Transcript Introduction - Ar

Mark Burgess
Principle of Network & System
Administrator, 2nd Edition
Chapter 1: Introduction
Principles of Network & System
Administration
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What is network & system
administration
• A branch of engineering that concern the operational
management of human-computer systems.
• Its address both technology of computer systems and the
user of technology.
• Also about putting together a network of computer
(Workstation,PCs and Super Computer). Getting &
putting them running in spite of activities of user who
tend to cause the system fail.
• System administrators work for use and can use the
system to produce their work. They also should not just
cater for one or two selfish need but work for the benefit
of whole community
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Administration
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What is network & system
administration
• In future, improvement of technology might render
system administration become easy.
• Today system administration its not just do administrative
job but it can become extremely demanding engineer jobs
• System administrators jobs about hardware, software,
user support, diagnosis repair and prevention.
• Need to know bit of skills , ie : technical, administrative
and socio-psychological
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Administration
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What is network & system
administration
• Term “network administration & system administration”
exist separately and use both variously and inconsistently
by industry and academics.
• System administration term used traditionally by
mainframe and unix engineer to describe the
management of computers whether they are coupled by
network or not.
• In the community, Network administration mean the
management of network infrastructure devices (routers
and Switches).
• In the community also, system administration mean the
management of PCs in a network.
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Administration
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Applying Technology in an
Environment
• Task of Network & System Administration is to build
hardware configuration and software system
configuration.
• Hardware requires power, a temperature (usually indoor)
climate, and conformance to basic standards in order to
work systematically.
• Software requires hardware, basic OS infrastructure and
conformance to certain standards but not limit by
physical concern as long it has hardware to run
• Modern software need to inter-operate and survive the
possible hostilities and incompatible or in hospitable
competitors
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Administration
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Applying Technology in an
Environment
• Applying technology in such environment for purpose
(running a business or practice) and that purpose guide
our action and decision.
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Administration
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Human Role in System
• The task of system administration is a balancing act.
• Requires patience, understanding, knowledge and
experience.
• Work with limited resources, inventive in crisis, know a
lot of fact and figures about computer works.
• Computing systems require the best of organizational
skill and professional of attitude.
• Start being as system administration, you need to know
your many fact and build confidence through experience
and know your limitation in order to avoid careless
mistakes.
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Administration
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Ethical Issues
• There are some ethical issue to be consider in their
administration because of computer system.
– Maximizing productivity or maximizing the cost.
– Policy for use and management of computer and their users.
– To protect the right of individual.
• A system administrator have many responsibilities and constraint to
consider.
– Must be the greater network community
– Must be greater than to the user of our system
• Administrator make user lives bearable ad to empower them in the
production of real work.
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Administration
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Is System Administration a
discipline ?
• System administration is lacking in systematic body of
experimental data which would give its rules and
principles an empirical rigor
• An academic concern to be a good SA, a certain amount
of dedication is required with both theoretical and
practical.
• SA is a career in engineering.
– Appreciable market for consulting service and security
and automation of system administrative task.
– Not only fascinating and varied line but also can be
lucrative
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Administration
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The Challenges of system
administration
• System administration is about planning and designing an efficient
community of computers so that real user will be able to get their job
done.
– Designing a network which is logical and efficient
– Deploy large number of machines which can easy to upgrade
– Deciding what services are needed
– Planning and implementing adequate security
– Providing comfortable environment for user
– Developing ways of fixing errors and problem which occur
– Keeping track of and understanding how to use the enormous
amount of knowledge which increases every year.
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Administration
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The Challenges of system
administration
• System administrator also responsible for both hardware of the
network and the computers which it connects. ( cable and computers)
• Also understanding of how data flow from machine to machine and
how machine affect each others
• There are three issues of internationalization, or tailoring the
input/output hardware and software to local languages : – Choice of keyboard, eg Thai, British, German,etc
– Font : Roman, Cyrilic, Greek, Persian, etc
– Translation of program text message.
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Administration
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Common & Good Practice
• Its Common to speak of “best practice” in
system administration world.
• What sense is a best practice, who and when and
how to evaluate it ?
• The good ideas is to see what others have done in
the past but history has no automatic authority.
• 3 reason why idea catch on and every one does it
:-
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Administration
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Common & Good Practice
– Someone did once – the idea was copied without thinking and no
one has about it.
– Expert have thought a lot about it and it really is the best
solution.
– An arbitraty choice had to be made and now it’s a matter
convention.
• Common practice …….
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Administration
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Bug & Emergent Phenomena
• Operating systems & program are full of bugs and emergent features
that were not planned and designed for.
• Tolerate with bugs is a matter of survival for system administrator
• After work around with this bugs. SA may come from:– Poor quality control in software or procedure
– Problem in operating systems and their subsystems
– Unfortunate clashes between incompatible software. Eg:
software package interfere with the operation of another.
– Inexplicable phenomena, cosmic rays, viruses and other attacks
• SA must be prepared to work around this uncertainties, no matter
what reason for their existence .
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Administration
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The Meta Principle of System
Administration
• Policy is foundation – system administration begins with
a policy – a decision about what we want and what
should be, in relation to what can effort
• Predictability – the highest level aim in system
administration is to work towards a predictable system.
Predictability has limits. It is the basis of reliability, hence
trust and therefore security.
• scalability – scalable systems are those that grow in
accordance with policy. Eg: they continue to function
predictably, even as they increase in size.
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Administration
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