Transcript PPT

Hands-On Microsoft
Windows Server 2003
Chapter 1
Introduction to
Windows Server 2003,
Standard Edition
Objectives
• Identify the key features of each platform
that makes up the Windows Server 2003
family
• Understand the advantages of using
Windows XP Professional on a Windows
Server 2003 Network
• Understand the features of Windows
Server 2003 that make it an ideal server
operating system
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Objectives
• Plan a Windows Server 2003 networking
model
• Understand the protocols best suited for
Windows Server 2003
• Implement TCP/IP in Windows Server
2003
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Windows Server 2003 Platforms
• Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition
– For the everyday needs of small to large businesses
• Windows Server 2003, Web Edition
– For hosting and deploying Web services and
applications
• Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition
– For networks requiring high-end servers and a high
level of productivity
• Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition
– For environments with critical applications, very large
databases, and a high level of information access
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Windows Server 2003, Standard
Edition
• File and print services
• Secure Internet connectivity
• Centralized management of network
resources
• Supports up to two processors on an SMP
computer
• Can utilize up to 4 GB of RAM
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Windows Server 2003, Web Edition
• Supports up to two processors
• Can utilize up to 2 GB of RAM
• Optimized to run Microsoft Internet
Information Services 6.0
• Cannot manage network resources via
hosting Active Directory
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Windows Server 2003, Enterprise
Edition
• Supports up to eight processors
• Supports up to 32 GB for x86 computers
and up to 64 GB for Itanium computers
• Enables clustering of up to eight computer
nodes
• Supports hot-add memory
• Provides Non-Uniform Memory Access
(NUMA) and Microsoft Metadirectory
Services
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Windows Server 2003, Datacenter
Edition
• Support eight to 32 processors
• Eight-node clustering capacity
• Can utilize 64 GB for x86 computers and
128 GB for Itanium processors
• Supports hot-add memory
• Designed for large database applications
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Windows XP Professional
• A client is a computer that accesses resources
on another computer.
• A workstation is a computer with its own CPU.
• XP Professional is the client workstation most
compatible with Windows Server 2003.
– Achieves a lower total cost of ownership (TCO) than
other operating systems
– Features automatic installation and configuration
controlled by Windows Server 2003
– Compatible with Active Directory, a management
database
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Windows Server 2003 Features
• Centralized administration and
management of resources
• Security
• Scalability and compatibility
• Reliability and distributability
• Fault tolerance and recovery
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Centralized Administration and
Management of Resources
• Active Directory service manages network
resources.
• Objects stored in Active Directory are
easily accessible to all users.
• Objects are grouped into units, domains,
trees, forests, and sites.
• Remote system administration through
one central location
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Security
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File and folder permissions
Security policies
Encryption and authentication
Event auditing
Server management and monitoring tools
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Scalability and Compatibility
• Scales to multiple processors
• Supports multiple user connections
– Up to 15,000 in the Standard Edition
• Compatible with many different operating
systems and platforms
– IBM, Novell, UNIX, Linux, Banyan, DEC,
Macintosh
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Reliability
• Kernel runs in privileged mode
• Legacy applications run within a virtual DOS
machine
• Multitasking support
– Ability to run multiple programs at the same time
– Preemptive multitasking separates each program’s
memory areas
• Multithreading support
– Ability to run several program code blocks at the
same time
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Distributability
• Divides computer functions across many
computers
• Uses the Distributed Component Object
Model (DCOM)
– Software components can communicate over
a network.
– Software applications can be integrated
across several computers.
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Fault Tolerance and Recovery
• Recovery from hard disk failure through
RAID
• Protection from data loss through backup
• Recovery from system configuration errors
• Protection from power outages
• Advanced warning about system and
hardware problems
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Planning a Windows Server
2003 Networking Model
• Networks are communications systems linking
computers and their resources.
– Physically connected by cables or wireless devices
– Can be local or worldwide
• Windows Server 2003 implements two types of
networks.
– Peer-to-peer networking spreads administration
among all members.
– Server-based networking centralizes the network
administration.
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Peer-to-peer Networking
• Designed for ten or less workstations
• Only moderate network security
– Users manage their own account information.
• No centralized storage of information
• No centralized administration control
– Lack of management for users and critical files
– Inability to centrally back up important files
• Slower response times when sharing resources
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Server-based Networking
• Users log in once to access resources.
• Stronger security because of server
management
• Shared files by members
• Shared printers and other resources
• E-mail capability through an e-mail server
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Server-Based Networking (cont.)
• Applications stored in a central location
• Backups scheduled and performed from a
central location
• Shared resources can reflect the work
patterns of subgroups.
