Transcript Minnesota Atlas Project

Atlas page 63
• Counties: Morrison, Benton,
Remnants of an old fireplace in Rum River
State Forest
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Isanti, Mille Lacs, Kanabec,
Sherburne, and Anoka
Rum River State Forest
Mille Lacs Wildlife
Management Area
Sherburne National Wildlife
Refuge
Lakes: Knife, Ann, Fish, Green
and many smaller lakes
Towns: Mora, Milaca,
Princeton, Cambridge, and
many smaller towns
The Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge
hosts Environmental Education Days
Coniferous Forest
• The coniferous forest is the largest
of the state's three biomes
• It covers two-fifths of the state,
including the north central and
northeastern regions
• Once mountainous, this rugged area
claims both the highest and lowest
points in the state
• Glaciers sculpted this landscape,
leaving relatively thin deposits of
till blanketing the bedrock in the
northeast and deeper deposits in
the southern and western portions
Deciduous Forest
• The deciduous woods biome is
made up of lake and outwash
plains, moraines, and drumlin
fields.
• Topography ranges from relatively
level plains, to very steep gradients
in southeastern Minnesota along
the edge of the Paleozoic Plateau
• Containing a mixture of grassland
and deciduous woodlands, it forms
a transition between the Prairie
Grasslands and Coniferous Forest
• http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/biome
s/index.html
History, Culture, &
People… MORA
•the county seat of Kanabec County
Dala Horse
Mora, MN
Mora Clocka
•located at the junction of Minnesota State
Highways 23 and 65
•population was 3,571 at the 2010 census
•got its name in 1882 from Israel Israelsson who
together with his family migrated in 1871 from
Dalarna, Sweden
•first platted on May 19, 1882, incorporated as a
village in March 1891, and was designated a city by
state statute in 1973
•home of a gigantic Dala horse, and a Mora clocka
commemorating the town's Swedish roots
•plays host each February to the Mora Vasaloppet,
the largest ski race in Minnesota, as well as the
Snake River Canoe Race, the Mora Half-Marathon,
and the Mora Bicycle Tour
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mora,_MN
My daughter skiing the 2010 Vasaloppet
Court
House
2007
2007 Census of
Agriculture:
Kanabec County Minnesota
Number of Farms:
Land in Farms:
Average Size of Farm:
2007
701
2002
796
141,896 acres
158,736 acres
202 acres
199 acres
% change
- 12
- 11
+2
Market Value of Products Sold: $19,688,000
$18,994,000
Crop Sales $7,347,000 (37 percent)
Livestock Sales $12,341,000 (63 percent)
Average Per Farm
$28,086
$23,862
+ 18
Government Payments:
Average Per Farm
- 26
- 41
$680,000
$3,165
$922,000
$5,361
+4
http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?q=kanabec+county&navid=SEARC
H&Go_button.x=21&Go_button.y=11&site=usda
Lake information report…
Name: Knife
 Nearest Town: Mora
 Primary County: Kanabec
 Survey Date: 09/11/2006
 Inventory Number:
33002800
Lake Characteristics
 Lake Area (acres): 1259.21
 Littoral Area (acres): 1266
 Maximum Depth (ft.): 15
 Water Clarity (ft.): 4
 Dominant Bottom
Substrate:
Sand(Abundant)
 Abundance of Aquatic
Plants: 25 Varieties
Sampled
 Maximum Depth of Plant
Growth (ft.): 4.9 (0-6.2)
 http://www.dnr.state.mn.u
s/lakefind/showreport.ht
ml?downum=33002800
Knife Lake, Kanabec Co
Comprised of 1,266
acres, Knife Lake is
managed primarily for
walleye and northern
pike. The lake has a
maximum depth of 15
feet and an average
depth of 9.1 feet.
Shoreline length is
18.24 miles and
maximum lake fetch is
2.4 miles. An 18 to 24
inch protected slot limit
was implemented for
walleye as a special
regulation in the fall of
2001. A 24 to 36 inch
protected slot
regulation for northern
pike was implemented
in the spring of 2003.
http://www.dnr.state.m
n.us/lakefind/showrepo
rt.html?downum=33002
800
Isanti County
“death of a
dream…”
Linden Round Barn
Olof Linden, a Swedish
immigrant farmer had the
concrete-block dairy barn built
in 1914. It has an adjacent
wood silo. The barn is in good
condition and used in
agriculture activities. The
round barn is listed on the
National Register of Historic
Places.
http://www.flickr.com/photos
/23711298@N07/260575736
8/
Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge
• Sherburne National Wildlife
Refuge consists of 30,700 acres
of Federal land dedicated to the
conservation, management, and
where appropriate, restoration
of fish, wildlife, and plant
resources and their habitats for
the benefit of present and future
generations of Americans.
