 Menia EMU officials
are performing their
work in spite of the
weak budget and lack
of equipments.
 Capability of Menia
EMU
official
to
cooperate
with
different stakeholders
to
perform
environmental
projects.
 Governorate exerted
efforts to develop solid
waste service and to
decrease pollution in
cooperation
with
Ministry of Scientific
Research, EEAA, and
community
associations.
 Contamination
of
water  EEAA and some  A number
of  Developing
training
streams as a result of direct
local community
secondary
programs for Menia
disposal of sewage, agricultural
associations
drainages
are EMU officials to raise
and industrial waste.
provide
Menia
flowing into El- their performance.
EMU officials with
Mouhiet drainage,  Support
 Contamination of drinking
raising
training courses in
carrying
extra awareness programs for
water due to deterioration of
order to raise their
pollution
from inhabitants.
water pipes.
performance.
other governorates  Completion
 Lack of training courses
of
starting
from sewerage
all
devoted to train EMU officials  Connecting
disposal
Assuit
governorate cities
on the application of law
network to minimize
Governorate.
with
sewage
4/1994
pollution.
networks
will  Contamination of
 Lack of qualified staff and
minimize pollution
underground water
skilled technicians essential for
rates.
in villages due to
the
application
of
continuation
of
environmental legislations.
septic tanks usage.
 Weak
environmental
As a result, the
awareness between residents
spread of diseases
due to rural customs. In
will increase.
addition, there is shortage in

Continuation of
awareness raising programs.
disposal on water
 Lack of specialized training in
streams increases
urban
environmental
drinking
water
management.
contamination and
spread of diseases.
27
N° 1
Project proposal
Establish an integrated solid waste
management system, including
recycling activities in each (markaz)
especially plastic materials. In
addition, a sorting transition station
is needed.
PROJECT PROPOSALS – ENVIRONMENT
ENVIR
ONME
NT
LOCATION: Menia City
DURATION: 20 months
BENEFICIARIES: Inhabitants of Menia city.
IMPLEMENTATION PARTNERS: Relevant
departments in Menia Governorate, Businessmen, Donor
agencies working in Menia, Habitat, World bank.
ESTIMATED COST: US$ 250 000
BACKGROUND: Menia city suffers from solid waste
accumulation, Menia Governorate developed many
activities to improve solid waste (SW) service. However,
some coordination is still needed to achieve an integrated
SW management system.
OBJECTIVES:
• To establish an integrated solid waste management
system.
• To raise cleansing level in Menia city and minimize
pollution and diseases.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Establish a coordinating central
authority to be responsible for coordinating all solid waste
management activities. This coordination will develop the
institutional set up of solid waste management. (2)
Establish subsidiary departments within the central
authority, each of them will be responsible for one aspect
of the integrated system. Such as financial, institutional,
technical aspect besides awareness aspect. (3) Estimate the
number of required qualified staff, and required budget for
training them properly and for their salaries. (4) Estimate
the cost of required equipments. (5) Estimate and gather
different partners contributions. (6) Purchase required
equipments. (7) Focus on plastic materials recycling due to
high production of plastics in Menia city.
OUTPUTS: An effective & integrated solid waste
system, Solid waste problem to be solved, Decrease of
diseases, Residents environmental awareness to be raised.
STAFF REQUIERED: A specialized expert to prepare
the institutional set up of the new central authority,
Coordinator/facilitator of central authority activities,
Administrative, technical and executive staff.
28
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities Threats Priorities
PROJECT PROPOSALS– BASIC URBAN SERVICES
PROVISION OF BASIC URBAN SERVICES
Water :  Drinking water service to cover all
urban areas and the preservation of
approximately 85% of the rural areas.
There are projects in the governorate to
upgrade water supply service (Kidwan
station).
 Changing partially water networks.
 City surveyors recorded completely
water and sewer lines on the maps
(USAID).
 There is good cooperation between
government sectors (water and drainage
company and the electricity company and
the Directorate of roads), and donors
(USAID).
Drainage : The service has been extended to some
sanitation in slums, as well as some of the
surrounding villages.
 Sanitary sewage service to cover the city
of Menia. Sewage is treated and to be
disposed of in desert forest farms (5,000
acres forest tree).
Solid waste : Trash & garbage was removed from an
area of 3 feddans south of the city.
 Garbage is collected and transported to
the organic fertilizer plant currently
located or to places outside Kerdoun
waste collection area (public landfills)
Roads and Transport :  There is diversity in the means of
communication available within the
province, both public and private sector.
Electricity :  The electricity network and service
covering the city and a large percentage of
accessories (90%).
Water :  Some parts of the existing
network is in asbestos (30%).
 Artesian water wells which are
the main sources of drinking
water for the city contains high
percentage of salt.
 The proportion of leakag in the
drinking water in the network is
about 37%.
