Transcript Chp 10: Human Geography of Latin America

Chp 10: Human Geography of
Latin America
A Blending of Cultures
Take Five…Finish the diagram—which
countries (regions—make up Latin
America)
Latin America
Mexico--History
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Native American groups (1200 AD)
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Spanish conquest
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Toltecs, Mayans, Aztecs, etc
Hernan Corte’s (1521)
Stealing the Aztec gold
Independence from Spain (1821)
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Agustin de Iturbide
Hernan Cortes v Chief
Montezuma
Tenochtitlan
Mexico City
Take Five…Remembering the
Columbus Exchange…
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What can you infer about the Latin
American relationship (regarding the
Columbus Exchange) from your
knowledge of the Exchange in North
America?
Mexico—Government
(Current)
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Problem with land distribution
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Civil war
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Diaz vs. Madero, Villa & Zapata
PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party)
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Wide gaps between rich and poor
Controlled government for 71 years
Executive (6 yr term), Bicameral legislature,
judiciary
Nation Action Party (2000)
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Felipe de Jesus CALDERON Hinojosa
Felipe de Jesus CALDERON Hinojosa
Lasting implications of
Spanish/Mexican interactions
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Language
Customs
Catholic church
Mestizo Population
Encomiendas systems
Architecture & art
Mexico-Economy
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Traditional agricultural economy
Tourism
Struggling industrial economy
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Movement to cities
Oil
Manufacturing (North)
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Maquiladoras
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Assemble imported materials into finished products
NAFTA—reduces (eliminates) tariffs
Take Five…
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Use your textbook (pg 220) to complete
the Skillbuilder questions.
Challenges facing Mexico
Today
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Lack of jobs, education and land force
people to emigrate
Illegal drug markets
Drug Cartels
Central America
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Central America is an isthmus between North
and South America
Mayan Empire
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Spread across entire region
Military alliance and trade
Abandonment and decline
Spanish conquest
United Provinces of Central America (1823)
1830’s: El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
Guatemala & Honduras (Panama, Belize)
The Caribbean
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Natives
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Taino
Settled by numerous European
countries
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Prosperous Sugar Cane (RUM)
Imported African labor
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Slave revolt (Haiti 1790s)
Take Five…
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Use your textbook (pg 224) to complete
the Skillbuilder questions.
Caribbean--Culture
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Strong European and African influences
Catholic, Protestant, Native Religions as
well as Voodoo
Music
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Reggae and Calypso
Various languages
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Spanish, Dutch, English, French, Danish
Caribbean—
Economy
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Sugar Cane Farming
Bananas, citrus fruits,
coffee and spices
Trade
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Panama Canal
Tourism
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Informal economy
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Street vendors, shoe shiners, other services
But why is the rum gone?
Take Five…
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What countries make up South
America?
South America--History
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Natives
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Incan empire
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Ecuador to Argentina
Cuzco
Spanish conquest
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Francisco Pizarro
Economic and political domination
Native rebellion
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Simon Bolivar
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Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Bolivia
Jose de San Martin
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Argentina, Chile and Peru
South America--Government
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Regional political instability
Military dictatorships
Oligarchies
Underdevelopment
Social class differences
South American--Culture
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Strong Spanish heritage
Literature, art and music
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Celebration of South American
independence
Craftsmanship
South America--Economy
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Agriculture—Argentina, Chile & Uruguay
Mining—Bolivia & Chile
Fishing—Peru & Ecuador
Oil--Colombia & Venezuela
South America—Challenges
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Education—literacy is important
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Free public education
Higher education
Political instability
Military dictatorships
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Ex: General Pinochet
The Great Divide…
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The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
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Spain = West
Portugal = East
Brazil--History
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Natives
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1.5 million native peoples
Portuguese conquest
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Sugar plantations
Portuguese colony until 1822
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Dom Pedro (son of Portugal’s King)
Brazil--Culture
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Blended cultures: native, European &
African
Largest Catholic population in the world
Protestant as well as native religions
Brazil--Economy
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One of the most industrialized countries in
Latin America
Tourism
Abundant natural resources
Mining
Agriculture
Steel
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Automobile mfg.
Ethanol from sugar cane rather than fuel
Brazilian Push/Pull factors
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Migration to the cities
Migration to the interior
Take Five…
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What common challenges do all areas
of Latin America face?
Chp 11: Today’s Issues: Latin
America
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Social class differences
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Most people are illiterate
Most people cannot find jobs
Most people live in the slums
Poverty
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Ex: 45% of Brazilians are impoverished
$2.00 per day
Destroying our Rain Forest
Resources
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Why do we care?
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Rainforest vegetation helps to clean the
earth’s atmosphere
Rainforest is home to numerous plant and
animal species
50 million acres destroyed every year
Destroying our Rain Forest
Resources
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Why is the rainforest being destroyed?
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Timber—mahogany and cedar
Cutting down the rainforest leads to erosion
Livestock has been introduced into the rainforest
area
½ the Amazon rainforest is located in Brazil
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Population growth
Development of communities
Take Five…
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Use your textbook to complete the
Skillbuilder questions on pg 245
Results of Rainforest
Destruction?
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Deforestation—long term damaging effects
Global warming—rainforests help to regulate
the earth’s climate
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Absorbs carbon dioxide and produces oxygen
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Slash and burn creates carbon dioxide
Endangering plant and animal species
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Endangering medical research
Discussion of rainforest
resources…
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Will “debt-for-nature-swap” work?
Political instability
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Oligarchies, Juntas and Caudillos
Seeking democratic reform
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Constitutional government
Free elections
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Need for education and prosperity
Seeking land ownership reform
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Breaking up large estates of wealthy-often corrupt
political elite and giving land to the poor