Killdeer With Babies
• Sherburne, one of ten National
Wildlife Refuges in Minnesota, is
located in the east central region of
the state, approximately 50 miles
NW of the Minneapolis/St. Paul
metropolitan area and 30 miles SE
of St. Cloud.
• The primary mission of the Refuge
is to represent a diverse biological
community characteristic of the
transition zone between tallgrass
prairie and forest.
• Established in 1965 to protect and
restore the habitats associated
with the St. Francis River Valley for
migratory birds and other wildlife
purposes, the focus of the Refuge
today is on the restoration of oak
savanna , wetland and big woods
habitats
• http://www.fws.gov/midwest/She
rburne/
References for Atlas page 63:
• Cover page atlas photo retrieved from
http://www.alpineshop.com/products2.cfm/ID/5822
• Slide 2 photos retrieved from
http://www.stateparks.com/rum_river_photography.html, and
http://www.soilandwater.org/Education.html
• Slide 3 photo retrieved from http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/biomes/index.html
• Photos of Mora retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mora,_MN
• Photo on page 6 retrieved from
http://knifelakesportsmensclub.com/default.aspx
• Map of Knife Lake retrieved from
http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/lakefind/showmap.html?mapid=B0460
• Isanti County round barn photo retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Is
anti_County,_Minnesota
• Killdeer photo retrieved from
http://birding.about.com/u/sty/birdprofiles/readerbirdfamilies/Killdeer-WithBabies.htm
Atlas page 35:
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St. Louis County
Superior National Forest
Boundary Waters Canoe
Wilderness
Soudan Underground Mine &
Bear Head Lake State Park
Bear Island State Forest
Burntside State Forest
Kabetogama State Forest
Vermilion, Trout, Burntside,
Bear Island, Birch Lake and a
few smaller lakes
Mesabi Range
Ely, Hoyt Lakes and a few
more smaller towns
BWCA
• The Boundary Waters Canoe
Area Wilderness, is a 1.09
million acre wilderness area
within the Superior National
Forest in NE Minnesota
boobies under the
administration of the U.S.
Forest Service.
• The BWCAW is renowned as a
destination for both canoeing
and fishing on its many lakes
and is the most visited
wilderness in the United States
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Boundary_Waters_Canoe_Area_
Wilderness
BWCA: Geography
 The BWCAW is located on the U.S.-
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Canadian border in the Arrowhead Region
of Minnesota.
Along with Voyageurs National Park to the
W and the Canadian Quetico and La
Vérendrye Provincial Parks to the N, they
make up a large area of contiguous
wilderness lakes and forests called the
"Quetico-Superior country", or simply the
Boundary Waters.
Lake Superior lies to the east of the
Boundary Waters.
The continental divide between the Great
Lakes and Hudson Bay watersheds runs
NE–SW through the east side of the
BWCAW, following the crest of the
Superior Upland and Gunflint Range.
The crossing of the divide at Height of
Land Portage was the occasion for
ceremony and initiation rites for the furtrading Voyageurs of the 18th and early
19th centuries.
The wilderness also includes the highest
peak in Minnesota, Eagle Mountain (2,301
feet / 701 m), part of the Misquah Hills.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_
Waters_Canoe_Area_Wilderness
BWCA: Geology
 The lakes of the BWCA are located in depressions
formed by differential erosion of the tilted layers
of the Canadian Shield.
 For the past two million years, massive sheets of
ice have repeatedly scoured the landscape; the last
glacial period ended with the retreat of the
Laurentide Ice Sheet from the Boundary Waters
about 17,000 years ago.
 The resulting depressions in the landscape later
filled with water, becoming the lakes of today.
 Many varieties of Precambrian bedrock are
exposed, including granite, basalt, greenstone,
gneiss, as well as metamorphic rocks derived from
volcanic and sedimentary rocks.
 Greenstone of the Superior craton located near Ely
is up to 2.7 billion years old, some of the oldest
exposed rock in the United States.