Drainage :  Lack of sanitation in most
villages of the province.
 Sewage treatment plant does
not cover the amounts generated
Roads and Transport : Use of open pickups to
transport individuals from the
city to the surrounding villages.
 The use of animals carts to
move cargo hamper fluidity of
traffic and problems causing
congestion and bottlenecks in in
the city
Electricity :  50% of the slums deprived of
electricity supply service.
Prioritize the implementation of
networks in disadvantaged areas
only by the local administration.
And the occurrence of certain
buildings, "especially in the slum
areas" under pressure lines and
higher average.
 5% of the existing lines are not
isolated
 There are a series of projects that will
generate income of the unit of local
projects. These fund city services.
 The state budget and the investment plan
of the government.
 Grants and foreign aid
 Inadequate
resources
are
available to supplement the
supply of services and facilities
to all parts of the maintenance as
required.
 Opportunity
for
careful planning and
effective
management
of
water and sewage
networks as a result
of
USAID city
surveys
 Health and
environmental
damage as a
result of the
occurrence of
buildings
under the high
pressure lines
and
the
average.
The streets in
slums
sometimes up
to 1.5 metres,
which hampers
the
introduction of
electricity
service in the
future by the
lack
of
conformity to
specifications
for
the
introduction of
electricity to
 Drainage
 The disposal
of solid waste
 Road
accidents and
transferring
individuals
between parts
of the city
 Highpressure routes
and electrical
connections
within homes
buildings.
RESOURCE MOBILISATION
 The
presence
of
foreign aid and grants
to
support
the
development
of
targeted facilities in
slum areas
 The existence of a
subsidy from the Social
Fund for Development
in
the
area
of
infrastructure
“drain
networks
and
the
creation
of
water
reservoirs and digging
wells and paving roads.
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
 There are partnerships with some of the  Inefficient management of the
foreign investors and to provide facilities
collection and disposal of solid
 There is good cooperation between waste in the city
government sectors (water and drainage
company and the electricity company and
the Directorate of roads), donors (USAID)
.
 A special department
for
international
cooperation
to
coordination
among
donors and civil society
institutions.
Facilities
Management
CAPACITY BUILDING & TRAINING
 Training sessions at the headquarters of  Lack of training programs for
the Ministry of Local Development to civil organizations.
train engineers.
 Requirement for the necessary
equipment and spare parts
operations
(clearingmaintenance)
29
 The loss of  Installation
service resources and
due to lack of maintenance
trained cadres of
facilities
management and
maintenance
Project proposal
BUS
Project proposal
N° 1
Training
institutions
and
local
government to increase efficiency and
improve services to supply the
necessary facilities.
N° 2
Project for the collection and disposal
of solid waste.
LOCATION: The City
LOCATION: The City
DURATION: 24 months
DURATION: 24 months
BENEFICIARIES: Local municipality workers
BENEFICIARIES: The city dwellers
IMPLEMENTED PARTNERS: Local municipality,
IMPLEMENTED PARTNERS:
National Company for Water and Sanitation
NGOs, local administration, The Egyptian Environmental
Affairs Agency.
ESTIMATED COST : US$ 10 000
ESTIMATED COST : US$ 60,000
BACKGROUND:
The weakness of the local
government workers and staff in administering service
facilities reduces dramatically the efficiency of service
delivery. Inefficiencies and ineffectiveness includes the
inability to effectively develop action plans and identify
priorities for implementation, as well as efficiently
measuring performance, maintaining the facility and
managing day-to-day operations.
OBJECTIVES: Skill improving training programs in
operation and maintenance with special attention to the use
of measuring water quality devices, recording accurate
readings and reporting on status systematically.
BACKGROUND: There is no system for the collection
and disposal of solid waste in Menia, whether healthy
land-filling or recycling.
OBJECTIVES: Collection and disposal of waste
through recycling and disposal in a land fill and prepare an
integrated system to manage the process.
ACTIVITIES: 1. Determining the appropriate place for
the project. 2. Identifying ways and burial location and
type of equipment needed
3. Identify the kinds of
recycling and equipment required.
ACTIVITIES:
Prepare action plans;
Prepare maintenance programs networks;
Preparation of special programs and methods of
measurement, writing technical reports, and preparing
follow-up schedules.
OUTPUTS: Providing outstanding service in the field of
OUTPUTS: Provide outstanding reycling and disposal
solid waste service to all citizens to preserve the
environment.
STAFF REQUIERED : coordinator, manager, labors,
NGOs, CBOs, experts in solid waste management.
drinking water and sanitation for all citizens to maintain.