• More efficient software upgrades
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Activity 1-5
• How to determine if a computer is in a
Domain or Workgroup
• Page 11
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Protocols for the Windows
Server 2003 Networking Model
• A protocol is a set of communication guidelines
for the following:
– Formatting data into packets and frames
– Transmitting packets and frames across networks
– Interpreting packets and frames at the receiving end
• The Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) suite is most widely used.
– Used for Internet communication
– Designed as an open standard
– Connects computers running almost any OS
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Transmission Control Protocol
• Provides connection-oriented
communication
– Ensures that packets are delivered in the right
sequence and with the right contents
• Controls data flow based on network traffic
• Listens for communications requests and
establishes sessions
• Handles transmitting and receiving data
• Closes transmission sessions
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Internet Protocol
• Provides network addressing
• Routes data over different networks
– A router reads IP addresses and forwards
packets to the appropriate network.
• Handles fragmented packets
• Connectionless
– Relies on TCP to provide connection-oriented
communication
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IP Addresses
• 32-bits long, with four fields of decimal values
representing 8-bit binary octets
– Example: 10000001.00000101.00001010.01100100
converts to 129.5.10.100 in decimal format
• Divided into a network identifier and a host
identifier, depending on the following factors:
– LAN size
– Whether the LAN is divided into smaller networks
– The transmission type
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IP Addresses (cont.)
• Types of transmission
– Unicast: Sent from a server to each requesting client
– Multicast: Sent once from the server and reaching all
requesting clients
– Broadcast: Sent to all points in a network
• Subnet masks
– Show the class of address
– Divide a network into subnetworks
– Example: Subnet mask for class A addresses:
255.0.0.0
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IP Address Considerations
• 127.0.0.0 cannot be used for any network.
• 127.0.0.1 is the loopback address.
• Certain addresses are reserved for private
network use (see Table 1-2).
• Network numbers cannot be assigned to a
computer.
• The highest number on a network is
reserved for broadcast messages.
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Static and Dynamic Addressing
• Static addressing assigns a permanent, unique
address to a workstation.
– Gives the administrator direct control
– Useful for monitoring the network
– Database is needed to keep track of the IP addresses
• Dynamic addressing assigns an IP address to a
computer each time it logs on.
– Leased for a defined period of time
– Uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP)
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Default Gateway
• IP address of the network router that
connect to other networks
• Used when the destination computer is on
another network
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Name Resolution
• Computers are usually referred to by name
rather than IP address.
• TCP/IP only uses IP addresses for connections.
• NetBIOS names are used on older Windowsbased systems.
– Use Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) or
LMHosts files for resolution.
• Host names are used for computers on networks
that use the Domain Name System (DNS).
– Use Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) for
resolution.
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Physical Addresses and the
Address Resolution Protocol
• Each workstation has a physical address
associated with its network interface card (NIC).
• The physical address is called the media access
control (MAC) address.
• TCP/IP relies on both the IP and MAC address.
• Addresses are obtained using the Address
Resolution Protocol (ARP).
– The ARP cache contains recently resolved and static
MAC addresses.
– ARP sends a packet requesting the MAC address if it
is not in the cache.
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Activity 1-6
• Sample Utilities for IP Address and
Connectivity Testing
• Page 17
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Activity 1-7
• Using the ARP Command
• Page 20
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Implementing TCP/IP in
Windows Server 2003
• Installed by default in Windows Server 2003
• Can also be installed like any other protocol
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Configuring TCP/IP
• Decide on static or dynamic addressing.
• Use static addressing for routers, servers,
and to track network problems.
• Static addressing can be done manually,
but is error prone.
• Windows Server 2003 supports automatic
addressing.
– Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
– Dynamic addressing using a DHCP server
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Activity 1-9
• Statically Configuring TCP/IP
• Page 22
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Automatic Private IP Addressing
• Select the “Obtain an IP address automatically”
option in the Protocol Properties box.
• If there is no DHCP server, an IP address in the
range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 is
assigned.
• The computer can only communicate with others
on the same network that are automatically
configured.
• Disable automatic configuration through the
registry, but use caution.
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Dynamic Addressing through a
DHCP Server
• Install and configure a DHCP server.
• DHCP saves administrative effort by assigning
the following:
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IP address
Subnet mask
Default gateway
DNS server
• Select “Obtain an IP address automatically” in
the Protocol Properties box.
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Summary
• The Windows Server 2003 platforms
– Standard Edition
– Web Edition
– Enterprise Edition
– Datacenter Edition
• Windows Server 2003 features
– Scalable
– Efficient
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Summary
• Two types of networking models
– Peer-to-peer
– Server-based
• TCP/IP
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Default protocol installed with Windows Server 2003
Required by Active Directory
Suite of protocols and utilities
Enables communication across local and wide area
networks
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Summary
• IP addressing
– Unique address for each computer
– Consists of a network identifier and a host
identifier
– Has an associated subnet mask
• IP address configuration
– Static
– Automatic using APIPA or dynamic addressing
through DHCP
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