Transcript Geography

Geography
5 Themes of Geography
• Location
– Absolute
– Relative
• Place
– Cultural characteristics
– Physical characteristics
• Region
• Movement
• Human and Environment Interaction
Location
• Describes where places are on earth.
• Types of Location:
– ABSOLUTE: exact location on earth (fixed)
• Doesn’t change
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Latitude/Longitude
Hemispheres
Grid System
Address
– RELATIVE: compared to other places (variable)
• Changes dependent upon where you’re comparing it to.
– Miles
– Distance
– Direction
Location
• Absolute
– address
555 Trojan Trail
Glasgow, KY 42141
– latitude/longitude
37ºN; 85°W
• Relative
– What is it located
near?
• Barren County is near
Warren County
Absolute Location
555 Trojan Trail
Glasgow, KY 42141
Glasgow, Kentucky
36°59’44”N 85°54’42”
Latitude and
Longitude
• Lines of Latitude and Longitude are
measured in terms of degrees.
• Degrees (°) are divided into minutes.
– Minutes symbol is ΄.
– There are 60 minutes in a degree.
• Latitude degrees are N and S.
– 0° to 90°N/S
• Longitude degrees are E and W.
– 0° to 180°W/E
Lines of
Latitude
are called
parallels.
180° longitude = International Date Line
Lines of longitude are called meridians.
F
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A
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D
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B
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G
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J
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I
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E
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C
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H
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A________________________
F.________________________
B._______________________
G.________________________
C._______________________
H.________________________
D._______________________
I. ________________________
E._______________________
J.________________________
Mountains are on the EAST side of the river
Create a map that shows the route
you traveled from your house to
BCMS. Include street names, road
numbers, turns, as if you were
giving someone directions to your
house.
Place
• A place is defined by it’s unique
characteristics.
• What kind of place is it? What do you
think of when you imagine China?
Japan? Russia? Saudi Arabia?
Place
• Places have both human and physical
characteristics, as well as images.
– Physical characteristics
– Cultural/human characteristics
Place
• Cultural
Characteristics
– Kinds of houses,
means of
transportation,
recreational activities,
jobs, languages, and
religion
• Physical
Characteristics
– Climate, soil, plant life,
animal life, bodies of
water
Physical Characteristics
• Specific to THAT place.
– The way a place looks.
• Created by nature.
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Mountains
Rivers, Lakes, Seas
Climate
Vegetation
• Examples:
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Andes Mountains are in South America.
Amazon River flows through Brazil.
Pampas are located in Argentina.
The isthmus of Panama connects Central & South America.
Cultural Characteristics
• Specific to THAT place.
– Peoples activities change the way a place looks or is
represented.
• Man-made or invented.
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Language
Unique buildings
Religious Practices
Celebrations/traditions/holidays
• Examples:
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Portuguese is the official language of Brazil.
Many Mexicans are Catholic.
Mayan ruins are located in Mexico.
Cinco de Mayo is a national holiday in Mexico.
Native Americans in Alaska wear different clothes,
have different architecture, and have different lifestyles
than the Native Americans in Florida.
Describe a favorite city, state, or
country. How do the physical
characteristics in the place
influence the customs?
Movement
• The movement of
people, the import
and export of goods,
and mass
communication
Movement
• Places do not exist in isolation.
– Interconnectedness of the world changes the way
places “look”.
• Today: “globalization”
– People, goods & ideas move from place to place.
• Examples
– Immigration from Latin America to US.
– War in Iraq (troops, supplies, ideas, people)
– MySpace, Facebook (ideas)
Movement
• The movement of people, the import and
export of goods, and mass
communication (ideas) have all played
major roles in shaping our world. People
everywhere interact. They travel from
place to place and they communicate. We
live in a global village and global economy.
Movement
• Not only do humans move but also ideas move;
fashions move; fads move.
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What is an example of an idea that moves?
Fashion? Fad?
How do we depend on people in other places?
How would our lives change if our movement options
changed?
• What would happen if we traveled by camel or horse?
• How do we actually get food?
What places did your ancestors
leave in order to settle in the US?
Why do you think they moved to
America?
Region
• Areas that have similar unifying
characteristics
Largest caves
Grass looks Blue
Smallest of the
regions
2/3rds of
coal in KY
Gateway
to the
West
Highest elevation
Region
• The world is divided into different regions based
upon similarities & differences.
