Transcript Living with Risk: The need to build partnerships

CEUDIP Meeting
19-20 November Bonn
Disaster Risk Reduction
Developments Using the
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Hyogo Framework for Action
Paola Albrito
Regional Coordinator Europe, International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (UN/ISDR)
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Part 1: Disaster Risk Reduction Global Trends
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Intensive Disaster Risk
• 82% disaster mortality 1975-2005 in 20 large disasters
with over 10,000 deaths each, mainly in developing
countries
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• 38.5% disaster economic loss in 21 large disasters with
over US $10 billion losses each, mainly in developed
countries
• Disaster loss, particularly mortality, is concentrated in
intensive risk hotspots
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Global Hotspot study (World Bank)
= lowest 40%
= middle 30%
= highest 20%
25 million km sq. and 3.4 billion people are relatively highly
exposed to at least one natural hazard; 105 million people are
relatively highly exposed to three or more hazards.
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Global Trends - Disasters are NOT natural
Natural and human-induced hazards
Climate change and variables
(global warming and “global dimming”)
HAZARDS +
EXTREME EVENTS
Socio-economic: poverty,
unplanned urban growth, lack of
awareness and institutional capacities...
Physical: insufficient land use planning,
housing, infrastructures located in hazard
prone areas...
VULNERABILITY
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Environmental degradation
ecosystem degradation; coastal,
watershed, marshlands…), etc.
Natural hazard
X
Vulnerability
=
Disaster Risk
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WCDR outcomeHyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 (HFA)
 3 Strategic goals
 5 Priorities for action
 Implementation and follow-up
• Integrate disaster risk reduction into policies, plans and
programmes of sustainable development and poverty reduction
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• Recognize risk reduction as both a humanitarian and
development issue – in the context of sustainable development
• Focus on national implementation, with bilateral, multilateral,
regional and international cooperation
• Targets and indicators to be developed according to needs
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Part 2: Progress on the Implementation of the
Hyogo Framework for Action
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Progress: HFA Priority Area 1
• Political momentum at the national and regional level in
all regions
• Large scale disasters as catalysts for new institutional
arrangements and legislation
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• Focus on disaster preparedness and response. Low
involvement of development sectors
• Difficulties in implementation
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Progress: HFA Priority Area 2
• Growing involvement in compiling national hazard, risk
and loss information
• Information not yet mainstreamed into planning and
decision making
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• Major advances in early warning
• Difficulties in linking warning to response and national
systems to local capacities
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Progress: HFA Priority Area 3
• Important progress in introducing disaster reduction into
the school curricula in all regions
• Public awareness programmes
• Information portals
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• Focused principally on preparedness and response
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Progress: HFA Priority Area 4
• Enhancements to building codes and planning standards
• Incorporation of disaster reduction into poverty and
development strategies
• Limited progress in hazard mitigation and vulnerability
reduction
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• Low engagement of private sector; civil society ; financial
sector (risk transfer)
• Lack of integration of disaster reduction and adaptation to
climate change strategies
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Progress: HFA Priority Area 5
• Widespread progress in improving mechanisms for
preparedness and response
• Strengthening of capacities of both local authorities and
communities
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• Local level disaster risk reduction is not addressing risk
factors
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June 2007
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First session
of the Global
Platform
Part 3: Next steps, follow-up to the Global
Platform (Chair’s Summary)
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Supporting country efforts
•
The need for action is more urgent than ever - growing
risk and slow progress in implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action
•
Support to the achievement of a target number of national
platforms for disaster risk reduction is needed
•
Investment in risk reduction needs to be substantially
increased
•
Countries need to quickly establish systems to monitor
and report on their risk profiles and on the
implementation of the Hyogo Framework
•
The private sector should be engaged
•
Focus and selection is necessary
June 2007
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First session
of the Global
Platform
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www.preventionweb.net/globalplatform
Programme focus
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Climate change
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Many cities and urban areas are crucibles of growing
disaster risk
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Women are among the most vulnerable in disasters
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Regional cooperation can play a major role in scaling
proven practices
ISDR system development
June 2007
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First session
of the Global
Platform
•
More effort to engage development partners and other
key constituencies
•
An important task is to develop the ISDR system’s
regional mechanisms, thematic capacities and
networking
•
The Trust Fund for Disaster Reduction needs
strengthening to support joint work
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GFDRR:
 Track 1 Global and Regional Deliverables
 Track 2:
Country level deliverables
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 Track 3:
Accelerated Disaster Recovery in Low Income Countries
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Vulnerability of SEE Region
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SEE is prone to variety of disasters caused
by the natural and man-made hazards:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Earthquakes (Skopje 1963; Bucharest 1977)
Floods (seasonal water surges in Balkans)
Landslides (localized, affecting communities)
Drought
Forest Fire
Technological accidents
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Rationale for the Regional Cooperation
• Many hazards are common to a number of
neighboring countries
• Information sharing will allow for greater reduction of
hazard risk at the national and regional level
• Individual countries may not be able to cope with a
major disaster on their own
• Stand-by, fully equipped emergency response units
and relief materials are expensive
• Countries are small in size and hazards risk
insurance may not be optimal at the country level
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Objective:
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To reduce vulnerability of SEE countries, in line with the Hyogo
Framework for Action, by building the capacity and promoting a
coordinated approach in disaster risk mitigation, preparedness and
response.
The initiative will build on the existing cooperation in the region, and will
complement and consolidate the activities promoted by active
organizations and initiatives in the region.
