Transcript 5 Themes of geography - Townsend Harris High School

AIM: HOW AND WHY DO THE
FIVE THEMES OF
GEOGRAPHY HAVE AN
IMPACT ON HUMAN
GEOGRAPHY?
Five Themes of Geography
WHAT ARE THE FIVE THEMES?
 Tools
geographers use to study
features on earth.
Location
Place
Region
Human
Environment Interaction
Movement
AKA
MR. HELP
 Movement
(Spatial Interaction)
 Region
 Human
Environment interaction
 Location
 Place
 Logically
the order would be LPRH(EI)M
1. LOCATION


Describes where places are on Earth.
Types of Location:
 ABSOLUTE: exact location on earth (fixed)
 Doesn’t
change
 Latitude/Longitude
 Hemispheres
 Grid System
 Address
 RELATIVE: compared to other places (variable)
 Changes dependent upon where you’re
comparing it to.
 Miles
 Distance
 Direction
ABSOLUTE LOCATION
Examples:
Rome
is located at 41 N, 12 E
Argentina is located in the
southern hemisphere.
THHS is located at 149-11
Melbourne Ave.
RELATIVE LOCATION
 Examples:
Rome
is located near the
Mediterranean Sea.
Argentina is near Brazil.
Ecuador is south of Mexico.
New York is located in the North East
Problems ?
SITE
Lousy
Site
VS.
SITUATION
Great
Situation
2. PLACE

A place is defined by it’s
unique characteristics.
Physical
characteristics
Cultural characteristics
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Specific to THAT place, not generic.


Created by nature.





The way a place looks.
Mountains
Rivers, Lakes, Seas
Climate
Vegetation
Examples:




Andes Mountains are in South America.
Amazon River flows through Brazil.
Pampas are located in Argentina.
The Panamanian Isthmus connects Central & South
America.
CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

Specific to THAT place, not generic.


Man-made or invented.





Peoples activities change the way a place looks or is
represented.
Language
Unique buildings
Religious Practices
Celebrations/traditions/holidays
Examples:




Portuguese is the official language of Brazil.
Many Mexicans are Catholic.
Mayan ruins are located in Mexico.
Cinco de Mayo is a national holiday in Mexico.
CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS EXERCISE
“Name that Place!”
 Think of a place. State, act out some cultural
characteristics that you think are associated
with the particular place in mind. No negative
stereotypes please!!!

AIM: HOW AND WHY DO THE
FIVE THEMES OF
GEOGRAPHY HAVE AN
IMPACT ON HUMAN
GEOGRAPHY?
Five Themes of Geography
3. REGION
 The
world is divided into different regions
based upon similarities & differences.
 Climate
 Location
 Beliefs
 Languages
 Ethnicity/Race
 Types:
 Formal
 Functional
 Perceptual
(Vernacular Region)
FORMAL REGION
Most common/familiar.
 Determined by the distribution of a uniform
characteristic (physical or cultural) i.e.:
homogenous characteristic

 Location
 Climate
 Religion

Examples
 Central
America (Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama)
 Latin America
FORMAL REGION
E.G.: LINGUISTIC REGION
FORMAL REGION
CULTURAL REGION
POLITICAL REGION
Cultural,
Linguistic,
and Political
Region
Linguistic
and Cultural
(Religious)
Regions
FORMAL REGION
ENVIRONMENTAL REGION
Bioregion
(biome)
Ecotone
E.g.: The
Sahel
Bioregion
(biome)
Ecotone = transitionary region between two biomes. Note Human
Geography words.
CORE (HEARTLAND), CORE PERIPHERY AND
BORDER ZONES
FUNCTIONAL REGION

Serves a purpose that affects places around it.
 Distributes
goods/people
 Serves specific purpose

