Transcript The 5 Themes of Geography

Mapping & Geography
“Writing the World”
geo = world or earth
graph = to write or to chart
Part I Basics of Geography
Geography Basics
I.N. pg. 17
Geography:
the study or charting of the Earth
Continent:
one of several large landmasses on earth
which usually include: Asia, Africa, North
America, South America, Antarctica, Europe,
and Australia
4 oceans: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic
Hemisphere: Any half of the earth
– The world has 4 hemispheres: Eastern,
Western, Northern, Southern
Geography Basics
Equator:
is a latitude line that circles the Earth exactly
halfway between the North + South Poles, or
zero degrees
Prime Meridian:
Is a longitude line that runs through Greenwich,
England, and is 0 degrees longitude.
• All longitude lines begin and end at the North
and South poles
compass rose, a figure on a map used to display the
cardinal directions
Outline each hemisphere
Label the continents and oceans.
Color each continent a different color
•
Compass rose
5 Themes of Geography
I.N. pg. 19-21
MR. LIP
M = Movement
R = Regions
L= Location
I= Interactions
P=Place
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIqC79W
rpKg
MOVEMENT
People and ideas get around
1. Transportation (railroads, ships, planes)
2. Communications (Twitter, telephones,
computers, TV)
3. Mass Migration
Examples: Goods are shipped in large trucks across interstate
highways, you write a letter to your grandma, the Dust
Bowl or Great Migration
REGIONS
What do locations have in common
1. Political (Palestine, Middle East)
2. Physical Features (climate zones, deserts)
3. Cultural features (languages, religions)
Examples: areas that receive very little rainfall
are deserts, N. + S. America are in the Western
Hemisphere,
LOCATION
Where it is.
Two types of location: absolute and
relative.
•Absolute location can be found by using
latitude and longitude to pinpoint a place’s
absolute, or exact, location.
•Relative location shows where a place is in
relation to other places
examples: Texas is south of Oklahoma, The city of
Chandler is at 33 degrees N. Latitude,111 degrees W.
longitude
INTERACTION
(Human & Environment)
What do the people do to the environment?
What does the environment do for the
people?
1. How do people depend on their
environment (farming, fishing, mining)
2. How do people adapt to their environment?
(igloos, irrigation, clothing)
3. How do people change the environment?
(roads, canals, harbors)
Examples: air conditioning in the desert
PLACE
What is it like when you get there?
1. Climate (humid, tropical)
2. Physical features (mountains Mt. Everest,
rivers Nile River, vegetation.
3. Man-made features (buildings, dams,
bridges) Hoover Dam
4. Human characteristics (food, clothing,
language) Navajo Code Talkers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=AIqC79WrpKg
A. Location
D. Region E. Interaction
B. Place
C. Movement
5 themes rap
1.____ Great Plains used to be a wide open area with no settlements or farms. Today
towns and cities dot the Great Plains, and much of the land is used for farming
2. ____ Areas that receive very little rainfall are called deserts.
3._____ Texas is south of Oklahoma.
4._____ Hawaii is made up of islands and it offers a variety of tourist attractions
5. _____ Goods are shipped in large tractor-trailer trucks across interstate highways.
6. _____ Arizona is located in the Southwest and has many characteristics similar to
other states around it like Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico.
7. _____ The country of Guam is at 13 degrees N. Latitude,
145 degrees E. longitude
8. ____ One way to communicate information is to write letters to our friends
And relatives.
9. ____ The building of new houses on areas that had always been forests
frequently makes it difficult for animals to find homes
10.____ Swiss Chalets and high mountains called the Alps are two of the ways
we can identify the country of Switzerland
1. E 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. E10. B
Mapping & Geography
“Writing the World”
• geo = world or earth
• graph = to write or to chart
• Part 3
Mapping and Location
MAPP ING AND LOCATION
I.N.
pg 27
Globes and Maps
• A globe is a round,3-d model of the
earth. Most accurate-not practical
• A map is 2-dimensional view of the
world. It is more detailed but is
distorted (shapes change)
• Cartography or mapping is the study or
practice of making maps.
• Cartographers or mapmakers are the
people who do this
•flat maps are forced to exaggerate some sense
of scale, or size
Mercator’s Projection
Map (I.N. pg. 27)
• Mercator projection (method of
putting a map of the Earth onto a flat piece of
paper)
– still used by sailors
– expands the area between
longitudes/poles
– distorts size--Greenland looks bigger than
South America when it is only one eighth
the size.
Sample mercator map
Robinson’s Projection
Map (I.N. pg. 27)
• shows the size and shape of the land
more accurately.
• Some Geographers think it is one of
the best World map’s available
• Some distortions (in areas around the
edges of the map).
• Sample Robinsons Map
Effects of Latitude
(I.N. pg.
29)
• lines of latitude, are imaginary east-west
circles around the globe.
– also called parallels, because they are parallel to
one another running east and west
• low latitudes, or the tropics.
– direct sunlight throughout the year
– Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of
Capricorn are at 23.5 degrees N. and S.
– divide the Earth into regions according to
the amount of sunlight they receive.
Low latitudes
High Latitudes (I.N. pg. 29)
• high latitudes, or polar zones
– no direct sunlight
– far north of the Equator - Arctic
Circle.
– Far south of the Equator lies the
Antarctic Circle
Middle Latitudes (I.N. pg. 29)
• In between is called Middle
Latitudes of the northern and
southern hemispheres, or temperate
zones
– seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter.
– receive fairly direct sunlight and at other
times of year, they receive fairly indirect
sunlight.
Longitudes (I.N. pg. 29)
• International Date Line (IDL)
– north-south imaginary
– passes through the middle of the Pacific
– designates the place where each
calendar day begins.
– roughly along 180° longitude, opposite
the Prime Meridian, (does divert to pass around
some territories and island groups).
 Lines of longitude (imaginary lines that circle
the globe from north to south)
 also called meridians
Parts of a Map (I.N. pg. 31)
• cardinal directions: north, south, east,
and west
• scale - tells what a certain distance on the
map stands for
• symbols are explained in the key, or
legend.
• grid. uses lines to make rows and
columns on a map Some maps use a
grid of latitude and longitude lines
Types of Maps (I.N. pg. 31)
• Political maps: No physical features.
Includes state and national boundaries
or countries boundaries.
• Road maps: show major—some
minor highways—and roads, airports,
railroad tracks, cities and other points
of interest in an area.
• Topographic: includes shape and
elevation of an area. steep or flat
terrain.
Physical and Political Map of AZ