Transcript The Five Themes of Geography

Warm-up
Wednesday, August 29th
• Why would it be important to know the
location of a place when studying history?
Geography
• Title your Sheet of Paper “Five Themes
of Geography”
• What is it? Write this definition
– Geography: The scientific study of the Earth’s
surface.
• The Five Themes:
–
–
–
–
–
Location
Place
Human-Environmental Interactions
Movement
Region
Theme 1: Location
• Where is it?
– Relative location- where is it in relation to
some other place (example- BLRA is
behind the recreation center)?
– Absolute location- precise description of
location –latitude and longitude
• Parallels of latitude measure distances north
and south of the line called the Equator.
• Meridians of longitude measure distances
east and west of the line called the Prime
Meridian.
• Geographers use latitude and longitude to
pinpoint a place’s absolute location.
• Latitude and longitude are like an imaginary
grid across the globe and the coordinates on
that grid tell us exactly where something is
located.
Use the Red Desk Atlas on page 10 to fill out the chart.
City Name
1)
Hungary
2)
Anchorage, Alaska
3)
Sao Paulo, Brazil
4)
Cambodia
5)
Tokyo, Japan
6)
New York City,
New York
7)
Lima, Peru
8)
Hawaii
Latitude
N/S
Longitude
E/W
• Place: refers to the mix of
Theme
human and nonhuman
features at a given location.
• All places have characteristics
that give them meaning and
character and distinguish them
from other places on Earth.
• Geographers describe places
by their physical and human
characteristics.
– Physical characteristics- animal
life
– Human characteristicsarchitecture, land use,
transportation networks.
– Languages, as well as religious
and political ideologies, help
shape the character of a place.
2: Place
Place Activities
• On a sheet of paper, write a description of a
place that is known without naming it.
Think about the physical and human
characteristics of this place. Trade with
another student and see if they can name
the place.
Theme 3: Region
• Region- an area with at least
one unifying physical or human
feature such as climate,
landforms, population, or history.
• The theme of region is very
similar, yet quite different, from
the theme of Place. A region
can include a place or be part of
a place. A region can be as
small as a school, or as large as
an ocean or continent.
Write three different ways these
two regions are different.
Colorado Springs, Colorado
New York City, New York
Theme 4: Human/Environment Interaction
• Human-environment interaction considers how people affect
their environment, or their natural surroundings, and how their
environment affects them.
• The environment means different things to different people,
depending on their cultural backgrounds and technological
resources. In studying human/environment interaction,
geographers look at all the effects—positive and negative—that
occur when people interact with their surroundings. Sometimes
a human act, such as damming a river to prevent flooding or to
provide irrigation, requires consideration of the potential
consequences. The construction of Hoover Dam on the
Colorado River, for example, changed the natural landscape,
but it also created a reservoir that helps provide water and
electric power for the arid Southwest. Studying the
consequences of human/environment interaction helps people
plan and manage the environment responsibly
Photo Fun
• Number your page 1-4.
• Look at the next four photos and try to
identify where these dwellings might be
built.
• Identify features that are advantages in the
environment where these houses are
located. Think about how the people living
in these dwelling have adapted to their
environment.
Photo 1
Photo 2
Photo 3
Photo 4
Theme 5: Movement
•
Movement explores how
people, goods, and ideas get
from one place to another.
1. Write down your favorite
food.
2. Write down another place
that you have lived (if you
have) or where your parents
used to live.
3. Look at the tag in your shoes
and write down where your
shoes were made.
• Try to figure out where each food was first
made. On a map, draw a line from where these
food were made to Colorado Springs. This is
an example of the movement of ideas. How to
do something, or how to make something, is an
idea.
• Draw lines in a different color from the places
people have lived to Colorado Springs. This is
an example of the movement of people.
• Draw lines in a different color from the places
your shoes are made. This is an example of
the movement of goods and products.
• END OF FIVE THEMES LESSON PROJECT
• After an introduction to the five themes of geography,
divide the class into five cooperative groups. Allow
each group to choose one of the five themes of
geography. After all the themes of geography have
been selected. Hand out copies of old magazines to
each group. Instruct the group that they are to search
through the magazines for pictures that depict their
theme of geography. After selecting the pictures for
their theme, they are to glue the pictures to the
posterboard and make a collage. They are to write
their theme at the top of the posterboard. After all
groups have finished their theme posters, a
spokesperson is selected from each group. Each
cooperative group will take turns having their
spokesperson present their group's poster to the rest
of the class, explaining why they chose the pictures
that are on their poster and how the pictures relate to
their theme.
