Transcript SS Vocabulary List - Rutherford County Schools

S.S. Vocabulary List
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Location- One of the 5 themes of geography,
location describes where something is.
Absolute Location- One of the two types of
location which tells you exactly where something
is. Examples are: Latitude Longitude, Address,
ETC. Example: Coach George’s classroom is 704.
Relative Location- A location that is “related to”
something else. For example, Coach George’s
classroom is across the hall from Coach Alley’s
classroom.
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Latitude: Imaginary lines that circle the
globe running east to west. Lines of latitude
measure distance North and South of the
Equator (O* Latitude).
 Longitude: Imaginary lines that circle the
globe running north and south. Lines of
longitude measure distance East and West
of the Prime Meridian (O* Longitude).
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Primary Source: A primary source is a
document or physical object which was written
or created during the time under study. These
sources were present during an experience or
time period and offer an inside view of a
particular event. Some
Secondary Source: A secondary a source
interprets and analyzes primary sources. These
sources are one or more steps removed from
the event.
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Equator: The imaginary line at 0* latitude that
divides the earth into the Northern and Southern
Hemispheres.
Prime Meridian: The imaginary line at 0*
longitude that divides the earth into the Eastern
and Western Hemispheres.
International Date Line: The imaginary line at
180* longitude that is the “back side” of the Prime
Meridian. The IDL is the same line as the PM on
the other side of the globe where the new day
begins!
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Movement: One of the 5 themes of
geography, movement looks at why and
how people and things move.
 Place: One of the 5 themes of geography, a
place describes the features that make a
location unique. Example, Washington D.C.
has many great monuments.
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Regions: One of the 5 themes of geography,
regions are areas that share common
characteristics. Example: All of the states that
border the Gulf of Mexico are known as the Gulf
Coast States.
Human Environment Interaction: One of the 5
themes of geography, it explains how people
interact with the environment and how their
environment interacts with them. Example:
Humans cut down trees to make room for houses
and cutting down trees is though to be a cause of
global warming.
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Physical Geography: the branch of
geography concerned with natural features
of the earth's surface, such as landforms,
drainage features, climates, soils, and
vegetation.
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Climate: The average weather conditions for a
long period of time. The “prediction” of what
weather will be like (what you expect). Climate
gets colder the higher in elevation or further you
move away from the equator. It gets warmer the
closer you get to the equator.
Weather: The hour by hour temperature and
precipitation (what you get). EX: Today is sunny,
tomorrow might rain.
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Poverty: the state or condition of having
little or no money, goods, or means of
support.
 Topography: Graphic representation of the
surface features of a place or region on a
map, indicating their relative positions and
elevations. The topography of an area can
best be represented by a topographical,
elevation, or physical map.
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Culture: the set of beliefs, values, and
practices that a group of people have in
common. EX: Language, Religion,
Customs, ETC.
 Cultural Trait: an activity or behavior in
which people of a culture take part.
Example: Eating with chopsticks.
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Cultural Diversity: Having a variety of
cultures in the same area.
 Cultural Region: An area that in which
people share many cultural traits (language,
religion, ethnicity, ETC).
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Plate Tectonics: The theory that the Earth is
divided into a dozen or so slow moving
plates. The two types of plates are
continental and oceanic plates.
 Continental Drift: The theory by Alfred
Wegener that suggests that all the continents
were once one piece (PANGEA) and they
all drifted apart over millions of years.
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Commercial Farming: Commercial Farming
is to farm to make a financial living. In
today's world, a small percentage of the
population farms for the rest of the world
population.
 Subsistence Farming: farming whose
products are intended to provide for the
basic needs of the farmer, with little surplus
for marketing.
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Demographics: Statistical data of a population.
Some demographic concepts include population
distribution, population density, growth rate,
family size, and infant mortality.
Infant Mortality Rate: the death rate during the
first year of life. This information is listed by
country.
Growth Rate: In terms of demographic concepts,
growth rare refers to the yearly increase or
decrease in population for an area. .
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Non-Renewable: A resource that can not be
reproduced. Once it is used, it can not be
replaced. Two examples of non-renewable
resources are oil and coal.
 Renewable: Any natural resource that can
replenish itself naturally over time.
Examples of renewable resources include:
Water, Air, Trees, Wind, etc.
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Occupation: possession, settlement, or use
of land or property
 Famine: A shortage of food.
 International: pertaining to the relations
between two or more nations
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Political Map: A map that shows man made
features such as boundaries, states, and
major cities.
 Physical Map: A map that shows physical
features of the Earth, such as mountains,
rivers, lakes, etc. It shows things not man
made!
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Deforestation: The mass removal of an
area’s trees/forest.
 Global Warming: Global warming is the
theory that there has been an increase in the
average temperature of the Earth. Air
pollution is one of the most known
associated causes of global warming.
