Transcript WORLD GEOGRAPHY - Kaneland School District

Unit 1: Introduction to Geography
Lesson 1: The Five Themes of
Geography
1
What is Geography?
• Geography
– Literally means “___________________”
– It is a way of thinking about and analyzing the
earth’s surface, physical patterns, and human
occupation.
• Geographers are people who
_________________________________
– Perspective
• 5 themes of geography
– Methods/tools
• Cartography
• Maps
2
The five themes of geography
• _____________________
– Where is it?
• _____________________
– What is it like there?
• ______________________
– How are people and places connected?
• _______________________________
– What is the relationship between people and their
environment?
• ______________________
– How do we classify?
3
Location
• Three Types
– ___________________________
• By name
– Windsor Pointe is a subdivision in Sugar
Grove
– ____________________________
• By Site and Situation
– Elburn is East of Maple Park
– ____________________________
• By Spatial Coordinates
– Houston, Texas, for example, is located at
latitude 29° north, longitude 95° west
4
Relative Location
• Location of a place in relation to that of
_____________________
• Always use a ____________________
when reporting relative location
• Example
– KHS is South of KMS
– Sugar Grove is West of Aurora
– The United States is North of Mexico
5
Location
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Let’s try some examples!!
Nominal:
__________________________________
Relative:
__________________________________
Absolute: (Use pg. RA19)
Alexandria, Egypt: ____________________________________
Monrovia, Liberia: ____________________________________
6
Site & Situation
• Site
– refers to physical
characteristics, such
as climate, soil type
or elevation.
• Site Example
– Elburn has rich
topsoil
– Winters in Northern
Illinois is dry and
cold
• Situation
– refers to access to
landmarks or
transportation, such as
proximity to the White
House or to Main Street.
• Situation Example
– Sugar Grove has quick
access to major
transportation arteries
7
Check for Understanding
Relative Location Activity
8
Absolute
Location
• ________________________ on the globe
• Grid system
– Network of imaginary lines around the earth
– Two sets of lines encircle the globe
• ________________________
• ________________________
9
Latitude (Parallels)
• Parallel lines of latitude are
horizontal, running from
________________
• ___________________ is the
imaginary line from which
latitude is measured; 0-90
– equidistant from the poles,
dividing the globe into the
northern and southern
hemispheres.
• lines of latitude become
progressively shorter as they
near the _____________
10
Longitude (Meridians)
• Longitudinal lines run from
_____________________
• The ______________________
is an arbitrarily selected line
from which all of the others
are measured – 0-180
• Each individual vertical line
intersects both poles
• Lines of Longitude converge
as they near the poles
• Divide the globe into Eastern
& Western Hemispheres
• All of the lines of longitude are
the same length.
11
Just in Case you wanted to
know
• Each degree of latitude and longitude is
divided into 60 minutes
• Each minute is further divided into 60
seconds.
• Navigators measure distance in nautical
miles
– an internationally agreed-on standard
equaling the average length of one minute
of one degree, or 1,852 m (6,076 ft).
12
How do Geographers express absolute
location
• Parallels of latitude
• By international
north of the equator,
agreement, the prime
which lies at 0°, are
meridian lies at 0°
identified as north, and
longitude.
those south of the
• Meridians of longitude
equator are identified
as south.
– East of the prime
meridian are
• The North Pole lies at
designated as east
latitude 90° north,
– west of the prime
• The South Pole, at
meridian are identified
latitude 90° south.
as west.
On maps directions are abbreviated as N, S, E, and
W.
13
Check for Understanding
Absolute Location Activity
14
Place
• What kind of place is it?
• Places have both ___________________ and
________________________ characteristics, as
well as images.
– The image people have of a place is based on
their experiences, both intellectual and
emotional.
– People's descriptions of a place reveal their
values, attitudes, and perceptions.
• How do these characteristics shape our lives?
15
Physical Characteristics
• Physical characteristics include __________
__________________________________
16
Human
Characteristics
• Places have human
characteristics
also. These
characteristics are
derived from the
ideas and actions of
people that result in
changes to the
environment, such
as buildings, roads,
clothing, and food
habits.
17
Movement
• The movement of people, the import
and export of goods, and mass
communication have all played major
roles in shaping our world.
• People everywhere interact.
• _________________________
– Reliance on each other for goods,
services, and ideas near and far
18
Human Environmental Interaction
• Human Environmental
Interaction is how _____
_______________________
• Humans interact with
nature every day.
• Humans react differently
to everything they live
near.
• There are three ways
that humans interact
with nature:
– Humans depend on the
environment for life
– Humans modify nature
– Humans adapt to nature.
19
Poor
Farming
Techniques
Strip mining
Uncontrolled
Air Pollution
Humans must be cautious
of overexploitation
Deforestation
Desertification
Unregulated
Waste
20
Region
• Location and place are tied together by
____________________.
• Regions are relative locations that are
brought together by certain ____________
____________________________
• These unifying characteristics often influence:
–
–
–
–
what kinds of people inhabit these regions
how humans interact with their environment
how they build their cities
how they use the land
• Unifying characteristics can be both physical
and human.
21
Unifying
Characteristics
• ________________ •
characteristics
include such things
as mountain ranges,
deserts, rivers,
climates, and
landforms.
_________________
characteristics include
language, religious
beliefs, and political
attitudes.
22
Review
• What is Geography?
• What are the reasons for being geographically
informed?
• Why do we study geography?
• What are the five themes of geography?
23