Geography
•Scientific study of the
Earth’s surface.
Location
•Where is it?
–Relative location- where is it in
relation to some other place.
Absolute location- precise
description of location.
Place
• A location described by
specific characteristics.
Both natural and human,
or cultural,
characteristics.
Region
• Geographers divide the world into
manageable units of study called regions.
Some regions are defined in terms of a
single characteristic, while others meet a
complex set of criteria. The criteria for
defining a region can be either natural or
cultural and may change over time.
Human-Environment Interaction
• The ways different groups interact with
their environments are affected by cultural
background and technological resources.
Geographers look at all effects- positive
and negative- that occur when people
interact with their surroundings.
Movement
• People, products, information, and ideas
move in patterns. The theme of
movement concerns human interactions;
the ways we are linked with regions,
cultures, and people beyond our
immediate environment.
• Archipelago: a large
group of islands
• Atoll: a ring of coral
that encloses a pool
of seawater
• Badlands: wasteland
that has been carved
into unusual shapes
by wind and water
• Bay: a body of water
that extends into the
land
• Beach: a rocky or
sandy edge of land
along a body of water
• Butte: an isolated hill
with sloping sides and
a small, flat top
• Canyon: a deep
valley with steep
sides
• Cape: a point of land
that juts out into water
• Cave: a hollow area
in the earth with an
opening to the outside
• Channel: a body of
water that connects
two larger bodies of
water
• Cliff: a high, steep
face of rock or earth.
• Continent: one of the
seven great land
masses on earth.
• Delta: a fan-shaped
deposit of sand and
mud at the mouth of a
river.
• Desert: a region of
little rainfall where few
plants and animals
live.
• Dune: a hill of sand
formed by blowing
wind
• Fjord: a long, narrow
inlet of the sea
between cliffs or
slopes.
• Forest: a large area of
land covered with
trees and other plants
• Geyser: a spring that
spouts hot water and
steam from time to
time
• Glacier: a large mass
of ice that moves very
slowly down a
mountain or through a
valley
• Gulf: a large body of
salt water that is
partly enclosed by
land
• Hill: a raised part of
the earth’s surface
that is lower than a
mountain
• Iceberg: a huge block
of floating ice that has
broken off a glacier
• Island: a piece of land
that is surrounded by
water
• Isthmus: a narrow
strip of land that
connects two larger
land areas
• Jungle: an area of
thick, tangled plants
usually found near a
river or swamp
• Lagoon: a shallow
body of water that is
partly cut off from the
sea
• Lake: an inland body
of fresh or salt water
• Marsh: a low, wet
area where grasses,
rushes, and cattails
grow.
• Mesa: a raised area
with steep sides and
a large, flat top
• Mountain: a high area
of land with steep
sides and a sharp
peak
• Ocean: the body of
salt water that covers
most of the earth.
• Peninsula: an area of
land that is nearly
surrounded by water
• Plain: a large, low
area of flat or rolling
land with few trees.
• Plateau: a flat area of
land that is higher
than the land around
it
• Prairie: a region of flat
or hilly land covered
by tall grasses.
• River: a long body of
water that flows over
land.
• Sea: a body of salt
water that is partly
enclosed by land
• Sound: a long wide
ocean inlet
• Strait: a narrow body
of water that connects
two larger bodies of
water
• Swamp: a low, wet
area where trees and
high shrubs grow
• Tundra: a cold, dry,
treeless region where
mosses, grasses, and
lichens grow
• Valley: an area of low
land between
mountains or hills.
• Volcano: a hole in the
earth’s crust through
which lava, gases,
and ash are released
• Waterfall: a stream of
water that falls from a
high place
1) Marsh, Prairie, or Plain
2) Fjord, Delta, or Glacier
• A low, wet
area where
grasses,
rushes, and
cattails grow.
3) Isthmus, Delta, or Dune
•
4) Canyon, Cliff, or Badlands
• A fan shaped
deposit of sand
and mud at the
mouth of a river.
5) Archipelago, Atoll, or Lagoon
• A ring of coral
that encloses
a pool of
seawater
A large mass of
ice that moves
very slowly down
a mountain or
through a valley.
•
Wasteland that
has been carved
into unusual
shapes by wind
and water.
6) Channel, Strait, or Peninsula
•
A narrow body of
water that
connects two
larger bodies of
water.
7) Mesa, Butte, or Plateau
• A flat area of
land that is
higher than
the land
around it.
