Transcript 數位匯流法制再造 - 產業發展研究中心

政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
資通訊科技數位匯流論壇
主題演講
中華民國九十八(2009)年十二月三日 (星期四)下午1520-1630
國立中興大學社管大樓一樓112演講廳
政府政策法規之管制革新
數位匯流法制再造
講座教授：
林建山
博士
DR. BERT J. LIM, PhD in Economics Management
財團法人環球經濟社社長兼公共政策研究所所長
THE WORLD ECONOMICS SOCIETY
The Think Tank for Policy Study since 1974
23 Lane 50, Tun-Hwa North Road,
Taipei, 10552, Taiwan ROC
Tel: ＋886-2-87738878
Fax: ＋886-2-87734855
Domain: http://www.wes-ngo.org
E-Mail: [email protected]
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
The World Economics Society
15:20-16:30 pm December 3 , 2009
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
數位匯流法制再造
by Dr. Bert J. Lim 林建山博士
一.運資通訊數位匯流大趨勢
二.臺灣數位匯流的新興產業效應
三.運資通訊數位匯流的規制典範移轉
四.臺灣現象應有的規制創新
2
Scott Tinker, Director
Bureau
of Economic
Geology
Dr. Bert
J. Lim
2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
August 4, 2003
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
運資通訊數位匯流
大趨勢
3
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
世界運資通訊數位流量需求成長趨勢
Growth of Demand and Volume of Traffic
20000
Internet Video to
TV
Internet Video to
PC
PB/month
15000
VoIP
Video
communications
10000
Gaming
P2P
5000
Web, eMail,
data
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
4
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
世界數位匯流大趨勢 Digital Convergence
事業廠商匯流
服務數位匯流
機具設施匯流
類型網路匯流
業際界限重編組
業際界限重編組
業際界限重編組
業際界限重編組
Service Provider
Convergence
Service
Convergence
Device
Convergence
Network
Convergence
5
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Fuente: KCC site
The World Economics Society
→
三網合一
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
四網合一
Telecom
CATV
Telecom
Internet
Wireless
Tec
CATV
Internet
6
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
數位匯流的實務取向
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
Convergence is (becoming) a reality
TV & Games
Triple Play
PSTN
WLAN/WiMAX
Content
VoIP Videotelephony
UMTS
7
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
NGN世代到臨Next Generation Networks
8
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
NGN 交叉接取
Interconnection – NGN
Web Sites
Web Sites
Terminating
Carrier
ISP B
ISP B
Originating
Carrier
Backbone
Carrier
Users
Users
9
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
Future Trends
Ultra Broadband
Wireless
Miniaturization
PLATFORMS
PROLIFERATION
Automation
INDUSTRY
CONSO
LIDATION
Semantic Web
3D Development
RFID
Ultra
High Definition
Transparency
Processing
& Storage
NEW
BUUSINESS
MODELS
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
SENSORS’
APPLICATION
PROCESSING & STORAGE
IMPROVEMENT
Supply
INTERNET
UBIQUITY
Technology
Market
2020
Rollable
Displays
GRAPHIC
INNOVATION
INCREASING
GENERATIONAL GAP
Demand
NEW
SEGMENTATION
Regulation
TRANSNATIONAL
FIRMS
SOCIAL
NETWORKING
Interactivity
COPYRIGHT &
OTHER RIGHTS
NEXT GENERATION
NETWORK REGULATION
PRIVACY
AND SECURITY
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Cooperation
10
The World Economics Society
NGN以IP為基礎
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
IP based NGN – A Layered Architecture
Control
Bearer
Application
Layer
Application
Services
Internet
Service Control
Layer
Softswitch
Control
IP Service
Switching
Transport
Layer
Media
Gateways
PSTN
Broadband
Access
Multiservice
Packet Switching
RAS
X
DSLAM
GbE
Frame/
ATM
ACCESS
NETWORK
X
Metro Optical
X
X
X
X
National Optical
X
X
X
X
CORE NETWORKS
CPE
Wireless
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
11
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
NGN世代的供需價值鏈
Supply: (Re)Combining the Sequence
Content &
Application
Aggregation
• Browsing
Also:
• Social networking
• Application Service
Provisioning
• Content Access
Provisioning
• Advertising
• Localization Services
• Network Management
Also:
• Social networking
• Content Access Provisioning
• Localization Services
Access
Devices
Enabling Services
• Authentication
• Billing & Payments
• Localization Services
• DRM
