Transcript Israel Powerpoint

Israel/Palestinian
Dispute
Political Movements Response to
Capitalism (Thesis, Antithesis,
Synthesis)
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Progressive movement advocated
making laws to regulate industry abuses,
promoted women’s rights.
Socialism: government protection and
services to spread wealth downward.
Marxist/Communist: an economic
system in which labor controlled capital,
and the economy was planned for the
benefit of working class.
Why Middle East Was important
Ottomans At their Zenith
In the late 19th Century, the powerful, industrialized
Western powers dominated Turkey: Capitulations
After WWI, The mandate system
divided up the remains of the
Ottomans
After the War The British Mandate
in Levant
The entire world was under
European Domination
In exchange for helping the British,
Arabs were promised current-day
Israel: Letter to Hussein
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The document declared that the
Arabs would revolt in alliance with
Great Britain in return for recognition
of Arab independence in an area
running from the 37th parallel near
the Taurus Mountains on the
southern border of Turkey, to be
bounded in the east by Persia and
the Persian Gulf, in the west by the
Mediterranean Sea and in the south
by the Arabian Sea.[4][5]
McMahon Letter 1915
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The districts of Mersin and Alexandretta, and portions of Syria
lying to the west of the districts of Damascus, Homs, Hama and
Aleppo, cannot be said to be purely Arab, and must on that
account be excepted from the proposed delimitation. Subject to
that modification, and without prejudice to the treaties concluded
between us and certain Arab Chiefs, we accept that delimitation.
As for the regions lying within the proposed frontiers, in which
Great Britain is free to act without detriment to interests of her
ally France, I am authorized to give you the following pledges on
behalf of the Government of Great Britain, and to reply as follows
to your note: That subject to the modifications stated above,
Great Britain is prepared to
recognize and uphold the
independence of the Arabs in all the
regions lying within the frontiers
proposed by the Sharif of Mecca
The Balfour Delcaration of 1917
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Dear Lord Rothschild,
I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His
Majesty's Government, the following declaration of
sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations
which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet:
"His Majesty's Government view with favour the
establishment in Palestine of a national
home for the Jewish people, and will use their best
endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being
clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice
the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in
Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any
other country".
I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the
knowledge of the Zionist Federation.
Letter to King Hussein in 1918,
sounds like a two state solution
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Arab race shall
be given full opportunity of once again forming a
nation in the world. This can only be achieved by the Arabs
The Entente Powers are determined that the
themselves uniting, and Great Britain and her Allies will pursue a
policy with this ultimate unity in view.[9]
and with respect to Palestine and in the light of the Balfour
Declaration that
Since the Jewish opinion of the world is in favour
of a return of Jews to Palestine and in as much as
this opinion must remain a constant factor, and
further as His Majesty's Government view with
favour the realization of this aspiration, His
Majesty's Government are determined that
insofar as is compatible with the freedom of the
existing population both economic and political,
no obstacle should be put in the way of the
realization of this ideal.[9]
In the early 20th Century, secular, socialist
Jewish settlers called Zionist began to buy
and develop farms called Kibbutz from
absentee landlords in the area.
White Paper, 1939, World War II
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"His Majesty's Government believe that the framers of the Mandate in
which the Balfour Declaration was embodied could not have
intended that Palestine should be converted into a Jewish State
against the will of the Arab population of the country. [...] His
therefore now declare unequivocally that
it is not part of their policy that Palestine should become a
Jewish State. They would indeed regard it as contrary to their
Majesty's Government
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obligations to the Arabs under the Mandate, as well as to the assurances
which have been given to the Arab people in the past, that the Arab
population of Palestine should be made the subjects of a Jewish State
against their will."
'The objective of His Majesty's Government is the
establishment within 10 years of an independent Palestine
State in such treaty relations with the United Kingdom as
will provide satisfactorily for the commercial and strategic
requirements of both countries in the future. [..] The
independent State should be one in which Arabs and Jews
share government in such a way as to ensure that the
essential interests of each community are safeguarded.'
The White Paper also stated
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That Balfour had been satisfied, even
though no state established, because
450,000 Jews had moved to region.
Establish quotas of 10,000 Jews per year
to move to Palestine, effectively blocking
the escape of Jews from the Nazis.
Allowed the transfer of only 5% of
available land from Arab to Jew, to
prevent the purchase of a larger
movement of Jews to the region.
Arab/Muslims gain independence
between and after the World Wars
After the War
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European Jews had literally no where
to go: all their villages and most of
their population had be destroyed.
The U.S., Britain and Soviet Union
didn’t want them.
So naturally, they gravitated toward
Israel, still under British Mandate.
The British corralled them in Cyprus.
Groups smuggled Jews into Israel
to circumvent the British blockade.
Israeli “terrorist” freedom fighters bombed and attacked
British outposts after WWII, until they gave up
The UN partitioned the Palestinian Mandate into Israel
(dark area) and a Palestinian State (light gray), out of the
old Transjordan, current day Jordan
The Israeli War of Independence
The Catastrophe.
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The newly formed Israeli State was
attacked by the following,
establishing a pattern:
Egypt
Iraq
Sudan
Saudi Arabia
Transjordan
Yemen
Syria
Muslim Brotherhood
Lebanon
Pre and Post boundaries of the newly created states (note
the positon of Jerusalem)
¼ million Palestinian’s fled the new Israeli border,
after being told they would be slaughtered. Many
still live there
Post ’67 Border
The other wars
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Several other smaller wars occurred
between the combatants, including
the Suez War, in which Britain used
Israel to secure the Suez Canal from
Nasser.
