Transcript THE NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING CORE I

THE NORTH AMERICAN
MANUFACTURING CORE
(CHAPTER 5: PART 1)
INTRODUCTION
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The manufacturing core is outlined on the map
on page 89 of the text.
Although it straddles the U.S.- Canadian boarder,
the international boundary has little impact on
the region's shape.
Heavy manufacturing is concentrated throughout
the Ohio Valley, Megalopolis, and along the
southern shores of the Great Lakes.
The western part of the region blends with the
agricultural core.
NORTH AMERICA’S MANUFACTURING CORE
KEY TERMS
Core area
 Accessibility resources
 Heavy industry
 Hinterland
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KEY TERMS
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Core Area
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The portion of a country that contains its economic,
political, intellectual, and cultural focus
Often the center of creativity and change
Can be approximated by viewing the region of greatest
overlap among the cultural, political and economic
heartlands
Accessibility Resources
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Naturally occurring landscape features that facilitate the
interaction between places.
 Navigable waterways - rivers and the Great Lakes
 Provided distinct advantages to the manufacturing core
KEY TERMS
(continued)
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Heavy Industry
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The conversion of large volumes of raw materials and
partially processed materials into products of higher value
Involves considerable capital investments in large machinery
and heavy energy consumption
Relatively small acreages of heavy industrial activity may
account for enormous percentages of overall production.
Only 3% of the total land area of the U.S. and Canada
accounts for >50% of the steel production and 71% of all
cars.
STEEL
PRODUCTION
KEY TERMS
(continued)
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Hinterland
 The area tributary to a place, which is linked to
that place through lines of exchange or
interaction
 Usually refers to "the country behind"
 A surrounding area that is served by an urban
center
MANUFACTURING CORE
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Location - Examine the map on page 88.
MILLION DOLLAR QUESTION: Why is the manufacturing
core located as depicted?
 HINT: The location of any manufacturing center depends
upon the availability of the following basic requirements:
 raw materials
 labor
 a market
 transportation
 energy availability
KEY ADVANTAGES
(of the Manufacturing Core)
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1. Raw Materials - Enormous reserves of coal and
iron ore are available within the core region.
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2. Labor - In its infancy, the core benefited from
thousands of immigrants in search of manual labor
type jobs. Today, the region still houses a major
concentration of the country's population.
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3. Market - The core possesses a large internal
market as well as being accessible to other regional
markets, Canada, and abroad.
KEY ADVANTAGES
(of the Manufacturing Core)
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4. Transportation - The Ohio River System and the
Great Lakes have proved to be tremendous
accessibility resources. Major valleys (such as the
Ohio, Mohawk, and Susquehanna) have facilitated
the construction of railroads, and more recently,
interstate highways.
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5. Energy - Water power, later oil, and now coal for
burning in power plants, make this an energy rich
region.
PHYSIOGRAPHIC
REGIONS
NORTH AMERICA’S
FOSSIL FUELS
COAL FIELDS
THE STEEL CITY
MORPOLOGY OF THE US URBANINDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE
WHEN did the pattern evolve?
 WHERE were the key hubs?
 WHY were these places important?
 HOW did individual cities contribute to
regional and national patterns?
 WHAT were the underlying processes?
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BORCHERT'S MODEL
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The historical growth of the U.S. urban system
Based on key changes in transportation and
industrial energy
 1790-1830 (Sail Wagon Epoch)
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era characterized by slow, primitive overland and
waterway movement
 Boston, New York, and Philadelphia
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1830-1870 (Iron Horse Epoch)
 The
period that witnessed the arrival and spread of the
steam powered railroad and small-scale industry
 Pittsburgh, Chicago, and Detroit
BORCHERT'S MODEL
(continued)
-1870-1920 (Steel Rail Epoch)
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Coincided with the American industrial revolution.
The steel industry thrived.
-1920-1960 (Auto-Air Amenity Epoch)
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Marked the final stage of industrial urbanization
and maturation of the U.S. urban system.
The gasoline engine made a significant impact.
Automobiles, trucks, and airplanes served to
enhance mobility and accessibility.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
EPOCH (1960-PRESENT)
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As an extension of Borchert's Model
Applies to the U.S. and Canada
Economies have become more dependent on the
production and exchange of information, rather
than manufacturing.
Earlier locational advantages may not
necessarily provide developmental advantages
during the information technology era.
THE NORTH AMERICAN
MANUFACTURING CORE
(CHAPTER 5: PART 1)