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Key Areas of the Initiative:
 Hydrological and meteorological forecasting, data sharing and early
warning system
 Strengthening regional capacities in disaster risk reduction and
response
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 Financing of disaster losses and risk transfer mechanism
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What to do and how to do it:
Step 1) Undertake a review for each of the 3 areas of focus; (Get
involvement and buying in of national, regional partners)
Step 2) Based on outcome review develop project proposal (WB leader);
Identify a number of countries to express interest on loans/grants WB
as well as committed partners to support the initiative (WMO, EU/EC
etc..)
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Step 3) Implementation phase. (Strengthen sub-regional existing
organizations to facilitate the implementation phase in the SEE
context)
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Hydrological and Meteorological Forecasting, Data Sharing
and Early Warning System
• Initiative has been agreed during the ICEED meeting in
Dubrovnik in May 2006
• Strong partnership with WMO
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• Objective of this initiative is to promote a coordinated approach
and data sharing in Hydromet services in South Eastern Europe
• Feasibility assessment has been completed and was discussed
in a regional meeting on October 24-25, 2007 in Zagreb
• Coverage: Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro,
Croatia, Albania, Macedonia, Bosnia & Herzegovina
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Flood Forecasting and Early Warning System on Sava River
• Initiative was agreed during Podgorica meeting of the
Directors of Hydromet services in Sava river countries in April
2007.
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• Objectives is to build capacity and to re-establish data sharing
and collaboration on flood forecasting and early warning
system on the Sava river.
• Feasibility Assessment has been completed and discussed in
a regional meeting in Zagreb on October 24-25, 2007.
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Disaster Risk Reduction and Response
• Objectives is to promote and implement investment priorities for
strengthening the capacity and promote a coordinated
approach to disaster preparedness and response
• Will be built on existing agreements: Civil-Military Emergency
Planning Council and the Disaster Preparedness Initiative of
the Stability Pact
• Vulnerability Assessment is completed
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• More detailed assessment of disaster response is needed.
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Catastrophe Risk Transfer
• Creation of a regional catastrophe insurance pool that would
offer affordably-priced catastrophe insurance coverage to
governments of SEE countries.
• Development of national catastrophe insurance programs for
homeowners.
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• Development of standardized tradable weather risk hedging
instruments to protect businesses against loss of revenue due
to adverse weather conditions.
• Structuring and issuance of a catastrophe risk bond for
countries of the region.
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Disaster Risk Reduction and Response
• Objectives is to promote and implement investment priorities for
strengthening the capacity and promote a coordinated
approach to disaster preparedness and response
• Will be built on existing agreements: Civil-Military Emergency
Planning Council and the Disaster Preparedness Initiative of
the Stability Pact
• Vulnerability Assessment is completed
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• More detailed assessment of disaster response is needed.
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Partnership
WB-UN/ISDR secretariat in partnership with main UN agencies and actors
based on the priority areas:
UN Agencies part of the ISDR system: WMO, UNICEF, UNDP etc..
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Regional Organizations: Council of Europe, the EU, DPPI, OECD etc..
•
Bi-lateral/Multilateral donors: Denmark, Finland, Switzerland, Italy etc.. (if
interest shown by the SEE countries and by donor)
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•
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Program Components
WB on the DRIVING SEAT
• The following broad components/activities are eligible for
financing under the program:
–
–
–
–
Disaster Preparedness
Disaster Risk Insurance
Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation
Contingency funding
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• Components/activities will be tailored to country-specific needs
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Component I: Disaster Preparedness
• Eligible activities
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– Emergency management equipment such as fire trucks,
ambulances, search and rescue equipment, ..etc
– Communications equipment
– National Command Center
– Forest fire fighting equipment, including planes
– Weather forecasting and flood early warning system, etc.
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Component II: Disaster Risk Insurance
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• Eligible activities
– Development of disaster insurance schemes that cover:
• Government budget
• Business
• Individual households
– Technical Assistance to build government capacity in
catastrophe risk analysis and risk transfer
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Component III: Disaster Risk Reduction and
Adaptation
• Eligible activities
– Hazards mapping
– Flood control
– Dam safety
– Retrofitting of schools and hospitals
– Retrofitting of major infrastructure
– Revisions of building codes and land use plans
– Etc..
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Component IV: Contingency Funding
• Eligible activities
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– Immediate Funds for the use of government in the
aftermath of a disaster caused by the impact of
natural hazards.
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Phasing
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• Phase I: Will include relatively cheap, but high impact, nonstructural components/activities
– Disaster Preparedness
– Insurance
– Non-structural activities under Disaster Risk Reduction and
Adaptation – such as revisions in building codes and land
use plans and hazards mapping
– Development of comprehensive national strategies for
disaster risk mitigation and adaptation
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Phasing (Cont.)
• Phase II: Structural investments
– Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation – such as flood
control, dam safety, retrofitting of buildings, retrofitting of key
infrastructure, ..etc.
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• Countries may choose to combine phase I and phase II under
one operation
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Phasing (cont.)
• In both phases governments could have access to
contingency funding (called DDO) in the aftermath of
disasters
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• DDO will provide financing to meet the immediate
cash needs of government following a disaster
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Advantages of Phasing
• Will enable speedy preparation and start implementation of
critical activities under phase I
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• Will give governments time to come up with a comprehensive
strategy for disaster risk reduction and adaptation to define
priorities according to economic, financial, environmental and
social criteria
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Next Steps and Timing
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Bank communicated to all governments on the proposed program
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Interested governments will decide on the list of components/activities
to be included in their project
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Bank team will work with governments to finalize project documents
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Financing arrangements will be agreed with governments and other
partners.
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Thank you
United Nations, secretariat of the
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
International Environment House II
7-9 Chemin de Balexert, CH 1219 Chatelaine
Geneva 10, Switzerland
Tel: +41 22 917 8908/8907
Fax: +41 22 917 8964
[email protected]
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