Transcript Module 5: Resolving NetBIOS Names by Using Windows Internet

Module 7: Resolving
NetBIOS Names by Using
Windows Internet Name
Service (WINS)
Overview
Multimedia: The Role of WINS in the Network
Infrastructure
Installing and Configuring a WINS Server
Managing Records in WINS
Configuring WINS Replication
Managing the WINS Database
Multimedia: The Role of WINS in the Network
Infrastructure
The objective of this presentation is to provide
a high-level overview of WINS in the network
infrastructure.
At the end of this presentation, you will be
able to:
 Explain the role of WINS in the network
infrastructure
 Describe how WINS resolves NetBIOS names
 Describe the WINS registration process
 Describe how WINS replication works
Lesson: Installing and Configuring a WINS Server
The Components of WINS
What Is a NetBIOS Node Type?
How a WINS Client Registers and Releases NetBIOS
Names
How Burst Handling Works
How a WINS Server Resolves NetBIOS Names
How to Install the WINS Service
How to Configure Burst Handling
The Components of WINS
WINS Server
Subnet 2
WINS Client
Subnet 1
WINS Proxy
WINS
Database
What Is a NetBIOS Node Type?
A NetBIOS node type is a method that a computer uses to
resolve a NetBIOS name into an IP address
Node type
B-node
P-node
M-node
H-node
Description
Uses broadcasts for name registration and
resolution
Uses a NetBIOS name server such as WINS
to resolve NetBIOS names
Combines B-node and P-node, but functions
as a B-node by default
Combines P-node and B-node, but functions
as a P-node by default
Registry
value
1
2
4
8
How a WINS Client Registers and Releases NetBIOS Names
Name Registered
Name Released
WINS Client
1
2
WINS Server
WINS client sends request to register
WINS server returns registration message with TTL value
indicating when the registration expires if not renewed
WINS client sends request to release name
WINS server sends a positive name lease response
How Burst Handling Works
Burst handling is the response of a WINS server to a large
number of WINS clients that are trying to simultaneously
register their local names in WINS
1
2
Request to register
Registered
How a WINS Server Resolves NetBIOS Names
Up to 3 attempts
WINS Server A
1
ClientA
Subnet 2
Subnet 1
2
WINS Server B
3
Subnet 2
1
Client makes 3 attempts to contact WINS server, but does not
receive a response
2
Client attempts to contact all WINS servers until contact is made
3
If name is resolved, IP address is returned to the client
How to Install the WINS Service
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Install the WINS service
Check the status of the WINS service
How to Configure Burst Handling
Your instructor will demonstrate how to configure burst
handling
Practice: Installing and Configuring a WINS Server
In this practice, you will install and
configure a WINS server.
Lesson: Managing Records in WINS
What Is a Client Record?
What Is a Static Mapping?
How to Add a Static Mapping Entry
Methods for Filtering and Viewing Records in WINS
How to Filter WINS Records
What Is a Client Record?
The service
registered
The that
IP address
NetBIOS
Displays
The
registered
TheWINS
state
that
name,
“x”
server
of
the
corresponds
the
towhich
entry,
Aindicate
database
from
unique
including
can
which
whether
to
Shows
hexadecimal
beentry,
the
athe
unique
the
registered
when
which
entry
the entry
the
number
originates
canentry
isbe that
willthe
expire
WINS
hexadecimal
name, orname
a group,
typestatic
active,
identifier
internet
and
released,
group,
displays
server
or
or“null”
multihomed
tombstoned
assigns
or is blank
during
computer
if name
the entry
registration
is not static
What Is a Static Mapping?
A static mapping is a manual entry in the WINS database that
maps a NetBIOS name to an IP address
Administrator enters computer
name-to-IP address entry
Non-WINS Clients
WINS Database
How to Add a Static Mapping Entry
Your instructor will demonstrate how to add a static
mapping entry
Methods for Filtering and Viewing Records in WINS
Search filter
NetBIOS name and IP
address
Record owners
Record types
Description
Based on all or part of a NetBIOS name, an
IP address, or a NetBIOS name and an IP
address, including or excluding the subnet
mask as a parameter
Based on the name records of one or more
name record owners
Based on one or more NetBIOS name suffix
record types
How to Filter WINS Records
Your instructor will demonstrate how to filter WINS
records
Practice: Managing Records in the WINS Server
In this practice, you will manage records in
the WINS server
Lesson: Configuring WINS Replication
How WINS Replication Works
How Push Replication Works
How Pull Replication Works
What Is Push/Pull Replication?
WINS Replication Partner Properties
How to Configure WINS Replication
How to Configure Replication Partners Properties
How WINS Replication Works
WINS replication is the process of copying updated WINS data
from a WINS server to other WINS servers in a network to
synchronize the data
WINS Server B
WINS Server A
WINS
Replication
Subnet 1
HostA
Subnet 2
HostB
How Push Replication Works
A push partner notifies replication partners when the database reaches a set
threshold of changes
Push replication maintains a high level of synchronization/use with fast links
Notification
Replication
sent
request
sent
423 Replicas
WINS Server A
Subnet 1
WINS Server B
1
Subnet 2
50 changes occur
in database
1
WINS Server A reaches set threshold of 50 changes in its database
2
WINS Server A notifies WINS Server B that threshold is reached
3
WINS Server B responds to WINS Server A with a replication request
4
WINS Server A sends replicas of its new database entries
How Pull Replication Works
A pull partner requests replication based on a set time
Pull replication limits frequency of replication traffic across slow links
WINS Server A
Requests changes
sent
12 Replicas
every 8 hours
Subnet 1
1
WINS Server A requests database changes every 8 hours
2
WINS Server B sends replicas of its new database entries
WINS Server B
Subnet 2
What Is Push/Pull Replication?
