Transcript Risk Assessment and Monitoring for Environmental Chemicals

Risk Assessment and Monitoring for
Environmental Chemicals
By
Abdullah Al- Darmaki
Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries – Oman
E-mail : [email protected]
Introduction to Oman
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The Sultanate of Oman
occupies the southeastern
part
of
the
Arabian
Peninsula.
 Oman
extends between
latitude 26 20 and 16 40
North
and
between
longitude 59 40 and 51 50
East , along the Gulf of
Oman and the Arabian Sea,
from the Straits of Hormuz
in the north to the Yemeni
border in the south.
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HEAD OF STATE: His Majesty Sultan
Qaboos bin Said (since 1970)
AREA: 300,500 sq. km.
NEIGHBOURING
COUNTRIES:Yemen Arab Republic,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the
United Arab Emirates.
POPULATION: 2,331,391 (2003
Census)
The official language is Arabic. Islam is
the official religion, but other religions
are tolerated.
CAPITAL: Muscat
CURRENCY: Rial Omani (OR) of
1,000 baizas = US$2.58
NATIONAL DAY: 18th November
TIME DIFFERENCE: GMT + 4 hours
Topographic of Oman
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The topographic of Oman is varies
between plains which occupied 3 %
of the total land ( Batinah and
Dhofar ),mountains which occupied
15 % of the total land ( Muscat ,
Dhaklya and Musandam ) and sand
dunes which occupied 82 % of the
total land ( Wasta , Sharqiya and
Daherah ) .
 Oman divided into 8 regions which
are : Muscat , Musandam , Wasta ,
Dhofar,Batinah, Sharqiya , Daherah
, and Dhaklya.
Climate of Oman
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The climate differs from one area to
another. It is hot and humid in the
coastal areas in summer; while it is
hot and dry in the Interior.
 Rainfall is generally light and
irregular; although heavy rains and
thunderstorms can cause severe
flooding
 Average temperatures in the south,
Dhofar region has a moderate
climate and the pattern of rainfall is
more predictable with heavy
monsoon rains occurring regularly
between May and September.
 the north of Oman are 32 - 48 0C
from May to September; 26 - 36 0C
from October to April.
Monitoring Activities on Chemicals
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The registration and monitoring activities on chemicals including
pesticides is a sharing process between many concerned department in
the government which there is a cooperation between them in order to
maintain the complete monitoring activities.
Monitoring activities on chemicals
Ministry
of Health
Ministry of
Regional
Municipalities
& Environment
Ministry of
Commerce and
Industry
Royal
Oman
Police
Ministry of
Agriculture
and Fisheries
Ministry of Agricultural and Fisheries
Directorate General of Agriculture
Department of Plant Protection
Plant
Protection
section
Seedling
Plant
and Quarantine
Seeds
Section
Health
Section
Locust
Control
Unit
Pesticides in Agriculture
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It is clear that the pesticides is required in the
modern agriculture , so that it is occupied an
important part in the ministry of agriculture and
fisheries activities.
 Department of plant protection in the directorate
general of agriculture is the department in the
ministry of agriculture which are responsible
providing and using the pesticides for plant
protection and caring out the national controlling
programs and issuing pesticides permit.
Pesticides and Environment
Doubs Bug
Ommatissus Lybicus(Tropiduchidae: Homoptera)
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Date Palm tree is one of an
important economic tree in Oman
.There are 8 mullion trees
 Yearly there is a national aerial
spray program on the date palm
trees to control the doubs bug which
is done tow time / year.
 The reason for spraying this bug
twice a year is the presence of two
generations. One started in April and
called spring generation and the
other started in October and called
winter generation.
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In this process large quantity of
pesticides are used to cover
large area of date palm trees in
most regions of Oman
( villages ).
 Target area is a very large area
more than 30,000 acres sprayed
using more than 40,000 liters
of pesticides per each
generation
 This infestation is an historical
problem, which in our days
now have already more than 25
years in Oman
Table ( 1 ) represents the amount of pesticide
used and sprayed area in many regions of
Oman in the winter generation 2004 against
doubs bug in date palm trees .
