Transcript Slide 1
Geography Geography can influence/limit what people can and cannot do. • Geography is the study of the Earth and its features. It also studies human life and the effects of human activity. Geographic features have a huge impact on where and how people live. Relationships to climate, water, landforms, and mineral deposits shape how people live and act towards others Terms To Know • 1.Human Geography – examines how geography MIGRATION: affects humans. might people be on – the • Why 2. Physical Geography study of landforms move? (mountains, islands, etc.), climate, water, location, and Physical geography mineral resources. describes the • 3. Political Geography – studies regions and other shape of the land groupings of people including tribes, ethnic groups, religious groups, and nation states. • 4. Migration – examines the movement of humans from onePolitical area togeography another and what influenced the movement can be Where people live/settle is an example of human geography • 5. Trade movement of goods and services from place looked– at as the study of to place toof meet human needs groups people within an area of land TRADE: What are the benefits of trade? What type of map is this? What type of map is this? Geographic Term to Know • Hemisphere – the northern and southern half of the Earth is divided by the equator and the eastern and western half is divided by the prime meridian Commerce is another way of saying trade. More times than not, it is easier to trade by water than it is by land. Why might that be? Rivers • Important avenue for transportation, commerce, and cultural diffusion. Rivers are also important for getting water to In addition to the dangers crops (irrigation). Rivers mayofalso flood floods,for crops, but can which may be good rapids (waterfalls) crocodiles, also destroy homes and communities. and hippos made Most early societies near rivers Nileformed river travel riskybecause they provided a source of fresh water and fertile soil called silt that was excellent for farming. The Nile River • The longest river in the world is located in Egypt, which is in northeast Africa. It’s annual floods helps farmers and led to the rise of Because most of northeast Africa is one of the earliestdesert with very little rainfall, most civilizations. of the major cities developed along this vital water way Mountains • Mountain ranges can protect civilizations invasion due Thefrom Himalaya mountains of Asia had a to their height andimpact difficulty major on to the history of both cross. Mountains can also India and China isolate people and lead to an ethnocentric culture (when you believe yourThe culture and way of it so that ideas, isolation makes life is the best).technology, inventions, religion, language, etc. cannot be shared between India different people • Ex. Himalayas – separate from the rest of Asia Deserts • Large areas of sand. Deserts are dry (arid) and hot. It is very difficult to grow crops and vegetation is limited. Deserts also isolate and protect civilizations because it is difficult to travel and trade. The Sahara desert made the sharing of technology, • Ex. Sahara Desert in Africainventions, – largest inreligion the and world. It is the size of thefor the language, very difficult continental States!! peopleUnited of North Africa. Plateau • A large area of high land that usually is covered by plains and flat terrain. • Ex. Deccan Plateau in India – contains mineral resources and most of the Indian population lives on the edge of it in river valleys with heavy rain. Plains • An extensive, level, usually treeless area of land. Savannas in Africa and the Pampas in Central and South America are plains. The plains can be a In the movie the Lion King, good place to raise Simba and his pride lived in this grassy plain. crops and animals. Sea The • A relatively large area of salt Mediterranean water completely or partially Sea – located between Africa, enclosed by land. Europe, and Asia was a major artery of trade, transportation, Think of the and cultural Mediterranean as a diffusion. “super highway” of the ancient on world Peninsula • A piece of land that projects into a body of water. • Ex. Korea (Country in Asia) is a peninsula surrounded by the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, and the Korea Bay and Strait. Peninsulas enjoy both the advantages and disadvantages of the water. Easier to travel & trade, but also more difficult to defend. Peninsulas enjoy Common Geography Terms • • both the advantages and Peninsula – piece of land disadvantages with water of on the water. Easier sides to travel & trade, Archipelago – group of islands but also more difficult to defend. 3 Regions of the World - unified by physical or human characteristics such as language, culture, economic activity, or a political system. Question: Did you know there are seven continents in the world? Can you name them? The main directions we use are called cardinal directions and they are north (N), south (S), east (E), and west (W). On most maps, north is at the top. South is at the bottom. East is on the right. West is on the left. The compass rose shows us the in between directions. They are called intermediate directions. NE means northeast SE means southeast SW means southwest NW means northwest Know the difference! LATITUDE • Lines on a map or globe running east & west LONGITUDE • Lines on a map or globe running north & south The Equator • The equator is located at 0 degrees latitude. The equator divides Generally climate along the the planetthe into equator is hot, humid, and very therainy. Northern It is an excellent place andforSouthern farming in most cases. Hemispheres. Prime Meridian • The lines of longitude divide the earth into Eastern and Western hemispheres. The Prime Meridian divides the world into eastern and western hemispheres. The Geography of Rochester • How does the geography of Rochester impact the way we live?