Transcript THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

MOTIVATION! WE ALL
NEED IT 
FAST FIVE
record answers in your notes
O What’s the name of the song playing?
O What is the name of the musical group?
O How do you describe where things are?
O What tools do you use to describe where
things are?
O What do GIS and GPS stand for?
WHAT IS HUMAN
GEOGRAPHY?
O Vocabulary important – weekly quizzes
O Geography: study of location of people & activities
across earth & the reasons for their distribution; the
study of the logical arrangement of human activities in
space
O Human Geography: study where & why human
activities are located where they are; i.e. religions,
cities, businesses, schools, malls, military bases etc.
O 2 themes constantly present that are in opposition
with each other - globalization & localism
O Most want globalizations benefits as well as
preservation of local uniqueness
WHEN DO WE USE
GEOGRAPHY?
O WRITE DOWN 3 EXAMPLES
OF HOW YOU HAVE
EXPERIENCED OR DO
EXPERIENCE THESE 2
TENSIONS IN YOUR DAILY
LIFE?
O WHEN WAS THE LAST TIME
YOU USED GEOGRAPHY?
O WHO WAS ERATOSTHENES?
THE HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF
GEOGRAPHY & REALLY
COOL MAPS
OBJ: TO THINK GEOGRAPHICALLY BY
LEARNING & IDENTIFYING EARLY
GEOGRAPHERS AND THEIR METHODS
WHERE IN THE WORLD?
THE WORLD FROM SPACE
VOCABULARY
PLACE: SPECIFIC LOCATION
REGION: AREA OF EARTH DISTINGUISHED BY
COMBINATION OF CULTURAL & PHYSICAL FEATURES
SCALE: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PORTION OF EARTH
BEING STUDIED & EARTH AS A WHOLE
UHS – PLACE, REGION, SCALE
TYPES OF SCALE
SMALL SCALE SHOWS A LARGER
AREA ON THE EARTH’S SURFACE W/
LESS DETAIL
LARGE SCALE SMALLER AREA BUT W/
MORE DETAIL
RATIO OR FRACTION 1/1,000
WRITTEN: 1 INCH = 1 MILE
GRAPHIC: BAR LINE
IN THE BEGINNING…
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BABYLONIANS: 2300BCE 1ST MAPS
MEDITERRANEAN SAILORS: MAPS OF ROCKS,
SEA, CURRENTS EARLY 800’S BCE
GREEKS: THALES USED GEOMETRY,
ANAXIMANDER WORLD MAP, HECATEUS 1ST
GEOGRAPHY BOOK 500BCE, ARISTOTLE 384322BCE 1ST TO DEMONSTRATE EARTH WAS
SPHERICAL, ERATOSTHENES 276?-194?BCE 1ST
TO USE WORD GEOGRAPHY, CALCULATED
EARTH’S CIRCUMFERENCE, 1 OF EARLIEST
KNOWN WORLD MAPS, DIVIDED EARTH INTO 5
CLIMATE REGIONS
PTOLEMY 100-170?CE 8 VOLUME GUIDE TO
GEOGRAPHY
INQUIRY IN CHINA, MUSLIMS
REVIVAL OF CARTOGRAPHY AGE OF
EXPLORATION & DISCOVERY 165H - 17TH CENT.
COLUMBUS, MAGELLAN, HENRY THE NAVIGATOR
MORE ACCURATE MAPS & TEXTS AS RESULT
MERCATOR 1512-1594 & ORTELIUS 1527-1650
MAPS! WHAT ARE THEY GOOD FOR?
CARTOGRAPHY –
SCIENCE OF
MAPMAKING. TODAY
THIS IS DONE WITH
THE AID OF
COMPUTERS &
SATELLITE IMAGERY
O PURPOSES? –
DIRECTIONS, STORE
REFERENCE
MATERIAL,
COMMUNICATE
GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION, FIND
LOCATION,
DISTRIBUTION OF
PHYSICAL FEATURES
& HUMAN ACTIVITIES
O SCALE, PROJECTION,
TELLING TIME
O MAPS LIE
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MAP OF COUNTRIES THAT HAVE McDONALD’S
WHAT KIND OF MAP IS THIS?