 Igneous rocks of the Duluth Complex comprise the
bedrock of the eastern Boundary Waters.
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_Waters_C
anoe_Area_Wilderness
An eastern white pine
growing on glaciallyscoured bedrock, Nina
Moose Lake
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BWCA: Forest Ecology
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The Boundary Waters area contains both
the boreal forest and a mixed coniferhardwood forest known as the North
Woods, which is a transition province
between the northern boreal forest and
deciduous forests to the south.
The ranges of the plants and animals
continue north into southern Canada and
south into the rest of the upper Great
Lakes region.
Trees found within the wilderness area
include conifers such as red pine, eastern
white pine, jack pine, balsam fir, white
spruce, black spruce, and white-cedar, as
well as deciduous birch, aspen, ash, and
maple.
The BWCAW is estimated to contain some
400,000 acres of old growth forest, woods
which may have burned but which have
never been logged.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_
Waters_Canoe_Area_Wilderness
BWCA: Human History
Native peoples
 Within the BWCA are hundreds of
prehistoric pictographs and
petroglyphs on rock ledges and cliffs.
 The BWCA is part of the historic
homeland of the Ojibwe people, who
traveled the waterways in canoes
made of birch bark.
 Prior to Ojibwe settlement, the area
was sparsely populated by the Sioux
who dispersed westward following
the arrival of the Ojibwe.
 The Grand Portage Indian
Reservation, just east of the BWCA at
the settlement of Grand Portage, is
home to a number of Ojibwe to this
day.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bound
ary_Waters_Canoe_Area_Wilderness
Fur trade
 In 1688, the French explorer Jacques
de Noyon became the first European
known to have traveled through the
Boundary Waters.
 Later during the 1730s, La Vérendrye
and others opened the region to trade,
mainly in beaver pelts.
 By the end of the 18th century, the fur
trade had been organized into groups
of canoe-paddling Voyageurs working
for the competing North West and
Hudson's Bay Companies, with a
North West Company fort located at
Grand Portage on Lake Superior.
 The US-Canadian border, the northern
border of most of the BWCAW follows
one of the primary voyageur routes
Soudan Underground Mine
 The Soudan Mine on the
Vermilion Range is the
oldest and deepest iron
mine in Minnesota.
 Its opening in 1884 set
the stage for Minnesota’s
reign as the country’s
leading iron ore
producer.
 The Mesabi Range is west of Lake
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Mesabi Range
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Superior, north of Duluth, and far north
of Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Nearby towns include Grand Rapids,
Hibbing and Virginia.
The Mesabi Iron Range is a vast
deposit of iron ore and the largest of
four major iron ranges in the region
collectively known as the Iron Range.
Discovered in 1866, it is the chief
deposit of iron ore in the United States.
The deposit is located in NE Minnesota,
largely in Itasca and St. Louis counties.
It was extensively worked in the earlier
part of the 20th century.
Extraction operations declined
throughout the mid-1970s but
rebounded in 2005.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesabi_
Range
Lake Vermilion
In the 1940's the National
Geographic Society declared Lake
Vermilion one of the top ten most
scenic lakes in the United States. And
it still is today. With its 40,000 acres
of water, 365 islands and 1200 miles
of shoreline, it stretches 40 miles
across the heart of Minnesota's
Arrowhead Region.
http://www.lakevermilion.com/
Embarrass, MN
 The unofficial record low
temperature is −64°F on February
1996. The thermometer that
measured this temperature was
verified for accuracy by Taylor
Environmental Instruments, but as it
was not recorded at a National
Weather Service Cooperative Site, it
will remain unofficial.
 The township name Embarrass was
derived from the French word
"embarras" based on its meaning of
"to hinder with obstacles or
difficulties".
 It was given this name by the French
fur traders who were some of the
first Europeans to visit the area, and
who found the narrow, shallow river
very difficult to navigate, and named
the river "Embarras".
