Transcript 6420A_03

Module 3: Configuring
Basic TCP/IPv4 Settings
Module 3: Configuring Basic TCP/IPv4 Settings
• Overview of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite
• Overview of TCP/IP Addressing
• Name Resolution
• Dynamic IP Addressing
• TCP/IPv4 Tools
Lesson 1: Overview of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite
• TCP/IP Architecture
• How the TCP/IP Model Relates to the OSI Model
• Transport Layer Protocols
• Common Application Layer Protocols
• What Is an RFC?
TCP/IP Architecture
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Application
HTTP
FTP
Transport
Internet
Network
Interface
SMTP
TCP
ARP
IPv4
Ethernet
DNS
POP3
SNMP
UDP
IGMP
IPv6
ICMP
Token
Ring
Frame
Relay
ATM
How the TCP/IP Model Relates to the OSI Model
OSI
TCP/IP
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
SNMP
POP3
DNS
SMTP
Application
FTP
Presentation
HTTP
Application
Session
Transport
Transport
Network
Internet
Data-Link
Physical
Network
Interface
TCP
ARP
UDP
IPv4
Ethernet
IGMP
ICMP
Token
Ring
IPv6
Frame
Relay
ATM
Transport Layer Protocols
TCP:
• Connection oriented
• Reliable
UDP:
• Connectionless
• Unreliable
Common Application Layer Protocols
Some common application layer protocols are:
• HTTP/HTTPS
• RPC over HTTP
• FTP
• RDP
• SMB
• SMTP
• POP3
What Is an RFC?
A Request for Comments (RFC) is description of network
functionality
Status levels:
Maturity levels:
•Required
•Proposed standard
•Recommended
•Draft standard
•Elective
•Internet standard
•Limited use
•Not recommended
Lesson 2: Overview of TCP/IP Addressing
• The Components of an IP Address
• What Is a Subnet Mask?
• What Is a Default Gateway?
• What Is DNS?
• Demonstration: Configuring a Static IP Address
The Components of an IP Address
IP Address
192.168.2.180
IP Address
192.168.2.181
IP Address
192.168.2.182
IP Address
192.168.1.181
IP Address
192.168.1.180
IP Address
192.168.1.182
What Is a Subnet Mask?
IP address
Subnet mask
Network ID
192
168
44
32
w
x
y
z
255
255
255
0
w
x
y
z
192
168
44
0
w
x
y
z
What Is a Default Gateway?
The default gateway:
• Is used to route packets to other networks
• Is used when the internal routing table on the host has no
information about the destination subnet
Use DHCP to deliver all IP Settings, including the default
gateway, to client computers
What Is DNS?
DNS is used to:
• Resolve host names to IP addresses
• Locate domain controllers and global catalog servers
• Used to resolve IP addresses to host names
• Used to locate mail servers during e-mail delivery
Demonstration: Configuring a Static IP Address
In this demonstration, you will see how to configure a static
IPv4 address
Lesson 3: Name Resolution
• Types of Names that Computers Use
• What Are DNS Zones and Records?
• How Internet DNS Names are Resolved
• Host Name Resolution Process
• Demonstration: Configuring Host Name Resolution
• What Is WINS?
• NetBIOS Name Resolution Process
Types of Names That Computers Use
Name
Description
Up to 255 characters in length
Can contain alphabetic and
numeric characters, periods, and
hyphens
Host names
Part of FQDN
Represent a single computer or
group of computers
15 characters used for the name
16th character identifies service
NetBIOS names
Flat namespace
What Are DNS Zones and Records?
A DNS zone is a specific portion of DNS namespace
that can contain DNS records
Records in forward lookup zones include:
•A
• SRV
• MX
• CNAME
Records in reverse lookup zones include:
• PTR
How Internet DNS Names are Resolved
Microsoft.com
DNS Server
.com DNS Server
What is the IP
address of
www.microsoft.com?
Root DNS Server
Local DNS Server
207.46.230.219
Workstation
Host Name Resolution Process
1
Local Host
Name
7
Lmhosts
File
DNS Resolver
2 Cache
6
3
Broadcast
DNS
Server
5
4
NetBIOS Name
Cache
WINS
Server
Demonstration: Configuring Host Name
Resolution
In this demonstration, you will see how to configure host
name resolution
What Is WINS?
NetBIOS Name
Registration
Query
?