Regions
Amount of Pesticide
( liter )
Area sprayed
( acre )
Batinah
8495
7158
Dhaklya
6345
4385
Daherah
5925
3649
Sharqiya
13040
8708
Musandam
800
800
Total
34605
24700
Table (2) type of pesticides used in
aerial spray
Type of
Pesticides
Group
Years of use Dosage
Dichlorophose
Organo
phosphorus
1990 - 1993
1.5L/ acre
Malathion
96% ULV
Organo
phosphorus
1993 - 1997
1 L / acre
Fenitrothion 96% Organo
ULV
phosphorus
1997 - 2002
0.8 L/ acre
Sumi combi alpha Organo
49%ULV
Phosphorus+
pyrethroid
2003 until
now
0.8 L/ acre
Pesticides Lap
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There is no study for the effect and side effect of
the pesticides on human ( staffs
who are
responsible of the spray and the farmers ) , useful
wild organism in the agriculture fields product ,
example the polluted insects , birds …etc , soil,
water and environment .
 From this training course I am looking forward to
learn , see and gain techniques which are used to
measure and monitor the environmental chemicals
and the risk assessment of monitoring it in the
plants , soil, water, …etc.
Ministry of Regional
Municipalities & Environment
Due to the rapid industrial and 
agricultural developments
regulation was set up to control
pesticides and chemicals imported
and used in the Sultanate.
Department of Chemical
Substances
According to Article (6) of the Royal Decree the Department of Chemicals 
substances was established.
Department Functions : 
1- Conducting Chemical analysis to determine the level of toxicity and 
hazardousness.
2- Granting permits for the use ,import, manufacturing and handling of 
hazardous chemicals.
3- Keeping a record of the hazardous chemicals in order to establish a 
hazardous chemicals databank .
4- Classifying chemicals in accordance with the national and international 
classifications.
5- Providing technical consulation on chemicals. 
6- Assigning inspectors who make sure that all the legal conditions are being 
met, checking on the chemical records and any violation to the law on
chemicals .
Sections of the Department
A) Monitoring and Assessment Section 
- Inspecting every one who deal with hazardous 
chemicals .
- Evaluating factories and establishment who
manufacture and
handle such substances .
- Detecting violation and samples to the Central Lab for analysis.
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B) Permits and Record Section 
- Reviewing hazardous chemicals registration forms . 
- Issuing permits for handling such substances together with adding 
information on the hazardous chemicals used in Oman to the database.
Laws and Regulations
The low of handling and use of chemicals was issued by Royal 
Decree No. 46/95.
- The regulation for Registration of Chemicals and the relevant 
permits was issued by Ministerial Decision No. (248/97).
- The regulation for the packing, packaging, tagging and labeling of 
hazardous chemicals issued by the ministerial decision no.(317/2001).
-The regulation for banning of handling or use of some hazardous 
chemicals issued by the ministerial decision no.(316/2001).
-The low on conservation of the environment and prevention of 
pollution issued by the royal decree no. ( 114/2001 ).
- The regulation for wastewater re-use and discharge by the ministerial 
decision no. (145/93).
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Conventions
1-Rotterdam Convention. 
2-Stockholm Convention 
Rotterdam Convention (PIC)
- The Sultanate Joined the Convention in October 1999 by the Royal
Decree No.(81/99)
- The Convention is based on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) 
procedure.
This procedure: 
- Prevents export of certain harmful chemicals that have been banned
or severely restricted or can cause problems under conditions of use in
developing countries, unless the importing country agrees to accept
them.
Prior Informed Consent ( PIC ) : 
- When a country exports a chemical subject to a ban or severely 
restriction in its own territory, it must inform the importing country
before the first shipment and then annually.
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Stockholm Convention (POPs)
- In May 2001, 127 government adopted this convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
Oman signed the convention in March 4th , 2002. Purpose of the Convention: - The convention seeks the elimination or restriction of 
production and use of all intentionally produced POPs (i.e.,
industrial chemicals and pesticides)
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
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POPs are chemicals that are persistent, bio-accumulate in
fatty tissues, bio-magnify through the food chain and
adversely affect health and environment
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Thank you