STAFF REQUIERED : coordinator, manager, labors,
trainers
30
PROJECT PROPOSALS – BASIC URBAN SERVICES
BUS
PROJECT PROPOSALS– BASIC URBAN SERVICES
BUS
Project proposal
BUS
N° 3
Upgrading links to the desert road
leading west and east
N° 4
Project proposal
Bridge replacement work for Nile
bridge
LOCATION: The City
LOCATION: The City
DURATION: 24 months
DURATION: 24 months
BENEFICIARIES: The city dwellers and visitors
BENEFICIARIES: The city dwellers and visitors
IMPLEMENTED PARTNERS: The Governorate of
IMPLEMENTED
Menia, the Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban
Communities, and infrastructure and civil associations.
PARTNERS:
Local
administration in the city, the Ministry of Housing,
Utilities and Urban Communities and civil associations.
ESTIMATED COST : US$ 2 000 000
ESTIMATED COST : Undefined
BACKGROUND:
BACKGROUND:
Narrow roads leading to the
regional desert road is not commensurate with the traffic
of such major roads. The road network needs to be
upgraded and an east west direct link to the eastern and
desert roads from Menia is needed.
Increased traffic pressure on the
narrow bridge requires that the Nile bridge be replaced to
accommodate increased traffic and facilitate the movement
within the city.
OBJECTIVES: To facilitate traffic in the bridge area
OBJECTIVES: Facilitate the movement of traffic to
and accommodate current and future traffic densities.
and from the desert road to the east and west.
ACTIVITIES:
ACTIVITIES:
Determine where to expand joints, upgrading roads and
and plan for a new east west main artery to north/south
desert roads.
OUTPUTS: Increase the number of visitors to the city
either for commerce or tourism for their passage through
those links and to facilitate the movement of traffic
STAFF REQUIERED : coordinator, manager, labors
Identifying the appropriate place for the new bridge,
commensurate with the current traffic and future expected,
design the bridge, and schedule project implementation
and management so as not to hinder the traffic in the
region.
OUTPUTS: Increased ability to absorb a larger number
of vehicles. Facilitate the movement of traffic within the
area of the current bridge on the Nile.
STAFF REQUIERED: NGOs, Coordinator, Manager,
Labors.
31
Project proposal
N° 5
Replacement of current, open pickups,
to more safe modes for transport
between city and villages.
PROJECT PROPOSALS – BASIC URBAN SERVICES
BUS
LOCATION: The City
DURATION: 6 months
BENEFICIARIES: The city dwellers and visitors
IMPLEMENTED PARTNERS: Local administration
in the city, private sector, business associations and banks.
ESTIMATED COST : US$ 5 000 000
BACKGROUND:
The inhabitants of the city depends on open carriage pick
ups for transporting from the city to nearby villages. This
threatens the lives of passengers.
OBJECTIVES:
Provide safe transport for commuters from the city to the
surrounding villages.
ACTIVITIES:
Determining the kinds and numbers of vehicles required,
identify means of funding and cost recovery, develop and
manage the movement of such vehicles, prepare an
operational program.
OUTPUTS: Provision of a number of safe vehicles and
appropriate transport methods within and outside the city.
STAFF REQUIERED: NGOs, Coordinator, Manager,
Labors.
32
Strengths
Opportunities
Weaknesses
Threats Priorities
PROJECT PROPOSALS – LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
LOCAL ECONOMY DYNAMICS & ISSUES OF LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
 The existence of cheap
labor that do not need
shelter.
 The availability of
natural
resources,
agriculture, mining, and
industrial resources.
 Significant
touristic
sites in Menia.
 The availability of
infrastructure
ready
industrial areas ready to
house industries offered
freely to investors.
 The
governorate
endeavors to facilitates
necessary procedures to
get required approvals
and licenses to set up
projects and assists in
overcoming obstacles
and constraints.
 the governorate grants
investors the approval
necessary to enable
mortgaging the existing
enterprises to access
additional finance for
projects.
 The governor grant the
ownership of lands for
projects
that have
reached full production
capacity.
 The distance form Cairo
and markets, a poor road
network and lack of ports
inhibits
investors
from
moving to Menia.
 The high percent of stalled
projects. As there are 173
industrial establishments: 10
are being established, 73 are
operational, 35 enterprises
are stalled.
 Industrial
waste
management is the main
problem in the industrial
area.
 No
chemical
or
technological
labs
to
undertake
quality
measurements.
 Low business cultural.
 Tourism is not well
managed in the governorate.
Tourism
offers
great
potential.
 Unemployment is a key
issue.
• Doubling
and
strengthening Menia Hurghada road for export
facilitate.
• Activate all signed
protocols
between
business men association
and different entities.
• Activate the signed
protocol between Menia
investors association and
Ministry of Industry, and
Industry Modernization
Center to promote the
quality of products .and
to raise the awareness of
available
foreign
markets.
• Expand
the
establishment of pharonic
villages on the Nile beach
for
as
a
tourist
development, and expand
the
establishment of
luxurious hotels and
centers.
