Transcript intelligent central processor

SMART MOBILE NETWORK
RAJARSHI SANYAL
Abbreviations
• LTE : Long Term evolution (4G) PATRONISED BY
GSMA
• IMS: IP Mutimedia Subsystem
• MSC: Mobile Switching Center (in 2G / 3G)
• CSCF : Call Session Control Function (in IMS)
• MME : Mobility Management Entity (in LTE)
Evolution of Mobile Communication
Key drivers to define the future generation (5G ,
6G....)
1. High Data rate over large coverage areas and
dense demographies.
2. Reduce cost of network infrastructure and
operation / maintenance.
3. Handsets catering next generation
applications, less dependence on network ,
less power consumption.
4. Less complexity in the Access (radio) and
core network layers.
The bottlenecks to achieve the objectives with the available
technologies
Idea not to bring out the weaknesses of the present, but to focus
on improvements. Acknowldege the Unrelented effort of the
telecom scientists that we have reached this stage
• The Network itself
– Hugely complex process of Mobility Management and
Radio resource management .Involves lot of control
signalling operations between the network
elements.Basic philosophy remains the same across
all the generations (2G/3G/4G).
– Typical hierarchy (cell, location area, network and
roaming between networks)
– Complexity in radio network design . Network
efficiency depends much on the frequency allocation
and the frequency reuse pattern defined by the
operator.
The bottlenecks to achieve the objectives with
the available technologies....
• Modulation Scheme :
– Starting from BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) in 2G and
ending with 64 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude modulation)
in LTE -Advanced, we try to trans-receive more symbols
per unit of time.
– But constrain is the Shannon bound (ref. Shannon law) of
the permissible Signal to Noise ratio. The more the data
rate, more it is prone to channel impairments and errors.
– So in LTE , the handset has to be near to the Base
Transreceiver. Augmenting coverage is a costly affair.
– Time to look for a smart modulation scheme to realise a
smarter network.
The bottlenecks to achieve the objectives
with the available technologies
• Dependence on Layer 7 (application layer
according to OSI model) processes :
– Network tracks the handset continuously.
– Handset initiates a Location Update process in a given time periodicity.
– Network and Handset manages the handover to another cell when location is
changed.BSSAP,MAP (DIAMETER IN LTE)
– All these network activities are managed by Application layer signalling processes
at the radio network.
– So the Network Equipments and the handset need to be intelligent enough to
compute and process continuously the signalling messages for mobility and
location management.
– The Network equipments should be able to actuate these processor intensive
activities , thus increases the cost of overall network .
– For the handset as well, it is the same issue as above. Moreover , these processes
drain lot of battery power , just to maintain its ‘presence’ in the network.
– Signalling messages at the radio layer consumes substantial bandwidth , which
could otherwise have been used for data traffic.
So our objectives ........
• Render more intelligence to the lower layers so that it can
simplify and actuate some processes (like addressing a Mobile
Node) , which are today layer 7 functionalities.
• Realise a Smart modulation scheme which does not just aim
to inject more symbols per unit time. It rather (also) attempts
to identify the users at layer 1 (physical layer).
• Reduce the Mobility Management and Radio Resource
Management functionalities , with a unique Access Network
topology which is compatible with this smart modulation
scheme.
The modulation scheme
GSM 2G (BPSK)
3G GSM –UMTS (8PSK)
LTE (16 QAM)
•With the evolution of Mobile technology, we attempt to inject more symbols (data) per unit time.
•User identification is actuated by higher layers (of OSI)
•Our Smart Hierarchical modulation has 2 concentric rings. Outer ring is meant for identifying a user. Inner
ring is meant for carrying the traffic for the user .Hence we render intelligence to the physical layer
Smart Modulation
LTE-A (64 QM)
Cell Design
Present design
•The available frequency band is subdivided in
Multiple sub frequencies bands. Each
frequency is carefully allocated to different
cells in the network, taking care that no same
frequency is allocated in neighbouring cell.
Frequency allocation within all the cells of the
network has to be meticulously done. It is
hugely a resource intensive activity.In GSM the
available bandwidth is divided in 125 sub
frequency bands which needs to be allocated
carefully to the cells.
•Handover of a call which the subscriber is
moving from one cell to the other is a process
that requires lot of signalling interaction
between the handset and the network. Its
quite complex.
Smart network design
•Simple checker board design.
•The available bandwidth is divided in just 2
sub bands (against 125 of them as in GSM).
•Square shaped cells
•Handover is driven more by the handset and is
simplified.
Network Design
•
For a Global Mobile network, we need an intelligent central processor which will act as
a bridge between the radio and the core network.
•
At the core network leg, the intelligent central processor will execute the mobility
management ,roaming , authentication , authorisation and other associated network
processes by interacting with other network adjuncts.
•
At the radio network leg, intelligent central processor will be associated with layer 1
&2 level activities and directly take part in analysing the frame at the ingress and help
in the frame formation at the egress.
•
Compared to the complexity we see it is analogous network components of the
available technologies (MSC in 2G/3G, CSCF in IMS , MME in LTE) , we can infer that the
Intelligent Central Processor is rather a light weight application , as it has to do much
less application layer processing.
Advantages
• Reduces the cost an complexity of network setup and operations.
• Makes the handset internal design simpler. Lesser electronics and
firmware will make it more affordable.
• Makes mobile communication more affordable , which is in turn
helps more penetration.
• Time to set up a network reduces , as cell / network planning part
gets simplified.
• As network processes are simplified , more processing power will
be available at the handset to fuel next generation intelligent
applications.