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embar
rass_Township,_St._Louis_County,_Mi
nnesota
References for Atlas page 35:
• BWCA photo on slide 11 retrieved from
http://www.wildernessinquiry.org/photo.php?dest=bwcacanoe&groupsize=23&
filepath=%2Fimages%2Ftrip_images%2Fgallery%2F&filenum=10
• Photos on slide 12 retrieved from http://www.bwcaw.com/about/, and
http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2003/10/21_kelleherb_bwca/
• BWCA photos retrieved from
http://www.bwca.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=forum.thread&threadId=21726&fo
rumID=12&confID=1
• Eagle Mountain photos retrieved from
http://www.hikesearch.com/index_files/minnesota_mountain_peaks_hiking_trail
s.htm, and
http://northshorethereandback.blogspot.com/2009_07_01_archive.html
• White Pine photo retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_Waters_Canoe_Area_Wilderness
• Photos on page 16 retrieved from
http://wildernessstewards.blogspot.com/2010/10/court-ruling-upheld-onforest.html, and
http://photos.tompinkerton.com/keyword/5x4/2/1218549088_h4q9S#121854
9088_h4q9S
References for Atlas page 35 cont.:
• Photo on slide 17 retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_Waters_Canoe_Area_Wilderness
• Soudan Mine photos retrieved from
http://www.wnmtradio.com/news/articles/2011/apr/20/sparks-causedsoudan-mine-fire/, and http://www.panoramio.com/photo/26969496
• Photos of the Mesabi Range retrieved from
http://www.aditnow.co.uk/album/Mesabi-Range-Iron-Mine-Archive-Album/
• Lake Vermilion photos retrieved from
http://www.satprints.com/lakevermilionminnesotasatellitemapprintposter.aspx,
http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2010/09/03/vermilion-input/,
and http://www.visitusa.com/minnesota/photos/minnesota-lake-vermilionstate-park.htm
• Embarrass River photo retrieved from
http://www.northlandsnewscenter.com/younews/38219929.html?img=3&mg=t
Atlas page 29
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Norman Co
Mahnomen Co
Polk co
Red Lake Co
Pennington Co
Red Lake Falls
Plummer
Beltrami
Erskine
McIntosh
Fertile
White Earth Indian Reservation
Maple Lake
Red Lake River
Prairie Grassland
Biome:
On a prairie the lines of the
landscape are clean. No trees
clutter the horizon. Nothing blocks
the view extending forever.
Ripples run through the grasses so
they seem to advance in front of
the wind. These are the waves that
early settlers saw as an ocean, a
sea of grass and unbroken soil
stretching as far as the eye could
see. Minnesota once had 18
million acres of prairie that
stretched across the state from
southeast to northwest. Fertile
prairie soil grew good agricultural
crops, however, and most of the
prairie was plowed. The patches of
prairie remaining are mostly the
remnants that could not be
plowed.
http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/biomes/pr
airie.html
Welcome to Polk County
Polk County, with a population of approximately 32,000, is located in
northwestern Minnesota. The county seat is Crookston. The county is the
5th largest in the state, approximately 2,013 square miles. Polk County
consists of 58 townships and 15 cities.
A Brief History of Polk County
 Polk County in 1858 had the
unique distinction of having two
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watersheds draining in opposite
directions.
The Mississippi River, which
formed the southeast boundary
of the county from Lake Itasca to
Cass Lake, emptied its water
ultimately in the Gulf of Mexico.
While the Red River of the North,
which formed the western
boundary of the county, emptied
its water into Hudson Bay.
After all of the changes in land
area of the county had been
made, the county today lies
wholly in the Red River Valley.
http://www.co.polk.mn.us/list_r
esidents/aboutPolkCounty.aspx
Minnesota
Glacial Ridge
Project:
Glacial Ridge is the nation's
largest prairie and wetland
restoration project.
Glacial Ridge offers an
opportunity for The Nature
Conservancy and its partners to
undertake the largest prairie and
wetland restoration project in U.S.
history. Only about 5,000 acres are
native prairie; the rest has been
used for gravel extraction, crop
production and cattle and sheep
grazing. When restored, the
grassland and wetland areas will
provide excellent habitat for
prairie nesting birds, threatened
prairie plants and animals.
http://www.nature.org/ourinitiati
ves/regions/northamerica/united
states/minnesota/placesweprotec
t/glacial-ridge-project.xml
Red Lake Falls,
Red Lake Co.