Right of Return
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In 1948 the UN General Assembly passed
Resolution 194 on the Question of
Palestine, which "resolves that refugees
wishing to return to their homes and live
at peace with their neighbors should be
permitted to do so at the earliest
practicable date, and that compensation
should be paid for the property of those
choosing not to return...“
This resolution is still a huge sticking point
in the conflict.
If Israel would allow the right of
return
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The Jewish population would be
outnumbered by the Palestinians,
putting Israel into the position of
either:
• Losing its status as a Jewish state
• Losing its status as a democracy.
Demographics is Destiny
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If Israel would choose to do so, they
would cease being a Jewish state.
There are currently about 6 million Jews in
Israel and 8 to 9 Million Palestinians who
might make claims, about 2 million Arab
Muslims who live in Israel currently.
This demographic problem is the same
when Israel considers incorporating the
“occupied territories” of the West Bank,
Jews would then be a minority.
The 1967 War
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Israel fought and defeated the
following combatants in Six days,
hence the name the Six day war:
Egypt
Morocco Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia Sudan
Jordan
Algeria
Iraq
Libya
Saudi Arabia
Kuwait
Israel After the Six Day War
includes the West Bank and Gaza
And the Newly formed Palestinian
Liberation Organization (PLO),
Yasser Arafat decades long leader of the PLO
Resolution 242: After the Six Day
War
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(i) Withdrawal of Israel armed forces from
territories occupied in the recent conflict;
(ii) Termination of all claims or states of
belligerency and respect for and
acknowledgment of the sovereignty,
territorial integrity and political
independence of every State in the area and
their right to live in peace within secure and
recognized boundaries free from threats or
acts of force." [3]
The PLO has morphed into Fatah
that now runs the West Bank and is
considered the more moderate
Palestinian Leadership
Mahmoud Abbas: current Fatah leader
Under Arafat, the PLO terrorized
Israel in its attempt to “drive Israel
into the sea”
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The PLO launched a series of attacks
on Israel from Jordan.
Jordan eventually expelled them
after the Black September group
tried to overthrow the King.
The PLO then moved to camps in
Lebanon.
PLO Terrorist Acts
1978: Camp David Accords
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Peace Between Egypt and Israel
An autonomous Palestinian
government in Gaza and West Bank
Sinai goes back to Egypt, Israel can
use Suez Canal
U.S. will bankroll Israel and Egypt.
Egypt recognizes Right to Exist.
For his trouble, Sadat
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r
hu-YgCyPz4
In 1995, after trying to negotiate the
Oslo Peace treaty with PLO, Rabin
got the same thanks
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4
xc4YR-KWl4&feature=related
From this point on, Israel is the
dominate military power in the
region
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In 1982 Israel invades Lebanon to
root out the PLO:
Hezbollah created by Shiites in
Southern Lebanon to expel Israelis,
still exists, with support of Iran, and
the Qudz force, tons of rockets
Nazrallah: Leader of
Hezbollah, Shiite
“terrorist” group in
Southern Lebanon.
Hezbollah
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Still maintains a large missile
stockpile supplied by Iran and the
Qudz Force, controlled by Ayatollah
Khomeini, the Supreme Leader
Hezbollah has the third largest group
in Lebanon’s parliament.
In 1983, we sent Marines in to
Beirut to intercede in Civil War,
close to 300 killed, we withdrew
Israel Defense forces are accused
of allowing Christian Lebanese
Militias into Palestinian camps,
where the proceeded to slaughter
women and children in Sabra and
Shatila
Intifadas: Since 1997 localized
uprisings on West Bank protested
occupation
When the Soviet Union fell and
many conservative Jews moved to
Israel, Israel accelerated their
building of settlements.
Settlements are little Israel cities
inside the West Bank
Suicide bombings swept Israel in
1990s and Early 2000
Israel and Palestinian Authority
have reduced the amount of
bombings in the last five years or
so
The Wall
Hezbollah and Hamas Missile
range
West Bank Population
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200,000 Jews
2.5 Million Arabs. (GAZA another 1.5
million)
Major issue are the settlements, extending
Israel Permanently. Israel would then be
permanent occupiers.
Many Israeli’s would give it back to Jordan
or a Palestinian state, but conservative
Jews believe that this land was promised
by God.
Israeli Settlement on the West
Bank
Israeli expansion has continued in
the West Bank
Today’s Issues of Security
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Iran is actively seeking to become the dominant Islamic
power and controls Hezbollah in Southern Lebanon (Poor,
Shiite minority), that has power in Lebanon's Parliament
and believes in the total destruction of Israel.
Iran is a major supplier of Hamas, the radical political
group that now controls the GAZA strip and routinely
attacks Israel with rockets. Hamas believes in the total
destruction of Israel.
With the fall of Mubarak in Egypt the border between Egypt
and Gaza will become even more porous, allowing the
arming of Hamas and other Palestinian Militant groups.
Israel continues to take land in East Jerusalem and the
West Bank and build settlements, making it more and more
difficult to draw a new border, swapping land for peace.
Israel non-starters for negotiations: Jerusalem and Right
of Return.
Existential Threats to Israel, Hamas in Gaza,
Hezbollah in Lebanon, both supplied by Iran
Rocket attacks are a common occurrence from Gaza, and
a real possibility from Southern Lebanon
What Makes Israel Safer?
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Is Israel safer by creating a
Palestinian homeland or Not?
Pertinent Question
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Does Israel want to:
• Remain a Jewish state?
• Remain a Democracy?
• Perpetually occupy the West Bank with
Israel citizens and a zone of
“apartheid?”
More Pertinent Questions
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Do Palestinian Arabs have a
reasonable expectation of a
homeland?
Does Israel have a reasonable
expectation that there existence is
threatened?
Can you reconcile the above?
What would be the greatest
impediment to solving the problem?
From Green line to Tel Aviv 11
miles
What do you do?
Hezbollah
Hamas