Transcript Computer Networks

CT 1505
Recent Developments in Networks
Instructor: Dr. Najla Al-Nabhan
Feb, 2015
Course Overview
Course Title: Recent Developments
in Networks
Course Code: CT 1505
Course Level: Fifth
Course Co-requisite: CT1505
Lecture Time: Sunday 9:00 am12:00 pm
Credit Hours: 3(3+ 0)
Course Instructor
Name
Dr. Najla
Al-Nabhan
Rank
Assistant
Professor
Office
Number and
Location
Office #: 321
2nd Flour,
Bldg 1,
Olishah
Campus,
KSU
Office Hours
Email
Address
Sunday 12-3
Monday12-1
nalnabhan@
KSU.EDU.SA
Course Website:
http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/nalnabhan/course/82353
Course Syllabus
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Aimed to impart
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Facts of network technologies developments (historical
background)
New and old network technologies;
Recent advanced network technologies;
Recent advancements indicators;
Life cycle of networking standards;
Future expectations;
User acceptance factors to recent developments;
Evaluation of recent applications.
Grading Overview
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Homework Assignments: 10%
Quizzes: 15%
Class Participation: 5%
Mid-terms: 30%
Final Exam: 40%
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One Quiz and/or tutorial per week, schedule will be announced soon
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Course Textbook and References
Main Course Reference:
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Lectures & Assignments (reading, videos, homework)
Discussion Groups, Tutorials, Problem Solving, Debates, etc.
Selected papers and book chapters.
Additional Resources:
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Text Book: Jim Kurose and Ross “Internetworking: A top-down
Approach”
Technical reports and videos.
Lecture 1: Facts of network technologies
developments
(A historical background)
Computer Networks
Computer networks? A group of interconnected computers
-Represent a logical Result of the evolution of two of the most important
scientific and technical branches of modern civilization – Computing and
Telecommunications technologies.
From Batch Processing Toward Time-Sharing
Queuing
Theory
1957
1. Centralized system based on mainframe
2. Multi-terminal System
3. Time sharing
The Necessity: Time and Resource Sharing
“Time sharing tried to make it possible for research institutions to
use the processing power of other institutions computers when
they had large calculations to do that required more power, or
when someone else's facility might do the job better”
Networking History
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Origins of Internet are hazy, visit www.nethistory.info for interesting
reading
Vint Cerf: “Internet Father “
Related Definitions and terminologies
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The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer
networks that use the standard Internet protocol
suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide.
Packet switching is a digital networking communications
method that groups all transmitted data – regardless of
content, type, or structure – into suitably sized blocks,
called packets.
The Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network (ARPANET) is one of the world's first packet
switching networks, the first network to implement TCP/IP,
and was the main progenitor of what was to become the
global Internet. (later DARPA)
Related Definitions and Concepts
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ARBA network was initially funded by the Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA, later DARPA) within the U.S.
Department of Defense for use by its projects at universities
and research laboratories in the US.
The packet switching of the ARPANET, together with
TCP/IP, would form the backbone of how the Internet
works.
The ARPANET
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Growth of the ARPANET (a) December 1969. (b) July 1970.
(c) March 1971. (d) April 1972. (e) September 1972.
Related Definitions and Concepts
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The packet switching was based on concepts and designs by:
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American engineer Paul Baran, scientist Donald Davies and
Lawrence Roberts of the Lincoln Laboratory.
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The TCP/IP communication protocols were developed for
ARPANET by computer scientists Bob Kahn and Vint
Cerf, and also incorporated some designs from Louis
Pouzin.
Networking History
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1961: Kleinrock - queuing theory shows effectiveness of packet-switching
1964: Baran -packet-switching in military applications for survivable
networks
1967: ARPAnet conceived by Advanced Research Projects Agency
1969: First ARPAnet node operational
 Prof. Kleinrock sends a message across from UCLA to Stanford
1972:
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ARPAnet demonstrated publicly
NCP (Network Control Protocol) first host-host protocol
First e-mail program
ARPAnet has 15 nodes
Networking History...
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1970: ALOHAnet satellite network in Hawaii (CSMA
developed), later connects to ARPANet
1973: Bob Metcalfe’s PhD thesis proposes Ethernet
(CSMA/CD developed)
1974: Cerf and Kahn - architecture for interconnecting
networks: the word “Internet” makes its appearance from
Cerf’s writings
Networking History...
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Time sharing became difficult since different machines
had different operating systems, versions and programs.
However, these led to development of Internet
Reference Models
Vinton Cerf. Bob Kahn, and (…….) developed TCP/IP
Cerf and Kahn’s internetworking principles:
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simplicity, autonomy - no internal changes required to
interconnect networks
best effort service model
stateless routers
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decentralized control define today’s Internet architecture
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Networking History...
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1978: TCP/IP v4 was released
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Aimed to interconnect different kinds of networks
1979: ARPAnet has 200 nodes
1983: deployment of TCP/IP in ARPAnet
1983: SMTP e-mail protocol defined
1983: DNS defined for name-to-IP-address translation
1985: FTP protocol defined
1988: TCP congestion control
100,000 hosts connected to confederation of networks
Networking History...
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Early 1990s: WWW
 Hypertext
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HTTP: Tim Berners-Lee develops WWW an Internet based hypermedia
initiative, and specifies URLs, HTTP and HTML which became basis for today’s
WWW
 1994: Mosaic (Univ. of Illinois), later Netscape the major browsers until late
1990’s
 late 1990’s: commercialization of the WWW, with introduction of HTTPS ecommerce is realized
Late 1990’s:
 50 million computers on Internet
 100 million+ users
 backbone links running at 1 Gbps
Hosts on the Web
Internet Users: By language
Internet Content: By language
Questions
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Which appeared earlier than the other: WANs or LANs?
Why?
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Reference:
http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/83/EHEP0009/EH
EP000983.pdf
Summaries this video in Arabic and English
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hIQjrMHTv4