9) Fjord, Canyon, or Sound
• a long, narrow
inlet of the sea
between cliffs or
slopes.
8) Canyon, Valley, or Hill
•
An area of low
land between
mountains or
hills.
10) Beach, Archipelago, or Bay
•
A large group of
islands.
2) Choose One
• Glacier
• Fjord
• Delta
3) Choose One
• Dune
• Isthmus
• Delta
4) Choose One
• Canyon
• Badlands
• Cliff
5) Choose One
• Cape
• Fjord
• Peninsula
6) Choose One
• Hill
• Mountain
• Valley
7) Choose One
• Atoll
• Archipelago
• Lagoon
8) Choose One
• Waterfall
• Geyser
• River
9) Choose One
• Hill
• Isthmus
• Dune
10) Choose One
• Mesa
• Butte
• Plateau
What does a geographer do?
•
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Urban Planner/Community
Development
Geography is a natural tie-in with
urban or city planning. City
planners work on zoning, land
use, and new developments, from
a gas station renovation to the
development of whole new
sections of urban area. You'll work
with individual property owners,
developers, and other officials. If
you're interested in this area, be
sure to take urban geography and
urban planning classes. An
internship with a city planning
agency is essential experience for
this type of work.
• Transportation management
• Like urban and city planning,
there are opportunities in local
government but regional transit
authorities or shipping,
logistics, and transportation
companies look kindly to
someone with transportation
geography in their background
and good computer and
analytical skills.
• Cartographer
• For those with cartography
course backgrounds may
enjoy work as a cartographer.
The news media, book
publishers, atlas publishers,
government agencies and
others are looking for
cartographers to help produce
maps. This would likely require
relocation.
• Climatologist
• Agencies like the National
Weather Service, news media,
the Weather Channel, and
other government entities
occasionally need
climatologist. Admittedly, these
jobs usually go to those with
meteorology degrees, a
geographer with experience
and vast coursework in
meteorology and climatology
would definitely be an asset.
• GIS Specialist
• City governments, county
agencies, and other
government agencies and
private groups are often in
need of experienced GIS
professionals. Coursework and
internships in GIS are
especially important. Computer
programming or engineering
skills are very helpful in this
arena - the more about
computers and languages you
know, the better off you are.
• Environmental Management
• A plethora of environmental
assessment, cleanup, and
management companies exist
throughout the world today. A
geographer brings excellent
skills for project management
and the development of reports
like environmental impact
reports. It's often a wide-open
field with tremendous growth
opportunities.
•
•
Teaching/Faculty
Becoming a high school or
university geography instructor
requires additional education
beyond your undergraduate
degree but it would certainly be
rewarding to instill your love of
geography with future
geographers. Becoming a
geography professor will allow you
to research the world of
geography and add to the body of
knowledge developed by
geographers
•
•
Emergency Management
Emergency management is an underexplored field for geographers.
Geography majors make great
emergency managers. They
understand the interactions between
humans and the environment, know
about hazards and earth processes,
and can understand maps. Add in a bit
of political acumen and leadership
skills and you have a great emergency
manager. Get started in this field by
taking hazard courses in geography,
geology, and sociology and intern with
a local emergency management
agency or the Red Cross.
• Demographer
• For the population geographer
who loves demographic data,
what can be more rewarding
than becoming a demographer
and working for state or federal
agencies to help develop
population estimates and
present data? The U.S.
Census Bureau is one of the
few entities that actually has a
position titled "Geographer."
Interning in a local planning
agency will help in this area.
•
•
•
•
Marketing
Along a similar vein of
demography, marketing is a good
career for those interested in
taking demographic information
and getting the word out to those
who match the demographics
you're searching for. This is one of
the more glamorous arenas a
geographer can get involved in.
Librarian/Information Scientist
Your research skills as a
geographer apply particularly well
to work as a librarian. If you want
to help people navigate the world
of information, this is a potential
career for you.
• National Park Service Ranger
• Are you a physical geographer who needs to be outside and couldn't
even consider working in an office? Perhaps a career in the National
Park Service is right up your alley?
• Real Estate Appraisal
• Real estate appraisers develop an opinion of value for a specific
piece of property. The work involves research into appropriate
market areas, the assemblage of pertinent data, and the use of
various analytical techniques to provide an opinion that reflects all
pertinent market evidence. This multidisciplinary field incorporates
aspects from geography, economics, finance, environmental
planning, and law. A solid foundation in geography is essential to a
real estate appraiser’s success and typical appraisal tools include
aerial photos, topographic maps, GIS, and GPS.