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
• Storage and Processing
• Visualization
• Content
Also:
• Context Interaction Services
• Localization Services
• Electronic Payments
• DRM
Customers
12
The World Economics Society
NGN世代的供需價值鏈
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
Demand: Moving toward BB and Media Convergence
OLD TV
TRADITIONAL PC
WEB USER
WEB 2.0 USER
NET TV USER
Media world is changing at a very fast pace
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
13
The World Economics Society
運資通訊科技析離整編繁衍新生創新產業:
Telecommunications and Nokia's Change
Net sales USD 5.2 billion 1988
Market capitalization USD 1.4
billion
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
Nokia之例
Net sales USD 40 billion 2007
Global Market Share 40 %
Market capitalization USD 133 billion
Floorings 1%
Chemicals 2%
Machinery 4%
Electrical
Wholesale 4%
Mobile Telephones 5%
Telecommunications 5%
Rubber 6%
Information Systems 23%
Cables 9%
Paper 10%
Consumer Electronics 31%
1988
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1998
2007
1
4
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
創意是讓生活豐富的最重要泉源
臺灣數位匯流的
新興產業效應
15
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
UNS2007Taiwan :Ubiquitous Network Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
臺灣成為優質網路化社會的發展方向
16
UNS發展趨勢與對策-從e臺灣到M臺灣到u臺灣 (行政院NICI小組)
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
UNS2007Taiwan :Ubiquitous Network Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
臺灣成為優質網路化社會
透過隨手可得的e化服務，建構臺灣成為一個安全、便利、安心的資訊社會
17
UNS發展趨勢與對策-從e臺灣到M臺灣到u臺灣 (行政院NICI小組)
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
臺灣IPv6發展與建置-現況
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2007
IPv6
Ready
Logo
IPv6
Forum
Taiwan
IPv6
Showroom
IPv6 Frame
Relay
Backbone
國家寬頻實驗
IPv6網路
2008
2009~2012
技術
與
服務
之
推廣
IPv6 Ready
Logo Phase
II
TAnet IPv6/IPv4
Dual Stack
Service
基礎
建設
GSN IPv6
Backbone
TWAREN
IPv6/IPv4 Dual
Stack Service
我國IPv6發展建置計畫
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2006
7家 ISPs 提供
IPv6 Tunnel
Broker
普及物件 新一代網
際網路協
連網基礎
定互通認
建設計畫
證計畫
研究
計畫
18
The World Economics Society
臺灣運資通訊建設之發展
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
國家資訊通信發展方案
(2007年-2011年)
國家資訊通信發展方案
(2002-2006年)
1.電子化政府
1.行動通信建設
2.產業電子化
2.深化ICT應用
3.ICT基礎建設
upgrade
26th科技顧問會議結論
u-Taiwan
M-Taiwan計畫
e-Taiwan計畫
電子化政府推動方案
產業自動化及電子化推動方案
數位內容推動方案
NII 推動方案
1998
99
2000
01
資料來源：行政院NICI小組，
2008/9 RESERVED
Dr. Bert
J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS
02
03
數位學習推動方案
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
19
The World Economics Society
臺灣運資通訊建設之發展
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
i-臺灣
應
用
面
i-臺灣
(智慧感知網路，ALL-IP網路，
智慧型應用服務)
智慧型服務
u-臺灣 (2008-2011)
(感測網路，數位匯流，法規整備)
u-臺灣
無所不在服務
M-臺灣
行動服務
(資訊科技化服務,ITES)
M-臺灣(2005-2009)
(無線寬頻基礎建設，
完成雙網服務)
(資通訊整合應用服務)
e-臺灣(2002-2007)
e-政府
e化基礎建設
(寬頻服務：6百萬用戶)
(資通訊產業發展)
基礎
建設
(資訊化服務)
固網寬頻
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
無線寬頻
無所不在網路
智慧型網路
20
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
運資通訊數位匯流
的規制典範移轉
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
21
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
運資通訊數位匯流的規制策略調適
Environment: how to handle convergence?
數位匯流現象
Phenomenon of convergence
可重製性
Bundling
Replicability
Margin squeeze
資料Data
語聲Voice
視像TV
瓶頸
內容可及性
Access to content
Bottlenecks?
(Wholesale)
聯網可及性
Access to networks
22
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
運資通訊數位匯流之新模式The convergence Model
網通服務者
電信業者
ISPs
廣播業者
Telecom operators
Broadcasters
市場匯流
Market convergence
模式創新
不須受規制
Innovation without
permission
主戰場
網路事業模式 battleground
Internet commercial
Model
IP本位聯網
電信事業模式
Telecom commercial
Model
IP-based networks
模式創新
須循國際規約
Innovation with
international
agreement
科技匯流
Technological convergence
包裹接播網路
線路接播網路
Packet Switched Networks
Circuit Switched Networks
廣電網路
Broadcasting Networks
23
資料來源：J. Homods, “NGN and Convergence Models, Myths, and Models”. OECD NGN Foresight Forum, 3 October 2008.
