Transcript Colonizing America

Colonizing America
1519-1733
Conquest of Mexico
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The Spanish Encounter the Aztec
– 1511 – led by Diego Velazquez conquered
Cuba.
Hernan Cortes participated- his courage noticed
and was given control of several Native
American Villages
– Smallpox sweeps area – 6 years later
Killing thousands- devastating farm and mine
workers (Native Americans), leading to the
expedition of the Yucatan Peninsula to find
replacement workers.
The Invasion Begins
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February 18, 1519
– Cortes leads with 11 ships
& 550 men & horses.
– Found shipwrecked Sailor
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Jeronimo de Abuilar –
helped with language
– Spanish had large
Technology advantage
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Swords, crossbows, guns
& cannons
– Peace offering of 20 young
women given to Cortes
(Malinche – became
adviser/translator as they
moved North)
More about the Invasion
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Cortes communicated with local rulers,
finding out more info about the Aztec.
He believed he could convince the
Tlaxcalan, and both astonished then
and terrified this group into becoming
allies and joining Cortes.
Spanish attacks first
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The Aztec aware of the movement towards
their city of Tenochtitlan, offered Cortes that
Montezuma would pay a yearly tribute to
the King of Spain if Cortes halted his
advances.
– They also sacrificed captives offering their blood
to Cortes, believing that he could be a god
(Quetzalcoatl).
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11/8/1519 – Spanish enter city peacefully.
Cortes Defeats the Aztec
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Cortes takes
Montezuma
hostage.
Rebellion lasted for
days, killing 450
Spaniards and 4000
Aztec.
By August 1521
Cortes won.
New Spain Expands
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New city name Mexico replaces
Tenochtitlan, becoming the Spanish
Colony of New Spain.
– Cortes sent several leaders
(conquistadors) on expeditions to
conquer the rest of the regions
Francisco Pizarro
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Explored South America’s west coast in
1526.
Encounters Inca empire in Peru.
Captured emperor Atahualpa
– Eventually executed
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New system emerged.
Some fled & fought Spanish
Conquistadors until 1572.
In Search of….Cities of Gold
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Conquistadors (Francisco Vasquez do
Coronado) wandered from Florida, to
Texas, New Mexico and various parts of the
Southwestern U.S. in search of wealthy
cities.
Hernando de Soto – led expeditions into
north Florida, North Carolina, Tennessee,
Alabama, Arkansas and Texas.
Spanish Settle in the SW
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New Mexico named as territory north of
New Spain.
– Catholic Church became the primary force for
colonizing the Southwest.
– New Mexico & California used different
approaches .
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California – forced nomads to live near missions
New Mexico – adapted efforts to fit the lifestyles of
Pueblo people, teaching Catholic ideas and European
culture.
1680 – major conflict killing 17,000 taking a
decade for the Spanish to regain control.
Spanish American Society
Definitions
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Hidalgos – low ranking nobles
– Working class trades people
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Encomienda- a system of rewarding
conquistadors tract of land
Hacienda – Spanish word for huge
ranch
Vaquero – a person who herded
cattle
Mining & Ranching in
Northern Mexico
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Silver – huge deposits found and
mined in northern Mexico
Ranches – large cattle ranches
Ultimately silver enriched Spain not
gold.
Spanish Society
Based on Class
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Peninsulares – top – high govt, born in Spain or
church positions
Criolles – born in colonies of Spanish parents, many
are wealthy.
Mestizos – mixed parents (Spanish & Native
American)
Lowest levels – Native Americans & Africans and
those who were from mixed cultures.
Council of the Indies – advised the King and
watched over all colonial activities
French Empire
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Northwest Passage –
Giovanni da Verrazano
in 1524.
– Fished in area, traded
goods for furs with
native americans.
– 1605 – French Colony in
Acadia – (Nova Scotia).
– 1608- founded Quebec
– becoming the capital
of new colony of New
France.
Life in New France
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Grew slowly – by 1666 – 3000 people
– Traded fur – did not clear land/farm
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King Louis XIV – launched projects to
build colony and sent many (some
with bonuses) to build area.
– 1670’s – population 7000
– 1760 – 60,000 +
French Exploring the
Mississippi
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1682 -Traveled all the way to the Gulf
of Mexico – (Rene-Robert Cavelier de
La Salle) – the first European to do
this.
Region claimed by France – called the
Louisiana Territory- named after King
Louis.
1698- Biloxi Founded
Louisiana
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French settlements also included
Mobile and New Orleans.
Forts were built to secure the
Mississippi River
Crops – sugar, rice, tobacco, indigo
– Heavy labor – by 1721 – 1800 slaves
enslaved Africans brought to work
the plantations.
Spanish vs. French
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St Augustine
prospered under
the Spanish, which
become the first
permanent town
established by
Europeans.
Spanish
Southwest
Florida
French
Mississippi River
Northern North
America
Summary
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Early Spanish
settlements built
around forts or
churches.
Ranches
established to grow
food for miners.
Society divided into
rigid classes
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Early French was
based on fur trade
and efforts to
protect small
settlements
Late grew crops on
plantations in what
is now known as
the Southern US.
Graphic OrganizerFounding Dates
England
France
Biloxi,
New France
1698
Spain
Roanoke 1587
New Jersey 1664
Mexico
New Spain 1521
Jamestown 1607
New York 1664
Santa Fe,
New Mexico 1609
Plymouth 1620
South Carolina
1670
St. Augustine
Florida 1565
Massachusetts
1630
New Hampshire
1677
Eastern Texas.
1690
Maryland 1634
North Carolina
1700