Transcript Medical Informatics (A)

Medical Imaging
Lection 3
Basic Questions
Imaging in Medical Sciences
Transmission Imaging
PACS and DICOM
1. Imaging in Medical Sciences
A Multidisciplinary Field
Medical Imaging and Image Analysis
Medical Imaging Modalities
Medical Imaging Information
Scheme of image processing
Paradigms of medical image
processing
2. Transmission Imaging
Medical Imaging Thru Transmission
Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation and
Imaging
X-ray Imaging and Radiography
CT imaging – in the past and current
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Nuclear Medicine Imaging
Optical Imaging
Emerging Technologies
3. PACS and DICOM
Picture archiving and communication
system
Digital Imaging and Communications in
Medicine
Picture archiving and
communication system
In medical imaging, picture archiving
and communication systems (PACS)
are computers or networks dedicated to
the storage, retrieval, distribution and
presentation of images.
The most common format for image
storage is DICOM (Digital Imaging and
Communications in Medicine).
Picture archiving and
communication system uses
PACS replaces hard-copy based means of
managing medical images, such as film archives.
It expands on the possibilities of such conventional
systems by providing capabilities of off-site viewing
and reporting (distance education,
telediagnosis).
Additionally, it enables practitioners at various
physical locations to access the same information
simultaneously.
provide a single point of access for images and
their associated data. It should also interface with
existing hospital information systems (HIS)
Picture archiving and
communication system architecture
Typically a PACS network consists of:
a central server that stores a database containing the
images connected to one or more clients via a LAN or a
WAN which provide or utilize the images.
Web-based Picture archiving and communication system is
becoming more and more common: these systems utilize
the Internet as their means of communication, usually via
VPN (Virtual Private Network) or SSL (Secure Sockets
Layer). The software (thin or smart client) is loaded via
ActiveX, Java, or .NET Framework.
Client workstations can use local peripherals for scanning
image films into the system, printing image films from the
system and interactive display of digital images.
PACS aim
PACS purpose
PACS examples
Digital Imaging and
Communications in Medicine
It is a standard for handling, storing,
printing, and transmitting information in
medical imaging.
It includes a file format definition and a
network communications protocol.
The communication protocol is an application
protocol that uses TCP/IP to communicate
between systems.
DICOM files can be exchanged between two
entities that are capable of receiving image
and patient data in DICOM format.
DICOM
The National Electrical Manufacturers
Association (NEMA) holds the copyright to
this standard.
DICOM enables the integration of scanners,
servers, workstations, printers, and
network hardware from multiple
manufacturers into a PACS.
The different devices come with DICOM
conformance statements which clearly state
the DICOM classes they support.
DICOM
DICOM differs from other data formats in that it
groups information into data sets. That means that
a file of an X-Ray of a chest actually contains the
patient ID within the file, so that the image can
never be separated from this information by
mistake.
A DICOM data object consists of a number of
attributes, including items such as name, ID, etc.,
and also one special attribute containing the
image pixel data (i.e. logically, the main object has
no "header" as such - merely a list of attributes,
including the pixel data).
DICOM
http://www.mccauslandc
enter.sc.edu/mricro/dico
m/index.html
DICOM
http://www.mccauslandcenter.sc
.edu/mricro/dicom/index.html
DICOM
http://www.mccauslandcenter.sc
.edu/mricro/dicom/index.html
The End