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
2002年之前世界運資通訊分立規制狀況
Until 2002: separate networks and separate regulatory rules
服 務
Service
電傳語聲
Data
網 路
定制移動
Fixed
Network
Voice
telephony
Fixed
Mobile
終端出口 電話機/手基
Telephone/
Terminal
Handset
廣播
Broadcasting
有線/衛星/全
球空間
Cable
Satellite
Terrestrial
PC
電視
Television
24
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
世界運資通訊數位匯流之規制必須再造
Which regulatory rules and competences in a convergent world?
Service
Voice
telephony
Network
Terminal
Fixed
Mobile
Telephone/
Handset
Data
Broadcasting
Fixed
Cable
Satellite
Terrestrial
PC
Television
Convergence is one of the driving forces to create the ECNS
framework covering all types of electronic networks and
services
25
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
基礎建設競爭Infrastructure Competition
New technologies
UMTS
Cable
Mobile BB
Alternative
wired
infrastructure
BB wireless
WiMax
Intermodal
competition
NGN/
NGA
NGN/
NGA
Intramodal
competition
PSTN incumbent
New entrants
26
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
DSL technology
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
先進國家寬頻普及率成長情勢January 2009
Broadband penetration rate and its growth in Europe
27
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Source: 14th Implementation Report, publ. March 2009
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
先進國家寬頻基礎建設
Broadband Infrastructures : No level playing field
Technology
Shielding
Dampening
Resource
Sharing
Fibre optics
yes
low
no
Coaxial
yes
Average
Some
DSL
No
Average
Some
Mobile
No
High
Extensive
(UMTS)
(i.e. TV)
(Voice)
28
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
數位服務範疇之變革
Electronic communications networks and services - Scope
Content Services
Lower layer
- outside scope of new framework
(e.g. broadcast content, e-commerce services)
Communications services
(e.g. telephone, fax, e-mail)
Communications networks
Upper layer
(fixed, mobile, satellite, cable TV, powerline systems,
networks used for radio and television broadcasting)
and associated facilities (e.g. CAS, APIs, EPGs)
29
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
IP-IC/NGN新世代規制之新思維與新原則
IP-IC/NGN REGULATORY PRINCIPLES
Content of the Common Statement:
傳輸服務分離 separation between transport and service
important for the development of innovative services
降低交叉接取費率
maximum efficient number of PoI offered
in NGNs for lowest interconnection rate
下限服務品質
Power to set minimum quality of service
requirements should be entrusted directly upon NRAs
標準化、交互運作
standardisation, interoperability,
reference offer
全面低成本 NGNs core will lead to a lower overall cost level
接取聯網智財化 Bill & Keep has promising properties for a
future interconnection regime, but needs further study work
plan elaborated, taken over in WP 2009
30
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
IP based NGN – A Layered Architecture
Control
Bearer
應用層
Application
Services
Application Layer
Internet
服務層
Service Control
Layer
Softswitch
Control
IP Service
Switching
營運層
Transport Layer
Media
Gateways
PSTN
Broadband
Access
Multiservice
Packet Switching
RAS
X
DSLAM
GbE
Frame/
ATM
ACCESS
NETWORK
X
Metro Optical
X
X
X
X
National Optical
X
X
X
X
CORE NETWORKS
CPE
Wireless
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
31
The World Economics Society
NGN規制之政策意涵
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
Regulatory implications of NGN
Security
Regulation of
“Plain Old Telephone
Service (POTS) ”
Numbering
Consumer
protection
Interconnection
Privacy
Quality of
Service
Emergency
Access
Interconnection
Competition
NGN規制之三大核心議題
“Next Generation” Core Regulatory issues
Competition (level-playing field),
Interconnection
•Consumer (QOS, privacy,
emergency access)
•Security & legal interception
Scope for light-touch regulation
32
Source: ASTAP05_WS.IP&NGN-2009
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
NGN接取費率之政策抉擇
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
NGN Interconnection- Charging options
•Present concept of charging in PSTN/PLMN
is based on work done, cost basis, distance
and time-duration of call.
•IP Networks may require many more
feature for charging:
1.時+量+點
time etc.
Charging based on call duration, bearer capability,
2.量+寬頻+應用
application etc.
3.課徵費用對象
Charging based on QoS, bandwidth,
Chargeable party
4.收取附加服務費+加值費
value added services.
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
(calling, called or third party) .
Charging of supplementary and
33
The World Economics Society
NGN接取費率之政策抉擇
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
NGN Interconnection - Charging options (Contd..)