Examples:
 Panama
Canal
 Hollywood
 Havana, Cuba
 Any market town and even a mall.
The area a mall serves / influences is NOT formal.
However, it’s influence does exist… hence functional.
What mall
do you
associate
with? Or
are you…
What mall?
NODE (NODAL POINT)
Nodal points can be part of multiple
regions. However, they apply best to
functional regions.
DISTANCE DECAY
Applicable to many aspects of Human
Geography.
WITHIN A FUNCTIONAL REGION
CORE PERIPHERY AND BORDER ZONES
PERCEPTUAL REGION (VERNACULAR REGION)
 Groups
of areas that provoke a
certain stereotype or feeling.
 Examples:
The
The Ghetto was a
formal region whereas
the ghetto is a
perceptual region. How
so?
What’s the
difference
between
vernacular
and
linguistic?
Bronx (Da Bronx)
The “ghetto” as opposed to the Ghetto*
China Town
BTW, any idea as to
why perceptual
The Midwest
regions are frequently
referred to as
“The Valley”
see
next
slide
vernacular regions?
What and where is this?
EXERCISE
 Where
is the Midwest?
 Identify the Perceptual Region by naming
states that you think are part of the
Midwest.
 How do you complete the process of
identifying the Midwest?
MENTAL MAPS
Mental maps invariably map
Perceptual Regions… Get it? Thinking.
What type of
Region is the
“Corn Belt”?
4. HUMAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
 The
environment & people are
interconnected.
 Consequences to those actions depend
upon how people choose to interact with
the world and use their resources.
 Positive/Negative
 Intentional/Accidental
 Favorable/Destructive
HEI
 Current
Environmental Issues:
Climate
Change (global warming)
Energy Resources
Water Conservation
Deforestation
5. MOVEMENT

Places do not exist in isolation.
 Interconnectedness
places “look.”
 Today:
 People,

of the world changes the way
“globalization”
goods & ideas move from place to place.
Examples:
 Immigration
from anywhere E.g.: Latin America to
USA.
 War in Iraq (troops, supplies, ideas, people)
 Internet E.g.: Facebook (ideas), Twitter, Youtube
 Rapid Transportation
Sat in my living room in New Rochelle,
NY, USA and watched Springboks vs. All
Blacks in South Africa on a Japanese
television station in Japanese and
English using a service provided by a
company located in Luxembourg, Europe.
PTO
BTW,
what type
of map?
To what extent is this a real or
perceived threat to various
cultures and countries around
the world?
Get it?
“…The fundamental source of conflict in
this new world will not be primarily
ideological or primarily economic. The
great divisions among humankind and the
dominating source of conflict will be
cultural. Nation states will remain the most
powerful actors in world affairs, but the
principal conflicts of global politics will
occur between nations and groups of
different civilizations. The clash of
civilizations will dominate global politics.”
(Huntington, 1993)
Harvard University
Professor Samuel
Huntington
“Jihad vs. McWorld.”
Benjamin
Barber
Aka
“Traditional values” vs. Globalization.
HMMM…. TWE HAS THE INTERNET HAD
AN IMPACT ON THE WORLD?
“The Innocence of Muslims”
and
“The Life of Brian”
Productions of
the secular
world.
Big problem: they actually believe
in human rights, freedom of
speech, democracy and similar
concepts.
Country A
Democracy
All people have same legal
rights
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
18 or older to marry
Polygamy illegal
Same sex marriage legal
Universal healthcare
Alcohol legal
Problem:
All gambling legal
they
Prostitution legal
increasingly
Medical marijuana &
have to
decriminalization
interact.
Country B
COUNTRY B










Happy Valentine’s
Social Mixing
The Movies
Music School
Bacon!
Gyms for Girls
Every Other God
Women At Work
Roaming Women
Women Behind the Wheel
Other / Similar Issues:
Religious Police
Male guardianship
Child Marriage
Rape laws
Alcohol
Religious Conversion
Homosexuality
Democracy
Slavery (1962, UAE, 1963, Oman, 1970)
Fruits and Vegetables
www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/12/09/181654.html
AKA
MR. HELP
 Movement
(Spatial Interaction)
 Region (Formal, Functional, & Perceptual)
 Human
Environment interaction
 Location (Absolute & Relative)
 Place (Site & Situation)
 Logically
the order would be LPRH(EI)M
FIN