WORLD MAP OF NATIONAL IQ SCORES
EQUAL AREA MAP/GOODE
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF MAP PROJECTIONS
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DISTORTION: SHAPE, DISTANCE, RELATIVE SIZE OF AREAS, DIRECTION
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EQUAL AREA/GOODE: TEXT USES THESE MAPS - RELATIVE SIZES OF LANDMASSES
SAME AS IN REALITY; SHAPE OF LANDMASS DISTORTION MINIMIZED BUT EASTERN
& WESTERN HEMISPHERES SEPARATED – THIS IS CALLED INTERRUPTION
MERIDIANS DON’T CONVERGE NORTH & SOUTH, LAT & LONG DON’T FORM RIGHT
ANGLES
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ROBINSON: DISPLAYS INFO ACROSS OCEANS WELL BUT LAND AREAS SMALLER
THAN AN EQUAL AREA/HOMOLOSINE MAP AS A RESULT
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MERCATOR: MINIMAL SHAPE DISTORTION, DIRECTION CONSISTENT, MAP
RECTANGULAR BUT RELATIVE SIZE GROSSLY DISTORTED TOWARD THE POLES
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CONIC: FOCUS OF MAP IS AREA WHERE CONE TOUCHES THE GLOBE; THERE’S
LESS DISTORTION. THE FURTHER AWAY THE AREA ON YOUR MAP IS FROM THE LINE
OF INTERSECTION THE MORE DISTORTION
ADVANTAGES: GOOD FOR POLAR REGIONS, STANDARD MAP OF CANADA &
AERONAUTICAL MAPS BECAUSE IT SHOWS LATITUDE IN THE FORM OF A CIRCLE
DISADVANTAGES: NOT GOOD FOR DISPLAYING LARGE AREAS BECAUSE THE
DISTORTION BECOMES GREATER THE FURTHER YOU MOVE FROM THE LINE WHERE
THE CONE INTERSECTS THE GLOBE.
LOCATING POINTS ON EARTH
GEOGRAPHIC GRID
O MERIDIAN, LONGITUDE
O M. IS AN ARC DRAWN B/W
N&S POLES
O L. IS NUMBERING SYSTEM
THAT IDENTIFIES LOCATION OF
EACH MERIDIAN ON EARTH’S
SURFACE
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PARALLEL IS A CIRCLE DRAWN
AROUNG THE GLOBE
PARALLEL TO EQUATOR
O LATITUDE IS NUMBERING
SYSTEM USED TO INDICATE
LOCATION OF A PARALLEL
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GEOGRAPHIC GRID & TELLING TIME
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EARTH DIVIDED INTO 360° OF
LONGITUDE & AS EARTH TURNS ALL
LINES OF LONG. PASS UNDER THE
SUN
ONE TIME ZONE = 15° L. AND
DIVIDE 360°/15° WE GET 24 TIME
ZONES; 1 FOR EACH HOUR OF THE
DAY
GREENWICH MEAN TIME (UT) IS
MASTER REFERENCE TIME FOR ALL
POINTS ON EARTH AT 0 LONGITUDE
AKA PRIME MERIDIAN
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE 180°
LONGITUDE FOR THE MOST PART.
CLOCK MOVES BACK 24 HOURS
OR 1 DAY IF HEADING WEST
TOWARD AMERICA
MOVE 1 DAY FORWARD IF
HEADING EAST TOWARD ASIA
(FROM DATE LINE)
USING THE MAP BELOW COMPLETE THE WORKSHEET
FAST FIVE
O NAME 2 TYPES OF MAP PROJECTION
O LIST 1 DISADVANTAGE & 1 ADVANTAGE OF
EACH OF THE 2
O WHAT IS THE INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
O HOW MANY TIME ZONES ARE THERE IN THE
WORLD?
O WHAT ARE 3 WAYS TO WRITE SCALE?