數額取費
個案取費
Volume Based
Event Based
• User pays per
kbit/s or
Mbit/s of data
sent or
received
• No charge if
link not in
use – not time
related
• Pay in
additional for
content e.g.
video, music
• Charging
methods Only
per kbit/s
Bundles of XMB per month
• User pays per
event, current
examples are per SMS,
MMS, Song, Ringtone
• Off peak voice
move to per event
charge, e.g. retail onnet local, national calls
• Users have direct
charging
relationship with
content providers
• Per event charging
related to
premium content,
e.g. premiership
football matches
內容/價值取費
Content/Value Based
• Targeting specific
customers
• Based on demand,
quality, customer
loyalty
• Not necessarily
linked to data
volume or time on
network
• Could be applied to
event based model
34
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
NGN成本結構配置之混合模式
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
A Hybrid model for NGN cost allocation
Access
Node
IP-Centrex
Voice Gateway
Other Application
Application servers
Service specific costs
Allocate costs to services
based on key cost drivers
(e.g. QOS, QOE )
Core next
generation
IP network
NGN core
Core network
costs
Shared fixed
and variable
costs allocated
on capacity
(Per E1)
VDSL
User
premises
Fibre
200m
copper
loop
NGN access
Access network
costs
Fixed costs:
Regulated
based on
principle of
equivalence
Or B & K
35
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
政府規制之典範移轉
Regulation: Tuning the Regulatory Framework to Market Developments
2015
2012?
2011?
Review
comes into force
2010
Regulamentary
Review
2007
2006
MARKET
AFTER
REVIEW
產業結構分離
服務職能分離
RECOMMENDATION
Consultation
Short Term
Streamlining the
regulatory framework
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Long Term
Improving the EC power
to supervise NRAs
36
Structural/Functional Separation
Spectrum Management
The World Economics Society
聯網模式之自由選擇空間 Freedom to Choose Networks
網路 Internet
NGNs Next Generation Network
Application Servers
Applicatio
n
function
Video
phone
37
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
協作collaboration
Content ･･･････
delivery
Interconnection
among ISPs
B
Platform/Servi
ce
function Session
Control
Authentication Charging
Security
Network
function
（transmission)
Core node
Core
Networks
Edge node
Access
Network
s
C
協作collaboration
D
X
協作collaboration
Optical
access
Wireless
LAN
PCs
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Tier 1
Other
accesses
cell
phones
QoS may
differ
according to
network
A
Security and authentication
system may depend on
applications used in
terminals
telephones
TVs
無所不在聯網 ubiquitous network
E
Networked
home
appliances
37
The World Economics Society
NGN費率委員會之必要
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
NGN Interconnection - Regulatory Intervention
• What works will depend upon the various factors in
play at the time and the manner in which the
regulator wants the network to develop
• In India after public consultations in Jan 2006 the
stakeholders in general expressed an urgent need for
the creation of a high-level cross-industry
coordination committee for smooth migration to
NGN domain.
• A committee (NGN-eCO) was formed consisting of
representatives from Licensor, Regulator, Service
Providers, Vendors & Academia to examined all the
relevant issues for smooth transition.
• The committee identified three important areas for
possible regulatory intervention. Interconnection,
Licencing and Quality of Service.
38
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
英國TSR採行電信Oofcom 鬆綁之策略
TSR strategy for deregulation Ofcom UK
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
20071018
• 改變既往集中規制固網經營方式而轉為規制多元多樣的「商品化服務」
• Historically, fixed voice has been the most heavily regulated area in telecoms –
increasingly at odds with the world where voice is a ‘commodity service’,
ubiquitously delivered over different platforms and devices.
• In TSR, Ofcom proposed a staged withdrawal from voice-specific
regulation:
1) Removal of retail regulation once sufficient wholesale competition was in place. Retail price
controls were abandoned in July 2006, with only safeguard measures on BT remaining.
2) Withdrawal of wholesale regulation as and when generic access competition could take over. Most
wholesale controls remain in place, although some deregulation took place in the 2005 review of
network charge controls.
• Several other ongoing Ofcom policy activities are of direct relevance for future
competition in voice, most notably the Openreach financial framework review
and work on NGN interconnect and charging models.
Key technology and regulatory milestones with implications for fixed voice
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Openreach financial framework
Network charge controls expire in Aug 2009
Replacement charging mechanism (NGNUK)
21CN: 100% User migration
21CN: 50% User migration
NGN Interconnect model
Proposed voice wholesale product Voice Line Access - VLA
Proposed converged access product - WCA
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
39
The World Economics Society
英國Ofcom 現行規制之兩大重點
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
Current regulation of fixed voice__ Ofcom UK
20071018
There are two broad types of remedies in fixed voice, used to:
• 框限英國電信之市場強制權Constrain BT’s market power by facilitating alternative entry
•
and/or limiting what BT’s retail and wholesale charges. Could potentially be removed if sufficient
competition to BT emerges.
