Transcript FQ2 What migration mvmts are there within NZ and

F.Q.2 What migration movements are there within New
Zealand and what are the associated issues?
Why are people moving from place to place?
• People migrate because they want to
improve their lives e.g more money, better
education etc
• For people to think of moving life must be
either:
Better in another place (pull factor)
Bad where they live
(push factor)
For most it’s a mixture of both
Look how mobile we are : how often do we move in our lifetimes?
Young people are more likely to move than other groups. 31% of all people who move
from one area to another are likely to be aged between 15-24 years.
TASK: Draw a star diagram to give reasons why young people are more likely to move
houses than any other age groups.
HWK: Ask your parents how many homes they lived in between the ages of 15-24
years. Do they fit this idea?
• Moving affects both the region they have
come from and the region they move to.
Communities need to be aware of this so
that changes can be made to cater for the
new population.
• Although people move in almost all
directions, there are some patterns of
movement that are more dominant than
others.
Dominant population movements
• Northward Drift
• Rural to urban
migration
F.Q.2 What migration movements are there within New
Zealand and what are the associated issues?
Head up F.Q.2… (we’re starting a new focussing
question so write as above)
Then:
• Complete the activities in the box on page 51
• Complete the activities in the box on page 52
• Get an outline map of NZ from Ms De Souza
and copy the arrows from the 13.2 diagram
• Get ‘Rural- Urban’ drift’ question sheet from Ms
De Souza and complete
Northward Drift: The population moves north
•
•
•
The graph
shows that the
North Island has
grown a lot
faster than the
South Island.
Study the graph
to find out which
year the North
Island ‘overtook’
the South
Island.
Is the difference
getting less or
more
pronounced?
Give 2 reasons
for the rapid
growth of the
North Island.
Directions of Internal movement 1986-1991
TASK:
Using the diagram (13.2 in textbook)
and the information on the next
slide:
• Convert the information
shown by the arrows
on the map into short
paragraphs.
• Set the paragraphs out
in sentences that:
– Make a general
statement about a group
of arrows.
– Explain the movement
more exactly.
– Suggest reasons for the
movement.
Why do people move north?
TASK: write the following points down, listing next to
each point whether it was a push factor or a pull factor
(pushing out of southern areas, pulling people towards the north)
• End of the Otago gold rushes 1860’s.
• Maori wars ended brought peace and safety in the North
Island for European settlement.
• Immigration policies encouraged people to live in the
North Island.
• Opening up of the kauri fields in Northland.
• Development of dairy farming in the N.I.
• Increased urbanisation caused more diversity in jobs in
the North Island
• The significance of Auckland as an urban area.
Rural to urban drift
Use pages 53-55 of the Population Studies textbook to
complete the following:
1. Is rural- urban drift simply from country to
town?
2. Why do people move to large towns/ large
cities?
3. What are the two main factors for people
moving within cities?
4. Multi-line graph (table and activity on next slide)
5. Copy diagram 13.5 on page 54
Step-wise migration
• Rural-urban drift is not simply from country to
town.
• People often move in steps eg country areas
to small towns to small cities then finally to a
big city.
• Called stepwise migration
Q: Why do people move in small steps
from country areas to cities?
E.G Matamata- Cambridge- Hamilton- Auckland
Why do people move to large towns/ large cities?
• Mechanisation on farms reduced employment.
• Greater accessibility to health and education.
Also entertainment.
• Range of jobs available.
• To follow family members who have moved.
• Uncertainty of income in the country regions
Rural and urban population percentages
in New Zealand, 1901-2003
• Use the table below to
draw a multi-line
graph of the data – be
sure to give your
graph a title (including
dates), label the axes,
give your graph a key
(one colour for rural
and another for urban
populations) and
remember to start the
graph on the y axis.
Year
Rural
Population %
Urban
Population %
1901
54.4
45.6
1926
31.61
68.39
1945
25.8
74.2
1966
20.7
79.3
1986
15.1
84.9
1991
15.0
85.0
2003
12.0
88.0
Push/ Pull model of rural to urban
migration
Intra-urban migration: people moving
within cities
• Family
circumstances
change.
• Income and
jobs change.
• Housing
needs
change.
• Different
areas attract
different types
of people.
Moving within a city- changes
with stages of life
Examples of intra-urban movement
in Auckland
• Leaving home, studying at university e.g Mt
Albert to Onehunga (flatting).
• First job e.g apartment in Eden Terrace, flat
in Grey Lynn/ Ponsonby
• Marriage – renting house in Blockhouse Bay
• First home – purchase home in Avondale
• Bigger family home in Mt Albert with arrival of
first child
• Larger family home in Mt Eden – stay until
retire
• Retirement area in Orewa.
Inter-urban migration
• Migration between cities.
E.G from Wellington to Auckland
• Why does this occur?
– Jobs often the main reason for this
movement.
Counter flows
• Urban to rural – looking for a lifestyle change
e.g…
• North to South – moving to South Island –
change in lifestyle, cheaper accommodation,
reunite with family.
• Large cities to small towns/coastal towns –
retirement, cheaper housing costs.
F.Q.2 What are the effects of movements
on the places of origin, destination and
migrants themselves
What are the effects of movements on the places of
origin
• Rural Depopulation
What are the effects of movements on the destination
• Suburban sprawl
• Infill housing
• Gentrification
Suburban sprawl
• Urbanisation has
caused suburban
sprawl
• Trams brought the 1st
wave of suburban
development to NZ’s
towns/ cities
• But after 1930’s cars
were more popular!
• Rapid urbanisation after the development of
motorways caused the spread of residential
suburbs in Auckland and Wellington…which
caused:
– Commuter traffic
– Traffic congestion
– Loss of quality farmland
Recent trends
• Infill housing:
subdivision of property, to
build more houses
• Gentrification:
renovation of poor and
working class urban
neighbourhoods and the
displacement of the original
residents
What differences are there in living
conditions within NZ?
Living conditions worksheet