Transcript TCP and IP Protocolx

TCP/IP Protocol
TCP =Transmission Control Protocol
IP = Internet Protocol
Protocols
 Systems communicate using a protocol, or a language.
 Protocols are sometimes called a “handshake”
 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol) is the basic communication language or
protocol of the Internet.
 The following protocols require TCP/IP to function:
 HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
 SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (for sending mail)
 POP – Post Office Protocol (for downloading mail)
 IMAP – Internet Access Message Protocol
 FTP – File Transfer Protocol (transferring files between
computers)
TCP protocol fragments data into smaller IP
datagrams (packets)
 TCP enables data to be split into smaller IP
datagrams - small packets of data which can be reassembled at the receiving end.
 TCP ensures the IP datagrams are re-assembled in
the right order and ensures the process is
completed
IP Datagrams
TCP enables
networking
IP protocol routes the IP datagrams
 IP software moves the packets across the network
 Smaller packets (IP Datagrams) move between nodes
(routers, servers and dedicated machines)
 The datagrams/packets are re-assembled at the
receiving end by the TCP software the correct order
and any mistakes are corrected
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
1.
Your computer 'talks' to other computers connected to the Internet via the
TCP/IP protocol stack built into the computer's operating system
2. Datagrams move down through the TCP layer to the IP layer where it receives
it's destination IP address. The ISP (Internet Service Provider) router
examines the destination address to know where to send it.
3. At the destination, the packets now go upwards through the stack.
4. When the data reaches the top of the stack, the packets have been re-
assembled into their original form
HIGHEST LAYER
Applications protocols
layer (http, smtp, pop,
ftp, https, etc)
LOWEST LAYER
Link or Hardware
layer: converts binary
data between network
signals
Internet Layer IP
directs packets
to specific
computer using IP
address
Transport/
TCP Layer –
directs
packets via
port no. to
specific
application
TCP/IP Protocol Stack
Summary
 TCP breaks data into smaller packets or IP datagrams
 IP ensure the IP datagrams are routed and reach their
destination
Links to short video clips
 Networking: what is TCP/IP?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NePWnrqUMZ8
 How TCP/IP Works?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBqD3D7LE3c
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGZ0Cao_o_E&
feature=related (ip4 ipv6)
2. How the TCP/IP Protocol works (link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOaIqQAeaik&f
eature=related)
3. How the internet workshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_LPdttKXPc&f
eature=related
Step by Step in more detail
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Say you wanted to send a message to another
computer
The message would start at the top of the protocol
stack on your computer and work it's way downward
On the Internet, these chunks of data are known as
packets.
After going through the TCP layer, the packets
proceed to the IP layer. This is where each packet
receives it's destination address - IP address
The ISP has a direct connection to the Internet. The
ISPs router examines the destination address in each
packet and determines where to send it.
As the packets go upwards through the stack, all
routing data that the sending computer's stack added
(such as IP address and port number) is stripped from
the packets.
When the data reaches the top of the stack, the
packets have been re-assembled into their original
form