•Population was 1,427 at
the 2010 census
•The county seat of Red
Lake County
•Lies in the middle of Red
Lake Falls Township from
which it was separated
when incorporated as a
village in 1881
•Status was raised to that of
a city in 1898
The Red Lake County Courthouse
GEOGRAPHY
• Located on a tributary of the Red River of the North, the
Red Lake River, at its confluence with the Clearwater
River
HISTORY
• The site of a North West Company fur post as early as
1796 or 1797, making it one of the oldest sites of
European occupation in the State of Minnesota
• A French Canadian fur trader, Jean Baptiste Cadotte,
partner of the noted British-Canadian fur trader,
Alexander Henry, established the post as part of a
strategy to ward off Hudson's Bay Company intrusion into
the Red River Valley
• Famous Canadian explorer, David Thompson, took shelter
from a storm in Cadotte's cabin in March 1798
• The post was abandoned early in the 1800s, as British fur
traders withdrew from United States territory
• The surrounding territory was homesteaded by FrenchAmerican settlers led by Pierre Bottineau, who were
relocating via ox cart
• The area developed as a grain farming region
• In 1878, Earnest Buse and his partner, Otto Kankel,
established a flour mill at the confluence of the two rivers
• The town prospered for a time, as both the Northern
Pacific Railway and the Great Northern Railway ran their
lines through the town in the 1880s and early 1890s
Red Lake
Falls
White Earth Indian
Reservation
White Earth Reservation is
located in Becker, Clearwater,
and Mahnomen counties in
north-central Minnesota.
Created in 1867 by a treaty
between the United States and
the Mississippi Band of
Chippewa Indians, it is one of
seven Chippewa reservations in
Minnesota. Although the White
Earth Chippewa no longer live
as their ancestors did, they have
kept alive their tribal heritage.
Almost every aspect of their
present-day life has been
strongly influenced by the past.
http://www.whiteearth.com/hi
story/
References for atlas page 29:
• NW Minnesota photo retrieved from
http://minnesotaseasons.com/Main/Destinations_Area.html
• Photos on slide 25 retrieved from
http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2009/03/23/montrflood/, and
http://www.ndstudies.org/media/northwest_minnesota_a_slice_of_heaven_re_es
tablishment_of_prairies
• Photo on slide 27 retrieved from http://www.visitnwminnesota.com/Polk.htm
• Photo on slide 28 retrieved from
http://www.rich4life.com/richardjones/blog/2006_05_01_archive.html
• Glacial Ridge photos retrieved from
http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/minn
esota/placesweprotect/glacial-ridge-project.xml
• Photo of the Red Lake Co. courthouse retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Lake_County_Courthouse.jpg
• Photos on slide 31 retrieved from http://www.panoramio.com/photo/1853497
• Photo on slide 32 retrieved from http://www.whiteearth.com/history/
Atlas page 74
 Counties: Cottonwood,
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Brown, Watonwan. Redwood,
Renville, Nicollet, & Sibley
Minnesota River
Cities: Redwood Falls, Hector,
Fairfax, Sanborn, Springfield,
Sleepy Eye, & many other
smaller towns
Jeffers Petroglyphs
Harkin Store
Fort Ridgley State Park
Lower Sioux Agency History
Center
Birch Coulee Battlefield
Minnesota River
• The Minnesota River
Valley and tributaries as
seen from the air at
Redwood Falls. The river
occupies only a small
portion of the wide
valley carved by the
Glacial River Warren
A Mississippi River Tributary…
 The Minnesota River is a tributary of the
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Mississippi River, approximately 332 miles long.
It drains a watershed of nearly 17,000 square
miles.
It rises in southwestern Minnesota, in Big Stone
Lake on the Minnesota–South Dakota border.
It flows southeast to Mankato, then turns
northeast.
It joins the Mississippi south of the Twin Cities
of Minneapolis and St. Paul, near the historic
Fort Snelling.
The valley is one of several distinct regions of
Minnesota.
Of Lakota language origin, the name Minnesota
means "sky-tinted water or cloudy-sky water"
(minne=water and sota=sky-tinted or cloudy
sky) and refers to the milky-brown color its
waters take on when at flood stage.
The valley that the Minnesota River flows in is
up to five miles wide and 250 feet deep.
It was carved into the landscape by the massive
glacial River Warren between 11,700 and 9,400
years ago at the end of the last ice age in North
America.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_River
Alexander
Ramsey Park
Redwood Falls,
Redwood Co.
At 219 acres in size,
Alexander Ramsey Park is
the largest municipal park in
the State of Minnesota.