Push/pull replication effectively ensures that the
databases on multiple WINS servers are nearly identical
at any given time by:
Notifying replication partners whenever the database
reaches a set threshold of changes
AND
Requesting replication based on a set time
WINS Replication Partner Properties
Property
Description
Enable automatic partner As WINS servers are discovered joining the
network, they are added as replication partners
configuration
Increases the speed of replication so that a
Enable persistent
server can immediately send records to its
connections
partners
Enable overwrite unique
static mappings at this
server (migrate on)
If presented with both a static and dynamic-type
entry for the same name, the static mapping is
overwritten
How to Configure WINS Replication
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Configure WINS replication
Modify a replication partner type
Modify the Push Replication settings for replication
partners
Modify the Pull Replication settings for replication
partners
Replicate with all WINS partners
Start push replication for a WINS replication partner
Start pull replication for a WINS replication partner
How to Configure Replication Partners Properties
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Configure the Pull properties for the replication
partner
Configure the Push properties for the replication
partner
Practice: Configuring WINS Replication
In this practice, you will configure WINS
replication
Lesson: Managing the WINS Database
Why Back Up a WINS Database?
How to Back Up and Restore a WINS Database
What Are Simple Deletion and Tombstoned Deletion of Records?
How to Delete a WINS Record
What Are Dynamic and Offline Compacting?
How to Compact a WINS Database
How Scavenging Works
How to Scavenge a WINS Database
How a WINS Database Is Checked for Consistency
How to Check for Consistency on a WINS Database
Guidelines for Decommissioning a WINS Server
How to Decommission a WINS Server
Why Back Up a WINS Database?
To repair a corrupt WINS database, you can
back up and then restore a WINS database
To back up a WINS database :
Specify a backup directory
Back up manually or configure automatic backups
To restore a WINS database:
Manually delete and restore database files
How to Back Up and Restore a WINS Database
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Specify a back up directory for the WINS database
Manually back up a WINS database
Restore a WINS database from a recent backup
What Are Simple Deletion and Tombstoned Deletion of
Records?
To recover unused space that obsolete records occupy,
you can update the WINS database by:
Simple deletion. Records selected by using the WINS
console are removed from the current local WINS server
Tombstoned deletion. Records are marked for deletion,
replicated to other WINS servers, and then removed during
the next scavenging operation
How to Delete a WINS Record
Your instructor will demonstrate how to delete a WINS
record
What Are Dynamic and Offline Compacting?
Compacting is the process of recovering unused space in a
WINS database that is occupied by obsolete records
Maintain WINS database integrity by using:
Dynamic compacting. Automatically occurs while the
database is in use
Offline compacting. Administrator stops the WINS server
and uses the jetpak command
How to Compact a WINS Database
Your instructor will demonstrate how to compact a
WINS database offline
How Scavenging Works
7-days
Jan 1
Time
stamped
7-days
Jan 8
Jan 15
Refresh
Interval
No-Refresh
Interval
Scavenge
Aging
Scavenging process:
7123456
The
Released
Names
active
marked
names
names
for
that
that
deletion
the
theWINS
WINS
for
that
which
are
server
server
replicated
the
owns
owns
Extinction
and
and
from
for
for
other
The
Active
Names
scavenging
names
marked
that
for
timer
are
deletion
starts
replicated
that
when
are
from
the
replicated
other
server
servers
starts
from
up
other
and for
which
timeout
servers
the
and
has
Renew
Extinction
for
expired
which
Interval
are
interval
the
deleted
Extinction
has
has
expired
and
expired
removed
timeout
are
are
marked
has
marked
from
expired
as
and
which
servers
is the
equal
areVerification
removed
to half
thefrom
interval
Renewal
the database
has
interval
expired are revalidated
released
for deletion
the
are
database
deleted
and
removed
from
the
database
How to Scavenge the WINS Database
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Configure scavenging settings on the WINS database
Scavenge the WINS database
How a WINS Database Is Checked for Consistency
Checking WINS database consistency helps maintain database
integrity among WINS servers in a large network
WINS Server
WINS Server
WINS Server
How to Check for Consistency on a WINS Database
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Configure WINS database verification
Verify database consistency
Verify version ID consistency
Guidelines for Decommissioning a WINS Server
Decommissioning an installed WINS server is the act of
removing it from a network
Guidelines for decommissioning a WINS server:
If you reduce the number of WINS servers in your
network, you can reconfigure WINS clients to point to
other WINS servers in the network
Reconfiguration is necessary only if clients are still
using WINS
If you eliminate WINS in your network, you can
implement DNS as your primary naming service
How to Decommission a WINS Server
Your instructor will demonstrate how to decommission
a WINS server
Practice: Managing a WINS Database
In this practice, you will manage a WINS
database
Lab A: Resolving NetBIOS Names by Using Windows
Internet Name Service (WINS)
In this lab, you will identify and resolve
common issues when resolving NetBIOS
names by using WINS