5 THEMES OF GEO.
O PLACE: NAME, SITE,
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SITUATION,
LOCATION:
ABSOLUTE &
RELATIVE
REGION: FORMAL,
NODAL
(FUNCTIONAL),
VERNACULAR
MOVEMENT: PEOPLE,
IDEAS, DISEASE,
GOODS ETC.
HUMAN
ENVIRONMENT
INTERACTION
TOPONYM, SITE & SITUATION
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PERSON, RELIGION, ORIGIN OF
SETTLERS ETC. – NAME/TOPONYM
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SITE: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
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SITUATION: LOCATION OF A PLACE
RELATIVE TO OTHER PLACES.
FINDING AN UNFAMILIAR PLACE &
UNDERSTANDING ITS IMPORTANCE
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SHANGHAI – ALONG S. SIDE OF
YANGTZE RIVER, SITUATION
CRITICAL BECAUSE AT MOUTH OF
YANGTZE WHICH FLOWS INTO E.
CHINA SEA, LARGEST WORLD PORT
TYPES OF REGIONS
AN AREA OF EARTH DEFINED BY 1 OR
MORE DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
O DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER DERIVED
THROUGH CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OR
REGIONAL STUDIES APPROACH
O BEGAN IN FRANCE 19TH C. & ADOPTED
BY AMERICANS, SAUER & PLATT.
O GEOGRAPHERS SEEK TO IDENTIFY THE
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG COMBO OF
CHARACTERISTICS THAT DEFINE
REGION
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FORMAL OR UNIFORM: SHARE IN 1 OR
MORE COMMONALITIES SUCH AS
LANGUAGE, CROP, CLIMATE.
O MUST RECOGNIZE DIVERSITY WHEN
MAKING GENERALIZATIONS
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EXAMPLES: MONTANA, RED STATES,
WHEAT BELT ETC.
VERNACULAR & FUNCTIONAL (NODAL)
PERCEPTUAL REGION AREA THAT
PEOPLE BELIEVE EXISTS AS A
PART OF THEIR CULTURAL ID;
LITTLE ITALY, THE SOUTH ETC.
O ECO, CULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES DISTINCT IN S.
U.S
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FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZED
AROUND A NODE OR FOCAL
POINT SO THE CHARACTERISTIC
(AIRLINE HUB) THAT DEFINES A
FUNCTIONAL REGION
DOMINATES AT A CENTRAL
FOCUS & DECLINES IN
IMPORTANCE OUTWARD.
O TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATION, ECONOMIC LOCUS,
CELL SERVICE
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REGIONS OF CULTURE
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CULTURE: “BODY OF CUSTOMARY
BELIEFS, MATERIAL TRAITS &
SOCIAL FORMS THAT TOGETHER
CONSTITUTE THE DISTINCT
TRADITON OF A GROUP OF
PEOPLE” – IT’S COMPLEX!
TO CARE ABOUT – ADORE,
WORSHIP
TAKE CARE OF – NURSE, LOOK
AFTER
ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT
CULTURAL TRAITS COME FROM:
LANGUAGE, RELIGION &
ETHNICITY
THESE 3 ARE SUPERB WAYS OF
IDENTIFYING LOCATION OF A
CULTURE & MEANS BY WHICH
THE VALUES OF THAT CULTURE
ARE DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT
WORLD
Holi is a festival celebrated by Hindus
around the world. Holi marks the
beginning of spring, and is usually
celebrated at the end of February or early
March. Participants in a Holi festival
often throw brightly colored powder and
scented water at each other.
SPATIAL ASSOCIATION – CRANBERRY
PRODUCTION IN THE US
CHECK IN
O LOCATION IDENTIFIED THROUGH ?
O 3 TYPES OF REGIONS?
O CULTURE ENCOMPASSES WHAT PEOPLE
CARE ABOUT & WHAT THEY TAKE CARE OF
O SPATIAL ASSOCIATION: ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS: CLIMATE, SOIL, WATER, AVAILABLE
LAND. GREEN AREAS CONSIDERED THE
CRANBERRY REGION