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Import: To bring products into a country
from another country.
 Export: To send/ship/sell products to
another country.
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OPEC: Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries. These countries have
formed to control the supply and demand of
oil prices in the world. All the member
countries have large oil resources. By
controlling the supply, they control demand.
 After you copy the vocabulary, get a
calculator and get out your bell work.
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Domestic: produced or made within one's
own country.
 Embargo: A limit placed on trade with
countries.
 Dictatorship: a country, government, or the
form of government in which absolute
power is exercised by a dictator.
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Barter: to trade by exchange of
commodities rather than by the use of
money.
 Tariff: A fee or a tax placed on a trade. A
government tax on imports or exports.
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Topography: Graphic representation of the surface
features of a place or region on a map, indicating
their relative positions and elevations. The
topography of an area can best be represented by a
topographical, elevation, or physical map.
Fjord: a long, narrow arm of the sea bordered by
steep cliffs: usually formed by glacial erosion.
Exploration: the investigation of unknown regions
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Lagoon: an area of shallow water separated
from the sea by low sandy dunes.
 Estuary: that part of the mouth or lower
course of a river in which the river's current
meets the sea's tide.
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Culture: the set of beliefs, values, and
practices that a group of people have in
common.
 Drought: A long period without rain.
 Scarcity: A shortness of supply (resources).
 Immigration: To enter and settle in a
country or region to which one is not native.
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Autocracy: This is the oldest form of
government in the world. Any government
with one single ruler.
 Political System: the members of a social
organization who are in power. Examples
are: Monarchy, Oligarchy, Autocracy,
Dictatorship, Democracy.
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Stephen Harper: Prime Minister of Canada.
 Hu Jintao: President of China
 Felipe Calderon: President of Mexico
 Gordon Brown: Prime Minister of United
Kingdom
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NAFTA: An agreement between the United
States, Mexico, and Canada that allows for
free trade among the 3 countries. No tariffs!
 Communism: The economic theory in
which the government take complete
control of the economy and government.
The government controls the production and
distribution of goods.
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Capitalism: The economic theory in which
the government has NO CONTROL in
setting production and distribution of goods.
Private individuals and companies sustain
the economy.
 Balance of Trade: The total value of all
imports and exports. To have a positive
balance of trade, a country will want to
export (sells) more than it imports (buys).
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Urbanization: The movement of people
from rural to urban areas. The main cause is
industrial development, Positive
consequences are more jobs, education, &
opportunities. Negatives are more crime,
pollution, overcrowding, and low quality of
schools and hospitals.
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Pratibha Patil: President of India
 Dmitri Medvedev: President of Russia
 Barack Obama: President of U.S from
2009-Present
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Resource Allocation: a plan for using available
resources.
Phenomena: a fact or occurrence that can be
observed.
Thematic: Coming from the word “theme,”
thematic maps show diverse (or different) kinds of
information. For example, a map of North
America can be made to show different
information, such as: Climate, Language Groups,
Religion Groups, etc.
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Christianity: a monotheistic religion based
on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians
believe that Jesus is the Son of God. Largest
religion with almost 2 billion followers.
 Judaism: the oldest monotheistic religion,
Judaism was founded in 2000 B.C. Jews
believe they are God’s chosen people. They
also believe Jesus was a prophet. Smallest
religion with 14 million followers.
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Islam: a monotheistic religion based on the
teachings of the prophet Mohammed. This is the
major religion in the Middle East and Northern
Africa. 2nd largest religion with 1 billion
followers.
Domestic: Pertaining to goods made and sold
inside a country.
International Goods: Pertaining to goods made in
a country to be sold outside the country.
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Hinduism: The dominant religion in India. This
religion believes in reincarnation and the social
system known as the caste system. No single
founder.
Buddhism: Religion based on the teachings of
Siddhartha Guatama- The Buddha. Believe in
reincarnation. The religion based on the 8 Fold
Path, which ends at Nirvana. Nirvana is a state of
perfect peace in which suffering and reincarnation
end.
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Protectionism: Economics. the theory,
practice, or system of fostering or
developing domestic industries by
protecting them from foreign competition
by placing limits on imports.
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Economic System: the system of production
and distribution and consumption of goods.
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Himalayas: World’s tallest mountain range that
forms the border of China and the Indian Sub
Continent. Mt Everest, world’s tallest mountain is
here.
Yellow River: Flows through northern China.
Called the Yellow river because of the Loess
(fertile, yellow soil) that flows down it. Each
summer when the river floods, the loess is spread
on the soil and makes it fertile for farming.
Ganges River: River running from the Himalayas
to the Indian Ocean. The river provides fertile soil
and water to people living around it. Known as the
Ganges Plain, India’s farming heartland is located