增加消費者保護及基礎建設交互運用之可適量Address consumer protection
issues (E.g. USO, emergency access) and facilitate network interoperability. The need for these
remedies will evolve alongside market and technology changes.
Market failure
Remedy
Current status
BT SMP in retail
voice
Price controls allowed to lapse in July 2006 as
A retail narrowband review will consider
retail competition deemed sufficient. BT
further.
assurances to limit rental increases until end 2007.
BT SMP exchange
lines
BT to provide Wholesale Line Rental (WLR)
A wholesale review will consider need for
existing remedies and regulation in 21CN
BT SMP in call
origination
Limit on what BT can charge other operators for
wholesale call origination (Indirect Access, CPS
and Friaco, call origination charge control)
BT SMP in
termination and
transit
Service availability
Consumer
protection, network
efficiency
Limit on BT charges for termination and transit
services
(Network Charge Control)
Universal service obligations on BT and Kingston
General conditions
A wholesale review to consider need for
existing remedies and regulation in 21CN. In
particular, the potential for origination and
access markets to converge in the NGN
environment.
Review by 2009, examined by NGN project
Review currently not planned, SoS sets USO
Need to review currently considered
40
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
41
日本通訊競爭政策及規制思維之演進
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
Outline of Japanese Telecom Competition Policy 20080310
加強促進競爭
From monopoly
to competition
1997 
1985 
 引進自由市場
原則
Introduction
of market
principles
民營化
Privatization of
NTT--PC
2001 
 NTT再造 Reorganization of NTT
(1999)
 市場進入管制鬆綁Deregulation
of market entry restriction
 取消外人投資規制 Abolition of
foreign investment regulation
(except for NTT and NTT
regional companies)
 建制接連規制Establishment of
interconnection rules
(introduction of LRIC model)
From “ex-ante”
regulation to “expost” regulation
2004 
 加強不對稱性規制
 取消一類二類區分
Strengthening of
Abolition of Type I and
asymmetric
Type II business
regulations
categories
USF機制建立
運價管制鬆綁 Drastic
Establishment of
deregulation of price
USF mechanism
and tariff regulations
 成立事業爭議委員會 建立競爭審議機制
Setting up of
Introduction of
Telecommunications
competition review
Business Dispute
mechanism
Committee
電通時代
互聯網興起
Age of Telephony
Emergence of Internet
檢
討
點
範
移
轉
IP
Further promotion
of competition
Review of Competition Rules corresponding to
transition to full IP-based networks
從獨占到競爭
事前規制改為
事後規制
本
位
之
競
爭
規
範
全面IP本位網路
Transition to Full
IP-based networks
移轉PSTN到IP本位網路 Transition from ＰＳＴＮ to ＩＰ-based networks
透明化程序檢視市場競爭規劃 Review of competition rules through transparent procedures
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
41
The World Economics Society
Dr. Bert J. Lim
競爭環境變遷之政策衝擊Changes in Market Environment and Review政府政策法規之管制革新@2009
of Competition Policy42
競爭環境變遷Changes in competitive environment
(1) Progress of broadband deployment
(2) Development of horizontal market integration
(3) Development of vertical market integration
水平市場整合發展
【Development of horizontal market integration】
垂直市場整合發展
【Development of vertical market integration】
市場結構劇變
從模間競爭到模際競爭
新競爭促進方案2010 “New Competition Promotion Program 2010” (Sep 2006, revised in Oct 2007)
42
Related to a review of a framework of competition rules to address the transition to IP-based
networks,
define a road map for deliberation to be implemented by the early 2010s.
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
日本新規制政策取向Outline of “New Competition Promotion Program 2010”
43
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
Comprehensive Review of Competition Rules to Address the Shift to IP Based Networks
(Comprehensively implemented by early 2010s)
１．促進基礎設施競爭
Promotion to Use Physical Networks Owned by Local Governments etc.
Promotion of Facility Based Competition
Promotion of Diversification of Access Networks（WiMAX etc.）
Review of Dominant Regulations
Introduction of Competition Safeguard System (from FY 2007)
２．檢討交叉接取政策
Review of Interconnection Policy
Comprehensive review of Dominant Regulations
(Implementation will be launched by FY 2010.)
Review of Calculation Method for Interconnection Charges of NTT E&W
Review of Universal Service System
Establishment of Interconnection rules for NGNs (by the end of
FY2007)
Consideration （“feasibility study” in 2007 to be followed by precise
consideration at the Information and Communications Council by the end
of 2008)
４．檢討費率政策
Review of the Price Cap Regulation etc.
