Transcript 1.1.2 Themes and Elements

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Geography
Chapter 1
The Geographer’s Toolbox
• Enter room, and take assigned
seat quietly. Put your name,
date, and period on the top
right-hand side of a piece of
paper. Do NOT write in red. At
the end of the period, turn your
paper into tray #1 on your way
out of the room.
Geography: Chapter 1
• Vocabulary (Chapter 1 Sec. 1)
1.1 spatial thinking
significant
geographic patterns
Geographic Information System (GIS)
1.2 categorize
absolute location
Global Positioning System (GPS)
relative location
1.3 region
continent
terrace
Chapter 1 Section 1
Bell Ringer
Copy questions and
underline answers.
1.1.1 Thinking Spatially
• Spatial Thinking—thinking about the space on
Earth’s surface, including where it is located
and why it is there.
1.1.1 Thinking Spatially
Geographic Patterns--similarities among
different places; example cities located near
bodies of water might use the water as a way
of shipping.
1.1.1 Thinking Spatially
• GIS—computer based geographic information
systems. Geographers create maps and
analyze patterns using many layers of data.
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
The Five Themes of Geography
1. Location: A
way of locating
places.
Absolute location exact point where a
place is found; geographers study places
and the people who live there; 45 degrees
North, 9 degrees East describes an
absolute location.
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
Global Positioning System satellite
system used to determine absolute
location.
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
• Relative location—a place in relation to other
places. Example: The Great Wall is located
near Beijing in northern China.
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
• 2. Place—includes the characteristics of a
location. Example—The Grand Canyon has
steep rock walls carved over centuries by the
Colorado River.
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
3. Human-Environment Interaction—
how people affect the environment
and how the environment affects
people—example: dams used to store
water
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
4. Movement--explains how people, ideas, and
animals get from one place to another; example
spread of religions around the world.
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
5. Region--group of places with
common characteristics, traits.
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
• Using the 5 themes of Geography write your
biography.
1. Location: Absolute—Mobile: 30.41°N, 88.02° W
Relative—Southern coast of
Alabama on the west side of Mobile Bay
2. Place: A famous place near Mobile is _________
3. Human-Environment Interaction: How have people
affected the environment?
4. Movement: I have moved several time in my life.
Born Atlanta, GA
Grew up Missouri
Moved to Alabama, & Louisiana
5. Region: Missouri—Midwest
Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana--south
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
• Six Elements:
1. The World in Special Terms: Tools such as
maps to study places on Earth.
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
• 2. Places and Regions: Characteristics of
a place and regions
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
3. Physical Systems--processes on Earth,
such as volcanoes.
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
4. Human Systems--geographers study the
economic life of people from a certain
place.
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
• 5. Environment and Society—how
humans change the environment and use
resources. Ways to work around the
challenges of nature-- farmers use
irrigation is an example that changes
amount of water available. Good results-preservation of water, Harmful
results--threaten species, pollution.
1.1.2 Themes and Elements
• 6. The Uses of Geography—interpret the
past, analyze the present, and plan for
the future.
1.1.3 World Regions
Region—a group of places with common
traits or physical characteristics. Places
are linked by trade, culture and other
human activities.
1.1.3 World Regions
Continent large landmass; it can be a
region; it can contain many smaller
regions, or it can be part of a larger region
such as the Americas. South America
region and continent.
1.1.3 World Regions
Global Perspective: Examples--shifts in
currents of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans
or how one region affects another, use a
global perspective instead of a regional
perspective.
• Enter room, and take assigned
seat quietly. Put your name,
date, and period on the top
right-hand side of a piece of
paper. Do NOT write in red. At
the end of the period, turn your
paper into tray #1 on your way
out of the room.
Chapter 1 Section 2
Bell Ringer
Copy questions and
underline answers.
Geography: Chapter 1
• Vocabulary (Chapter 1 Section 2)
2.1 globe
map
latitude
equator
longitude
prime meridian
hemisphere
2.2 scale
2.3 cartographer
elevation
relief
2.4 projection
distort
2.5 theme
1.2.1
Locator Globe shows the specific area of
the world displayed on a map.
1.2.1
Latitude lines never touch each other;
sometimes call parallels
1.2.1
Equator sits at 0° latitude; runs east and
west; longest latitude line; center line of
latitude on Earth
1.2.1
Tropic of Cancer 23Degrees North
Tropic of Capricorn 23 Degrees South
1.2.1
Longitude line meet the poles.
1.2.1
Longitude measures location east and
west, a place’s exact location can be
described by identifying the point where
lines of latitude and longitude cross.
Prime Meridian is
an imaginary line
connecting the
North Pole and the
South Pole;
divides the
Western
Hemisphere from
the Eastern
Hemisphere
1.2.1
1.2.1
Hemisphere every place on earth is
located in either the Northern or Southern
hemisphere and also in either the
Western or Eastern hemisphere.
1.2.1
Compass Rose
shows the
directions
north, south,
east, and
west.
1.2.1
Map Legend explain the meaning of
symbols and colors on a map.
1.2.1
Symbol map element that represents
information on a map such as the location
of natural resources.
1.2.2
Large-Scale Map covers a small area but
shows many details, such as schools,
parks, and street.
1.2.2
A small-scale map covers a large area but
includes few details. Example would be a
map of the southern portion of Africa.
1.2.3
Political and Physical Maps
Cartographer--map maker; show elevation
with color; create different kinds of maps
for different purposes.
1.2.3
Political map
shows humancreated features
on Earth’s
surface; shows
features that
humans have
created, such as
boundaries.
1.2.3
1.2.3
Physical Map shows natural features, such
as mountains and rivers
Physical maps can also show elevation
(height) and relief (change in elevation)
1.2.4
Globe
Map Projections
Homolosine projection
The world is a sphere, maps are flat.
Maps distort, or change, shapes, area,
distances and directions.
1.2.4
Projections Map show Earth’s curved
surface on a flat page.
1.2.4
Map Projections
The type of map a cartographer makes
depend on the maps purpose.
1.2.4
Map Projections
Mercator Projection map projection
shows direction accurately, making it
useful for navigators.
1.2.5
Thematic Maps: Maps about a specific
theme, or topic.
Dot Density Map could be used to show
the population in and around a city
1.2.5
Point Symbol Map could be used to
show the location of oil fields in Texas
or wheat farms in Russia.
1.2.5
Unemployment Percentages in 2000
Proportional Symbol Map uses symbols of
different sizes to show the size of an event.