Termed as the "Little
Yellowstone of Minnesota",
the park is enhanced by
1930's Civilian Conservation
Corps shelters and bridges
and picturesque Ramsey
Falls.
http://www.ci.redwoodfalls.mn.us/index.asp?Type=GALLER
Y&SEC=%7BD85448A2-208F-4CF6A61D-A3030C5C4430%7D
Geologic highlights:
• Morton Gneiss- the park has exposures of
the Morton Gneiss which is regarded as
the oldest rock in North America (3.6
billion years).
• It represents the core of the North
American continent.
• Minnesota's recorded history
begins at Jeffers, where American
Indians for thousands of years
have traced life stories in rock
carvings (petroglyphs)
• The Jeffers Petroglyphs site is
marked by over 2,000 carved
images of human figures, tools,
and animals such as bison,
salamanders, turtles, elk, &
thunderbirds
• The earliest carvings here are
thought to be 7,000 to 9,000
years old, and the most recent
were made about 250 years ago
• http://www.exploreminnesota.co
m/travel-ideas/springsummer/history-etched-in-rockat-jeffers-petroglyphs/index.aspx
Harkin Store
When the railroad passed by
the small town of West
Newton, the store was
forced to close with much of
the unsold inventory still on
the shelves, where it
remains today.
http://www.mnhs.org/place
s/sites/hs/
Location:
Eight miles northwest of New Ulm, on Cty Hwy. 21
• Yielding to pressure from the U.S.
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government in 1851, the Eastern Dakota
(Eastern Sioux) sold 35 million acres of their
land across southern and western
Minnesota.
The Dakota moved onto a small reservation
along the Minnesota River, stretching from
just north of New Ulm to today's South
Dakota border.
In 1853, the U.S. military started
construction on Fort Ridgely, near the
southern border of the new reservation and
northwest of the German settlement of New
Ulm.
The fort was designed as a police station to
keep peace as settlers poured into the
former Dakota lands.
Nine years later, un-kept promises by the
U.S. government, immoral practices by fur
traders and crop failure all helped create
tensions that erupted into the U.S.-Dakota
war in August 1862.
Dakota forces attacked the fort twice-on
Aug. 20 and Aug. 22.
The fort that had been a training base and
staging ground for Civil War volunteers
suddenly became one of the few military
forts west of the Mississippi to withstand a
direct assault.
Fort Ridgely's 280 military and civilian
defenders held out until Army
reinforcements ended the siege.
Fort Ridgely
State Park
http://www.mnhs.org/places/sites/fr/
Lower Sioux Agency
Interpretive center operated by the Minnesota Historical Society on the site
of the first organized attack in the U.S.-Dakota War of 1862.
Birch Coulee Battlefield
 Just before sunrise on Sept. 2,
1862, the sharp crack of a
warning shot signaled the
start of the Battle of Birch
Coulee, one of the hardest
fought battles of the U.S.Dakota War.
 The Dakota kept U.S. soldiers
under siege for 36 hours
before a relief detachment
arrived from Fort Ridgely.
 http://www.mnhs.org/places
/sites/bc/
References for Atlas page 74:
• Photo on slide 35 retrieved from http://jetsetta.com/travel/50-welcome-signsfrom-50-states/
• Photo of MN River on slide 35 retrieved from
http://joemamerphoto.photoshelter.com/gallery-image/Minnesota-State-ParkStock-Images/G0000X5cO8HzOtac/I0000Jn5Hil3N6wQ
• Photo on slide 37 retrieved from
http://www.giveittomeraw.com/group/minnesota
• Alexander Ramsey Park photo retrieved from http://trifter.com/usacanada/minnesota/most-beautiful-waterfalls-in-minnesota/
• Jeffers Petroglyphs photos retrieved from
http://www.tcinternet.net/users/cbailey/atl.html, http://www.weekendgetaways.org/jeffers-petroglyphs.php, and http://www.exploreminnesota.com
/news-room/news-details/index.aspx?nid=52
• Harkin Store photo retrieved from http://attractions.uptake.com/blog/harkinstore-near-new-ulm-minnesota-4501.html
• Photo on slide 42 retrieved from
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cdn.dipity.com/uploads/events/
c33df40aec7a120ad3c3ce3e6b2ea309
• Photo on slide 43 retrieved from http://www.findagrave.com/cgibin/fg.cgi?page=cr&CRid=2322953