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Climate
Location
Beliefs
Languages
Ethnicity/Race
• Types:
– Formal
– Functional
– Vernacular (perception)
Formal Region
• Most common/familiar.
• Determined by the distribution of a uniform
characteristic (physical or cultural)
– Location
– Climate
– Religion
• Examples
– The Rockies,
– The Great Lake States
– Tropics (countries located near equator)
Functional Region
• Serves a purpose that affects places around
it.
– Distributes goods/people
– Serves specific purpose
• Examples:
– Panama Canal
– TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)
– Hollywood
Vernacular Region
• Areas loosely defined by people's
perception (i. e., The South, The Middle
East).
• What region do we live in? What type of
region is it? What are its characteristics?
--South
--Southern Kentucky
--near WKU
Human and Environment
Interaction
• Humans adapt, depend, and modify the environment.
Human/Environmental
Interaction (HEI)
• The environment & people are
interconnected. How do humans and the
environment affect each other?
HEI
• There are three key concepts to
human/environmental interaction:
– Humans adapt to the environment.
– Humans modify the environment.
– Humans depend on the environment.
HEI
• Consequences to those actions depend
upon how people choose to interact with
the world and use their resources.
– Positive/Negative
– Intentional/Accidental
– Favorable/Destructive
HEI
• Current Enviromental Issues:
– Climate Change (global warming)
– Energy Resources
– Water Conservation
What are some more examples
of ways that humans use and
modify the environment in
places in which they live?
Examine:
The Windward is the side of a mountain that is facing into
the direction that the wind is coming from.
The Leeward side is the wind protected side of a mountain.
Why are leeward sides of mountains drier
than windward?
How would this impact where people
settle?
How does geography influence
where businesses such as gas
stations and malls are built?
Assignment
• You and your assigned partner will brainstorm a
list of examples for the five themes of
geography. For example—you will determine
an example for absolute and relative location
for location. You will need an example for each
theme/sub themes. Try to determine examples
that no one else would have. You have 10
minutes.
Homework
• Illustrate the 5 themes of geography
Two ways for a cartographer to
map:
1. Globe – 3D; has height, depth, and width
2. Map – 2D
Comparing Globes and Maps
• Which is more accurate?
– Globe, because it is shaped like the earth.
– Only accurate way to draw earth is a sphere.
• Which is easier to read?
– Map
– Because they show more about the world’s
people
Different Types of Maps
1. General purpose – shows a wide range
of general information
2. Physical map – shows natural features
3. Political map – shows places that people
have created
4. Special-purpose – shows information on
specific topics
Mercator Projectionshows accurate land shapes but not accurate size and distance
Most popular; Most incorrect; distorted; Greenland and Alaska are
huge on the map.
Interrupted Projection –
Goode’s as a cut-up sphere; shows size more accurate but
difficult to calculate distances
Robinson projection –
gives fairly accurate view of most sizes, shapes, and directions; shows
a fairly accurate picture of the relationship between land masses and
water; used more than the interrupted
Landforms and Water
Basin
Bay
Hanauma Bay, Oahu Hawaii
Canyon
Cape
Channel
Cliff
Continent
Cultural Feature
Delta
Mississippi River Delta
Nile River Delta
Divide
Downstream
Elevation
Equator
Glacier
Gulf
Harbor
Highland
Hill
Island
Isthmus
Lake
Latitude
Longitude
Lowland
Map
Meridian
Mesa
Mountain
Mountain Peak
Mountain Range
Mouth
Ocean
Ocean Current
Parallel
Peninsula
Physical Feature
Plain
Plateau
Prime Meridian
Relief
River
Sea
Dead Sea
Seacoast
Sea Level
Sound
Puget Sound, Seattle
Long Island Sound
Source
Strait
Strait of Gibraltar
Bering Strait
Tributary
Upstream
Valley
Volcano
Tributaries
small waterways that feed
into larger waters
i.e. creeks into rivers
Topography
study of the surface; “top” of the earth
Elevation – height above sea level
Relief – difference in height
CLIMATEE
Exit Slip: Match the description to the correct term
Address
Culture
Similar characteristics
Manmade lake
Immigration
landforms defined
Like a flatten globe
States outlined
Population map
correct sizes and shapes
accurate shapes but not sizes
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2.
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5.
Mercator
Interrupted
Robinson
Physical
Political
6. Special Purpose
7. Location
8. Place
9. Region
10. Movement
11. Human/Environment Interaction