Transcript UDP
Transport Protocols Relates to Lab 5. An overview of the transport protocols of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Also, a short discussion of UDP. 1 Orientation • We move one layer up and look at the transport layer. User Process User Process User Process TCP User Process Application Layer UDP Transport Layer ICMP IP IGMP Network Layer ARP Hardware Interface RARP Link Layer Media 2 Orientation • Transport layer protocols are end-to-end protocols • They are only implemented at the hosts HOST HOST Application Application Transport Transport Network Data Link Network Data Link Network Data Link Data Link 3 Transport Protocols in the Internet • The Internet supports 2 transport protocols • • • • • • UDP - User Datagram Protocol datagram oriented unreliable, connectionless simple unicast and multicast useful only for few applications, e.g., multimedia applications used a lot for services – network management (SNMP), routing (RIP), naming (DNS), etc. • • • • • • • TCP - Transmission Control Protocol stream oriented buffered transfer connection-oriented, full duplex reliable complex only unicast used for most Internet applications: – web (http), email (smtp), file transfer (ftp), terminal (telnet), etc. 4 Port Numbers • UDP (and TCP) use port numbers to identify applications • A globally unique address at the transport layer (for both UDP and TCP) is a tuple <IP address, port number> • There are 65,535 UDP ports per host. User Process User Process User Process TCP User Process User Process UDP IP User Process Demultiplex based on port number Demultiplex based on Protocol field in IP header 5 UDP - User Datagram Protocol • UDP supports unreliable transmissions of datagrams • UDP merely extends the host-to-to-host delivery service of IP datagram to an application-to-application service • The only thing that UDP adds is multiplexing and demultiplexing Applications Applications UDP UDP IP IP IP IP IP 6 UDP Format IP header UDP header 20 bytes UDP data 8 bytes Source Port Number Destination Port Number UDP message length Checksum DATA 0 15 16 31 • Port numbers identify sending and receiving applications (processes). Maximum port number is 216-1= 65,535 • Message Length is at least 8 bytes (i.e., Data field can be empty) and at most 65,535 7 UDP Checksum • • • UDP checksum computation is optional for IPv4. If a checksum is not used it should be set to the value zero. The UDP checksum is calculated using a UDP-pseudo header, and UDP packet consisting of UDP header and the UDP data. The UDP pseudo header contains the source IP-address, the destination IP-address, the protocol identifier (UDP in this case), and UDP datagram length taken from UDP header. – IP Source address – IP Destination address – Protocol Type: UDP in this case – 17 (0x11) – UDP length – header and data 8