３．檢討普及服務系統
Review of Tariff Policy
５．其他重點政策
Promotion of Competition in the Mobile Communication Market
(☞”Mobile Business Vitalization Plan” in September 2007)
Study concerning the Network Neutrality principles （the first SG report in
September 2007, followed by the second report by the end of 2008)
Other Main Policies
Review of Dispute Settlement Functions etc.
43
✔Status of NTT will be concluded following consideration in 2010.
The World Economics
Society
✔Comprehensive legal framework including telecommunications and broadcasting will be concluded
by 2010.
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
44
對市場管控權規制之政策方向 Outline of Dominant Regulations
Applied as one
服務規制 Service
regulations
限制
Restrictions
交叉接取規則
Interconnection
rules
基本設施
Tariff and price (cap) regulation
■Restriction of information usage only for
specified business
■Equal treatment of other companies
■Equal treatment of manufacturers, etc.
■Firewall with specified carriers
Authorization of interconnection tariffs
Notification of interconnection tariffs
Development of interconnection accounts
Telecommunications facilities (fixed)
designated as essential facilities
Telecommunications facilities serving
a relatively larger proportion of subscribers
Facilities without any essentiality although the number of
providers is limited due to availability of frequency
Access lines and related
telecommunications facilities
Criteria
■Restriction of information usage only for
specified business
■ Equal treatment of other companies
■ Equal treatment of manufacturers, etc.
Rules for interconnection tariffs (e.g. LRIC)
Facilities
評準基點
Applied as necessary in case of exceeding
25% of the above weight returns
Access lines with more than 50% share
(designated on a prefectural basis)
NTT East and West
第一類設施(固網)
Type
I designated facilities (fixed)
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS
RESERVED
Base station lines and related mobile
telecommunications facilities
Access lines with more than 25% of share
(designated on a business area basis)
NTT DoCoMo etc.
第二類設施(動網)
Type II designated facilities（mobile)
44
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
45
審議位址規制之政策方向 Basic Directions for Reviewing Dominant Regulations
Service
regulations
＋
瓶頸
bottleneck
Share of
access
lines
Identify the market having
possibility to abuse market
dominance* (vertically and
Essential
facility
horizontally)
Market dominance
市
場
強
制
地
位
Interconnection related
regulations to open
up bottleneck facilities
Conduct restrictions
Identify submarkets
(converged markets) * (Focus to
be shed mainly on the horizontal
equivalent competition)
Caused by Market share
其他市場強制權 oligopolistic+ α*
Other market
market
dominance
environment
Identify the market having
possibility to abuse market
control power* (vertically
and horizontally)
Notification of
tariff
for interconnection
Conduct restrictions
Add these concepts
○ Leverage of market dominance on relevant
markets
○ Possibilities of collective dominance in
collaboration with allied companies
indicates
the possibility
Dr. Bert *mark
J. Lim 2009@ALL
RIGHTS
RESERVED
to take advantage of competition review mechanism.
45
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
臺灣現象應有的
規制創新
46
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
臺灣數位匯流：三網合一 vs 四網合一
態勢
三
網
四 合
網 一
Triple
合 Play
一
Quadra
Play
類型
電信 Telecom
有線電視Cable TV
互聯網 InterNet
無線科技Wireless Tec
進場門檻
一類40億元
2億元
主管/監理機關
[交通部]
[新聞局→NCC]
二類 ISP
[交通部]
一類40億元
[交通部]
中華電信寡頭壟斷─頻寬供給（2G~60G）+互聯類障礙 [HiNet - ADSL]
Cable TV =交通部可發照 +[黨政軍退出]規制
=第四台 / 51區 400家→ 62家 [5家 MS multiple system operating]
ISP = Internet services providers
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
47
The World Economics Society
臺灣數位匯流的產業規制前景
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
G
政府驅動
Law
M
市場驅動
Market power
T
科技驅動
Spec─ Standard- System
48
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
最具關鍵的統理思維與規制模式
基礎設施
infrastructure
裝備工具中間品
apparatus, utensil,
instrument
要
素
投
入
自然獨占
上游
中
間
膨
脹
開
放
nature monopoly
管控配置
高效競爭
Effective competition
營運
服務模式
services
遞
送
出
口
下游
賣方寡占
Oligopoly
49
資料來源：林建山博士研究結果之整理
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
NGN規制之政策意涵
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
Regulatory implications of NGN
Security
Regulation of
“Plain Old Telephone
Service (POTS) ”
Numbering
Consumer
protection
Interconnection
Privacy
Quality of
Service
Emergency
Access
Interconnection
Competition
NGN規制之三大核心議題
“Next Generation” Core Regulatory issues
Competition (level-playing field),
Interconnection
•Consumer (QOS, privacy,
emergency access)
•Security & legal interception
Scope for light-touch regulation
50
Source: ASTAP05_WS.IP&NGN-2009
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
對數位匯流法制再造的建議
•數位匯流帶動行業職業的整併重編組與析離衍
生，是經濟社會創新演進的必然，政府規制的
準據應該超越現有行職業分類典的區劃，才能
作出宏遠前瞻施政。
•知識科技與知識經濟必然存在的「自然獨占」，
多數是良性的，有利於國民福祉，也有利於國
家競爭力的提升，謬錯的阻障、切割與框束，
所可以肇致的社會成本與財務成本更大，先進
國家也無一不肅正審慎面對之。
•面對數位匯流之發展，宜以「加強社會規制」
嚴格社會介面的安全秩序事項，而以「簡縮經
濟規制」策略，減少在量價質時方面，作過度
失當的干預。
51
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
for Your Attention
w.w.w.wes-ngo.org
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
5
2
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
Floor
Discussion
Instructor
Dr.