• Operating
maritime
line between Cairo and
Luxor throughout the
year
will activate
tourism in Menia, this
will bring 40-45 ships
weekly.
Unemployment
INSTITUTIONAL SETUP – SIMPLE LEAKAGE & MARKET ANALYSIS
• The
integrated • No guarantee, high interests ,
cooperation between all
inefficient experience, routine
governmental or non
style of enterprise, high unit
governmental
rental fees, no integrated
institutions, and private
system by the state covers
sector, Social Fund for
market needs and ignorance of
Development
writing and reading .are
obstacles that face the poor
• Menia
can
attract
access credit.
investment
through
improved infrastructure.
• Road, facilities, transportation
and communication works are
• There is foreign subsidy
weak.
for the private sector
through the Social Fund. • The unavailability of an
For Development ..
information network necessary
to link production with
marketing.
The
local
administration
lacks the
resources for training and the
technology required for an
information network.
33
 By
eliminating
Beaurocracy the domestic
market
can
attract
investment easily.

Investment
attraction
LED
Strengthening
and
Hurghad- Menia road.
duplicating
LED
Project proposal
No 2
Setting up training centers specialized
for training the technical and the
vocational worker .
LOCATION: Menia to Hurghda
LOCATION: Menia City
DURATION: 3 years
DURATION: 12 months
BENEFICIARIES: Investors and Exporters in ElMenia
BENEFICIARIES:
craftsmen
PARTNERS: Governorate
investors by BOOT system.
IMPLEMENTATION PARTNERS: international
agencies for assistance, NGOs, Social Fund For
development and private sector investors.
and
private
sector
Fresh-graduates,
youth
and
ESTIMATED COST: US$ 2.5 billion
BACKGROUND: Menia has many economic and
tourism resources. The governorate offers many
incentives and services for investors. In spite of the
incentives, the investment in Menia still very low
compared with incentives. The main obstacle to the
development of the local economy is it
inaccessibility to outer markets. Opening an access to
a port on the Red Sea will help inventors export their
goods.
ESTIMATED COST: US$ 10000 for establish and
prepare each center (5 centers)
BACKGROUND: the main feature of labor market
in Egypt in general and in El-Menia particularly is
the less matchmaking between labor supply and
demand. Labor market needs labor force in specific
handcrafts and professions, meanwhile labor supply
depends on Egyptian education system. Therefore,
the suggested centers will cover the gap between
labor supply and demand through rehabilitate the
fresh-graduate and change their qualifications to
meet labor market requirements.
PROJECT PROPOSALS
OBJECTIVES: Improve access to out markets and
consequently attract more investors and increase
jobs.
ACTIVITIES:
(1) Plan and design Easter road to the red Sea, (2)
undertake feasibility study for cost recovery, and (3)
tender out construction, implement project.
OUTPUTS: Regional Road linking Menia to a port
in the Red Sea.
STAFF REQUIRED: large number of workers,
contactor companies and street paving companies.
OBJECTIVES: offer tainting and vocational
training to upgrade the qualifications of craftsmen
and fresh-graduate to meet labor market
requirements in El-Menia and reduce the
unemployment rates.
ACTIVITIES: (1) establish centers and workshops
for training. (2) offer modern machinery and
equipments (3) establish information unit for labor
market.
OUTPUTS: reduce the unemployment in El-Menia,
increase living standards of the people and offer
skilled workers for factories.
STAFF REQUIRED: manager, secretary,
assistants and trainers for every center.
34
2
PROJECT PROPOSALS – LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
No 1
Project proposal
MENIA CITY CONSULTATION - OCTOBER 2005
ATTENDANCE LIST
Name and Position
Dr. Abbas Maree
Mayor of Menia
Mr. Gamal El Ghandour
Head of the people’s local council
Mr. Mahmoud Ahmed El-Fanawany
Secretary General of local authority
Mr. Mohamed Ibrahim
Head of city development
Shadia Abd El -Salam
NGO
Khaled Salah
NGO
Amgad Sayyed
NGO
Magdy Mohamed Mohamed
NGO
CONTACTS:
Alioune Badiane, Chief, Regional Office for Africa and the Arab States, e-mail: [email protected]
Mohamed El Sioufi, Senior Human Settlements Officer, RUSPS coordinator, e-mail: [email protected]
Ali El-Faramawy, Program Manager, UN-HABITAT National Office, Egypt, e-mail: [email protected]
e-mail: [email protected]
EGYPT RUSPS TEAM
Hassanien Abouzeid, Abdelwahab Helmy, Moustafa Madbouly, Ghada Farouk Hassan, Heba Aboul Fadl, Mohab El Refaie,
Doaa El Sherif, Alia El Mahdi, Anwar El Nakeeb and Mohamed Eid