Transcript August XX, 2010 - Dublin City Schools

World Geography
Introduction
Basic
Review
Engage
• Pick a place in the world you have visited or
studied.
– What did you see or learn about that place?
– What is the landscape like?
– What is the weather like?
– What are the people like?
– What is the vegetation or animals like?
What is Geography?
• Geography is the study of place and space.
• Study of human activity, the natural
environment, and the relationship between
the two (human-environment interactions).
• Geographers look at where things are and
why they are there.
Physical v. Cultural Geography
Physical Geography
Cultural Geography
Rocks/Minerals
Population/Settlements/Urbanization
Landforms
Economic and Political Systems
Animal and Plant Life
Transportation
Soils
Human Migration
Atmosphere/Climate/Weather
Social Systems
Environment
Recreation
Rivers/Oceans/Other bodies of Water
Religion/Belief System
•Physical Geography is the study of the Natural Landscape of the Earth
•Cultural Geography is the study of the Human Landscape of the Earth.
•What kinds of tools
would geographers
use?
Maps and Globes –
What’s the difference?
• Maps – “two dimensional” –
usually only show parts of the
Earth’s surface.
• Globes – “three dimensional”
representation of the Earth,
shows whole surface.
Who makes maps?
• Cartographers are people who make maps.
What is an Atlas?
• An ATLAS is a book of maps.
• There is an Atlas at the
beginning of your textbook.
• Knowing how to use it will
help you a lot this year!
Parts of A Map
• Title – explains the subject of the map
• Compass Rose – shows the “Cardinal
Directions”, meaning North, South,
East, and West
• Legend or “Key” - shows and explains
the symbols used on the map
• Scale – shows the true size of the
objects shown on the map
Activity: Identify the Map Parts
Number your paper #1-#4. Identify and label each part
of the map below, using the terms you just learned.
What main types of
maps are there?
PHYSICAL MAPS
POLITICAL MAPS
THEMATIC MAPS
Physical Maps
• Show natural features such as landforms and physical borders;
lakes, rivers, mountain ranges, and things that were around before
humans
• Physical Borders – Borders defined by a physical feature
• Example - Rio Grande River, between USA and Mexico
Activity 2 – Using Physical Maps
Use the World Physical Map on p RA4-RA5 of your
textbook to answer these questions on your own paper.
1. What mountain range separates European
Russia from Asia?
2. What two mountain ranges run the length of
North and South America?
Political Maps
Show features on the earth’s surface that humans created.
Examples of things on a political map?
• Political Borders – are borders created by governments
• National and State Borders
• City Limits, capitals
Activity 3 – Using Political Maps
Use the World Political Map on p. RA6-RA7 of your textbook to
answer these questions.
1. What are the two countries that lie on the Himalayan
border between India and China?
2. What is the name of the largest island in the world?
3. How many countries share a border with Brazil?
Thematic Maps
•Thematic maps can be tricky, there are
many different kinds.
•They all do the same thing… they show
information
Some common thematic maps:
•Population maps
•Weather maps
•Resource maps
•Topographic maps
5 Themes
• Geographers study the world by looking at
– Location
– Place
– Region
– Movement
– Human-Environment Interaction
#1 Location
Where is it?
Absolute Location
• is the exact place on the earth where a geographic feature is found.
• 3322 RR 620 South Austin, TX 78738
• LTHS Room J205
• Latitude = 30 degrees, 19.7 minutes North
• Long = 97 degrees, 58.2 minutes West
Relative Location
• describes a place in comparison to other places around it.
– Ex. Next door to the Wendy’s
#2 Place – What is it like?
• describes the physical features and cultural
characteristics of a location.
#3 Region – How are places similar or
different?
• describes an area of the earth’s surface with
similar characteristics, usually more than one.
GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS:
What defines a region?
• physical (natural) characteristics
– landforms, climate, vegetation
• human (cultural) characteristics
– language, religion, ethnicity, population
Sub-Regions
• Further classification of Regions based upon physical
features and human characteristics.
Examples: The United States is in the North American
Region. However, the U.S. has several sub-regions:
Northeast, Midwest, South, etc.
#4 Movement
• How and why people, plants, animals, and
ideas move through time and place?
#5 Human–Environment Interaction
• People learn to use what the environment
offers them and to change that environment
to meet their needs.
How to remember the 5 themes!
• M = Movement
• R = Region
•
•
•
•
H = Human Interaction
E = Environment Interaction
L = Location
P = Place
What theme might this picture represent?
What theme might this picture represent?
What theme might this picture represent?
What theme might this picture represent?
What are
important lines
on
“Geographer’s
Grid”?
• Equator – Divides the
earth between Northern
Hemisphere and Southern
Hemisphere
• Prime Meridian – Divides
the Eastern Hemisphere
from Western Hemisphere
What is a
hemisphere?
• One half of the Earth.
• North, South, East, West
all have hemispheres.
Where are the
“The
Tropics”?
• Tropic of Cancer – 23.5*
North of Equator
• Sun’s most northern
location on June 21st
• Tropic of Capricorn –
23.5* South of Equator
• Sun’s most southern
location on December 21st
Where are the “Polar Circles”?
• Arctic Circle – 66.5* North of
the Equator
• begins the north polar region
• Antarctic Circle – 66.5* South
of the Equator
• begins South polar regions
What is
“Latitude and
Longitude”?
• It is a grid for finding your
location on the Earth.
Like “X and Y” from the
grid in math class.
Or like a football field.
Or like the game
“Battleship”
What is Latitude?
•
•
•
•
Run parallel to Equator
Measures North and
South
90 degrees North latitude
90 degrees South latitude
Important lines of Latitude:
1. Equator
2. Tropic of Cancer
3. Tropic of Capricorn
4. Arctic Circle
5. Antarctic Circle
What is Longitude?
• Run parallel to Prime
Meridian
• Measures East and
West
• 180 degrees of East
longitude
• 180 degrees of West
longitude
• Total = 360 degree
circle
• All lines meet at
North Pole and stretch
to South Pole
How do you use Latitude and
Longitude to find your way?
1.
2.
3.
Find the right hemispheres (N, S, E, W).
Trace latitude and longitude till they meet.
FOLLOW THE CURVE!
Classwork
• Latitude and Longitude Worksheet
• Finish 7 Continents and 5 Oceans Map