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS
RESERVEDBert
J. Lim
53
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
Speaker
Dr. Bert J. Lim
林建山
博士
Backgrounder
講座教授： 林建山 博士
DR. BERT J. LIM, PhD in Economics Management
Professor and President
財團法人環球經濟社社長兼公共政策研究所所長
THE WORLD ECONOMICS SOCIETY
The Think Tank for Policy Study since 1974
23 Lane 50, Tun-Hwa North Road,
Taipei, 10552, Taiwan ROC
Tel: ＋886-2-87738878
Fax: ＋886-2-87734855
Domain: http://www.wes-ngo.org
E-Mail: [email protected]
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
54
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
林建山
博士 簡歷
Dr. Bert J. Lim, PhD in Economics Management
美國馬里蘭大學公共政策學碩士
美國拉撒勒大學經濟管理學博士
英國牛津大學國際政策學人
專長:應用經濟學、知識經濟學
我國首位榮膺美國國務院韓福瑞獎金得主
第二次能源危機期間經濟部外銷服務團團長
臺灣傅爾布萊特學友會理事
環球經濟社社長兼公共政策研究所所長
教授課程：經濟環境與政策分析、人力開發與機制設計、專
案經濟學、世界經濟專題、公共政策與事業策略
抉擇、創新與變革、服務經濟理論、競爭力理論
55
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
獨立研究法人‧承受專案委託
財團法人環球經濟研究基金會
環球經濟社創設於1974年，位列臺灣三大學術研究機構，以公共政策為基石，進行經濟、
管理、法制、投資、環境資源及產業等科技整合的專業財經研究法人，目前擁有專職專業研
究人員二十五人，博士七人，碩士九人等，長期提供專業研究、分析、規劃、評估、諮詢建
議及顧問等服務。執行及參贊專案規畫七百餘件，委辦單位逾三千五百五十餘家，成功扮演
經濟總顧問及財務總顧問角色。
WES, a top think tank for policy study on Taiwan since 1974, is specialist economics research and
general consultancy with more than 30 professional faculties providing the following services:
公共政策研究所(LIPPS)
專案經濟學研究所(IPES)
Lim Institute for Public Policy Study
Institute for Project Economics Study
國際經濟研究所(GDI)
產業暨企業經濟研究所(IBI)
Global Development Institute
Industry and Business Institute
1.General Financial Consulting
5.BOT, ISA & PFI Programming
2.Public Policy CBA Project
3.Public Investment Feasibility Study
4.KE Modules Programming
6.Human Capital policy
7.Research and Planning Project
8.VC Strategy and Zoning Plan
THE WORLD ECONOMICS SOCIETY
THE THINK TANK FOR POLICY STUDY SINCE 1974
臺北市敦化北路50巷23號
23 Lane 50, Tun-Hwa North Road, Taipei, 10552, TAIWAN ROC
Tel:
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
+886-2-87738878
Fax:
+886-2-87734855
Domain: http: //www.wes-ngo.org
E-Mail: [email protected]
56
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
林建山博士Dr. Bert J. Lim 【1949-
】
Tel: +886-2-87738878 Fax: +886-2-87734855 E-mail: [email protected]
林建山（DR. BERT J. LIM），臺灣花蓮人，民國三十八（1949）年生，經濟管理學哲學博士（PhD
in Economics Management），現任我國三大財經智庫財團法人環球經濟社社長兼公共政策研究所所長，
是活躍於國內外的知名經濟學者，專注於公共政策與國際事務，美國聯邦政府韓福瑞獎金中華民國首位
得主，美國聯邦智庫經濟評議會（The Conference Board）亞太經濟預測工作委員、中國傅爾布萊特學友
會及美國馬利蘭大學在臺校友會理事、蘇聯遠東基金會臺灣地區秘書長，並任教政治大學、輔仁大學、
文化大學商學院國際貿易學系主任，國立臺北大學籌備處專任顧問，加拿大公立皇家大學(RRU, Royal
Roads University) 教授，澳大利亞國立大學(ANU)應用經濟學教授，歷年講授課程有研究方法、經濟預測、
政府與政策、創新管理與組織創新、民間化與民間參與、市場分析、全球化議題管理、國際經濟學、應
用經濟學、產業政策、競爭研究、危機管理等，並長期從事專案經濟學、公共建設效益評估、財務規劃
與BOT政策、民營化政策、勞動經濟學、永續發展政策及相關公共決策規劃研究工作。
林建山博士早年實際參與美國聯邦政府保健總署NIH新建專案規畫管理工作，旋任經濟部外銷服務團
團長（1981），環保署環境評估常任審查委員、勞委會職訓諮詢委員、國科會科學工業園區選址甄審委
員、交通部方案財務顧問、僑委會華僑經濟發展委員會委員、外交部國際合作基金經濟發展研究班主任、
國防部福利總處諮詢委員、經濟部國貿局與中小企業處顧問及多項政府部會顧問小組委員、全國工業總
會顧問、國營事業董事、人壽保險公司常務董事、中華民國勞資關係協進會、環境管理學會、多國企業
研究學會、行銷學會理監事及秘書長、行政院民營化政策指導小組工作委員、行政院施政品質評鑑委員、
