Transcript School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000

Global School-Based Student Health Survey: Monitoring
Student Hygiene/Sanitation Behaviors in Ghana
Andrew Owusu Ph.D.
Research Workshop in Water Supply, Sanitation and health related
to schools and local communities in West Africa
September 18th – 20th 2007
*A contribution to theWHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance
Presentation Overview
 Background
 Introduction to GSHS
 GSHS Purpose
 GSHS Modules (10)
 Hygiene
 Sampling and Questionnaire (hygiene
questions)
 Implications for the future
 Summary
GSHS Introduction
 2001: WHO with technical assistance from CDC,
initiates development of the GSHS (CDC, 2006)
 GSHS relation to US Youth Risk Behavior Survey
(YRBS).
 2003: Ghana Nutritional Risk Behavior Survey
(School-Based,Youth)
 2006: Middle Tennessee State University initiates
implementation work on GSHS
 2007 GSHS data collection
 September 17th – 28th
GSHS Purpose
To provide accurate data on students to:
1. Help countries develop priorities, establish
programmes, and advocate for resources
2. Establish trends in the prevalence of health
behaviors and protective factors by country
3. Allow countries and international agencies
to make comparisons across countries
The GSHS Sample
 2-stage probability sample
 1st stage – selection of schools
 selected with probability proportional to
size
 schools with grades that 13-15 year olds
attend
 selected at CDC
 2nd stage – selection of classrooms
 selected randomly
 selected in country
Ghana Sample
 75 Schools from all 10 regions in Ghana
 3 Super Zones (SR)
 North, Central and South
 25 Schools Per Zone
Super Region
North
Central
South
Eligible Population
Enrollment
Sample Size*
6,084
4,426
4,638
15,148
1,875
1,875
1,875
5,625
 *Target number is 1500 in each zone. Presented number reflects over
sampling due to expect 80% participation rate
Ghana Super Zones for 2007 GSHS Implementation
Northern Zone
Central Zone
Southern Zone
GSHS Questionnaire
GSHS Questionnaire
 The GSHS questionnaire consists of:
 Core questionnaire modules
 Core-expanded questions
 Country-specific questions
Core Questionnaire Modules
 10 core questionnaire modules
 Contain 52 questions
 Measure the most important health behaviors
and protective factors
 Contain from 3 to 7 questions
 Must use at least 6 of the 10 modules with no
changes
 Cannot have more than 99 questions total –
fewer are recommended
Core Questionnaire Modules
 Respondent demographics – 3
 Alcohol and other drug use – 6
 Dietary behaviors – 5
 Hygiene – 4
 Mental health – 6
 Physical activity - 5
 Protective factors – 5
 Sexual behaviors that contribute to HIV infection,
other STI, and unintended pregnancy – 5
 Tobacco use – 6
 Unintentional injury and violence - 7
Core-expanded questions
 To collect more detailed information on
selected core questionnaire module
topics.
 More questions
 Behavior
 Attitude
 Knowledge
 Sources of information
 Hygiene (7)
Country Specific Questions
 Question on topics of unique interest and
importance to a particular country.
 Ghana
 Hygiene
 Malaria
 Worm infestation
Ghana GSHS Hygiene Module
The 2007 Ghana GSHS looks at
hygiene in 2 settings
A. General
B. At School
GSHS Hygiene Components
BEHAVIOR
at School
• Use of soap when washing
hands
• Hand washing after toilet or
latrine use
• Frequency of toilet or
latrine use
• Method of hand washing
before eating
BEHAVIOR
In General
• Brushing of teeth
• Hand washing before meals
• Hand washing after toilet or
latrine use
• Use of soap when washing
hands
Access
• Source of drinking water at
school
• Designated hand washing
area after toilet/latrine use
in school
Environment
• Cleanliness of toilets or
latrines at school
Knowledge
• Taught how to wash hands
at school?
Summary
 Youth health risk behavior assessment
 Assessment capacity building
 Use of prevalence data
 Future Issues
Future Issues
 Sustainability
 Expansion to older youth
 Senior secondary schools
 Interventions/Programs
 Data based, customized
 Hypothesis generation and testing
 Promoting Hygiene/Sanitation through
school sports
SO, did I give you……