OK
Payroll
WINS Server
1
Queries a WINS server
2
Determines whether name is in use
3
If not in use, then registers the NetBIOS name
and associated IP address
NetBIOS Name Resolution Process
7
DNS Server
6
DNS Resolver
Cache
NetBIOS
1 Name Cache
Local Host
5 Name
2
WINS
Server
3
Broadcast
4
Lmhosts
File
Lesson 4: Dynamic IP Addressing
• What Is DHCP?
• DHCP Address Renewal
• DHCP Configuration Options
• What Is Alternate Configuration?
• What s Automatic Private IP Addressing?
• Demonstration: Configuring Dynamic IP Addressing
What Is DHCP?
Non-DHCP Client
DHCP Client
IP Address1
IP Address2
IP Address1
IP Address2
IP Address3
.
.
.
DHCP Client
IP AddressN
DHCP Server
DHCP Database
DHCP Address Renewal
1
DHCP
Server
DHCPREQUEST
(Unicast)
Lease-Holding
DHCP Server
Non-DHCP
Server
1
2
DHCP
Client
2
3
DHCPREQUEST
(Broadcast)
3
DHCPACK
DHCP
Servers
DHCP Configuration Options
DHCP configuration options include:
• Creating scopes
• Start and end IP addresses
• Subnet mask
• Lease duration
• Router
• DNS server
• Exclusions
• Reservations
What Is Alternate Configuration?
DHCP client without
an IP address attempts
to locate DHCP Server
Server found?
Yes
DHCP server assigns
address to client
No
No
APIPA configured
and enabled?
UserYes
configured
alternate configuration
specified?
No
Yes
APIPA address is
assigned
User-configured IP
address is assigned
User-configured IP
address is not
assigned
What Is Automatic Private IP Addressing?
Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA):
• Is used if a DHCP server cannot be contacted
• Assigns IP addresses on the 169.254.0.0/16 network
• Cannot be used with:
• Active Directory
• Internet connectivity
• Multiple subnets
• DNS or WINS servers
Demonstration: Configuring Dynamic IP
Addressing
In this demonstration, you will you will see how to configure
dynamic IP addressing
Lesson 5: TCP/IPv4 Tools
• What Is IPConfig?
• What Is NETStat?
• What Is NBTStat?
• What Is Netsh?
• Demonstration: Using TCP/IPv4 Tools
What Is IPConfig?
IPConfig is used to display IP configuration information and
control the DNS resolver cache
Option
/all
Description
Displays all IP address configuration
information
/release
Releases a dynamic IPv4 address lease
/renew
Renews a dynamic IPv4 address lease
/flushdns
/registerdns
/displaydns
Purges the DNS resolver cache
Refreshes DHCP leases and re-registers
DNS names
Displays the contents of the DNS resolver
cache
What Is NETStat?
NETStat is used to display protocol statistics and current TCP/IP
network connections
Option
Description
-a
Displays all connections and listening ports
-b
Displays the executable involved in creating
each connection and listening port
-e
Displays Ethernet statistics
-r
Displays the routing table
-s
Displays per protocol statistics
What Is NBTStat?
NBTStat is used to display NetBIOS information on the local
computer
Option
-a
-c
Description
View NetBIOS information for a specific
NetBIOS name
View the local cache of machine names and
their IP addresses
-n
View local NetBIOS names
-R
Purges and reloads the remote cache name
table
-s
Lists sessions table by using IPv4 addresses
What Is Netsh?
Netsh is a command-line utility that is used to configure and
monitor network settings
You can configure and monitor:
•Windows Firewall
•IP settings
•Interface settings
•IPSec
Demonstration: Using TCP/IPv4 Tools
In this demonstration, you will see how to use:
• IPConfig
• NETStat
• Netsh
Lab: Configuring Basic TCP/IPv4 Settings and
Validating TCP/IPv4 Connectivity
• Exercise 1: Configuring a Dynamic IP Address
• Exercise 2: Configuring a Static IP Address
• Exercise 3: Testing DNS Configuration
• Exercise 4: Connecting to a Web Application
Virtual machine
NYC-DC1, NYC-CL1, NYC-WEB
User name
Administrator
Password
Pa$$w0rd
Estimated time: 60 minutes
Lab Review
• Why would you use NSLookup to verify DNS records rather
than using Ping?
• Why would you configure a Web site to run on a non-
standard port number?
Module Review and Takeaways
• Review Questions
• Real-world Issues and Scenarios
• Best Practices
• Tools