行政院人力評鑑小組委員、2001年APEC政策論壇科技議題主席、國家科技計畫土木領域學門審查委員，
對政府與民間財經決策參贊甚力且深入。他於開發中國家政府關係良篤，協助其經濟發展政策規畫並畀
任多項顧問、諮詢委員，經常赴國際集會專題演講與研究，巡迴講學於東南亞、北美、中南美及西非地
區。著作有「知識經濟學」「商情預測」「產業政策與產業管理」「現代服務業行銷學」「臺灣企業原
理」「永續政策經濟學」「讓市場真正市場化」等二十一種，獲有國家人力創新傑出學人獎等十餘項榮
譽與獎項，並經常著文評論時政議題，文章散見報章雜誌。
林建山博士現與妻徐嘉意女士、女林嗣園小姐定居臺北市。他熱愛晨跑運動，風雨不輟逾三十年，
同時也是一位出色的業餘書法家與現代詩人（筆名余素）。
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
57
The World Economics Society
政府政策法規之管制革新@2009 Dr. Bert J. Lim
Vita
DR. BERT J. LIM 【1949 -
】
Tel: +886-2-87738878 Fax: +886-2-87734855 E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Bert J. Lim is as an eminent scholar, mentor and professionalist in applied economics and public
policy study. He was born in eastern Taiwan in 1949. Reading up on public policy management at
the University of Maryland on College Park and international policy study at the Oxford University, he
then received his doctorate in Economics Management from LaSalle University, USA. As a professor
of Economics and Policy with a focus on international issues and public affairs , Dr. Lim has been
lecturing for about two decades at universities in Taiwan. He serves concurrently as a professor and
president of the World Economics Society － the top think tank for policy study on Taiwan since
1974.
In the last decades, he worked with government agencies in different capacities as a director general,
a special consultant, a chief counselor, a senior advisor, or a shepherd on national project. He
chaired APEC Issue Four in 2001 Science & Technology Forum and had been the speaker to the
last world congress ITS. Currently he shepherds the government program to develop national
intelligent transportation infrastructure, NITI and is still an inspirational mentor and counselor to
Taiwan's national federations of industries and leading business consortia.
Having done extensive researches and traveling in the continents, Dr. Lim is an appointed Fellow of
National Foresight Program Into 21st Century. He has won more than a dozen honors and awards,
and is the author of 16 books such as Project Economics, Economics for Regulation: Principles on Public
Decision Making, Public Policy and Business Strategies Choices, Industrial Policy: Concepts and Issues in
Taiwan, Business Forecasting, Searching for Economic Vitalization of the Nation, Business: Facts and Principles
of Taiwan's Experience, Modern Services Marketing, Industrial Marketing, Global Marketing Strategies, National
ITS Developing Planning and Make Market Marketable: Approaches to Privatization.
As a prolific writer and commentator, Dr. Lim joins editorial boards and committees of various
newspapers and journals. He also hosted economic policy programs for Taiwan's major televisions.
Dr. Lim lives with his wife Que-Eng and daughter Suan in Taipei, Taiwan. He is a fair Chinese
calligrapher and modern poet. He enjoys daily morning jogging for more than thirty years.
58
Dr. Bert J. Lim 2009@ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
The World Economics Society