Transcript Web = Internet - Mrs. Murray`s World

A global, public network of computer
networks.
The largest computer network in the world.
Computer Network
A collection of computing devices connected to share
resources such as:
Files
Software
Processors
Storage
and printers
Pre-Web Internet development
milestones
1958
President Eisenhower formed Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA) and
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
in response to the USSR launching of Sputnik
1969
ARPA commissioned ARPANET for research into networking.
(ARPANET – Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
Pre-Web Internet development
milestones
Their initial goal:
Establish closer communications for research by connecting the computer
networks of four research institutions:
University of Calif. At Los Angeles
Stanford
University of Calif. At Santa Barbara
University of Utah
Once this goal was accomplished, they grew exponentially.
The first real communication occurred in late 1969 between the computer at
Stanford and the computer at UCLA.
The two men responsible for this communication were Vinton Cerf and Robert
Kahn – they are considered the “fathers” of the Internet
Pre-Web Internet development
milestones
1970
The first cross-country link was installed by AT&T to connect
networks across the country.
1973
ARPANET went international as it expanded overseas to
University College in London, England, and the Royal Radar
Establishment in Norway.
1983
ARPANET was divided into two sub-networks: MILNET, for
military needs, and ARPANET, for research.
Pre-Web Internet development
milestones
1990
The ARPANET project was officially concluded, and “the
Internet” was turned over to the public, to be managed by the
Internet Society (ISOC)
1991
The Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Association was
established to allow businesses to connect to the Internet.
1993
The first Web browser, Mosaic, was released to Internet users
to an unprecedented enthusiastic reception.
Users connect to the Internet through an Internet Service
Provider (ISP)
Internet Service Providers are companies that connect
individuals to the Internet
Examples:
Earthlink
Verizon
Time Warner
The internet is a network of network…… the central
component of the Internet is the “Internet backbone”.
Internet Backbone:
The main pathway of high speed communications lines
through which all Internet traffic flows.
Companies that control access to the main lines of the
Internet and supply Internet access to ISP’s are called
“Backbone Providers”
Sprint and A T & T are examples of Backbone Providers
Accessing the Internet
Dial-up
Low speed internet service that utilizes the
customer’s phone line for data transfer.
Rates may go as high as 56 Kb per second
Cable Modem
High speed internet service provided by
cable television service providers.
DSL
High speed internet service provided through the
phone line.
Digital Satellite
High speed internet service provided through satellite connection.
Succeeding with Technology
Web Browser:
A Web Browser is software installed on your
computer system that allows you to locate, view
and navigate the Web.
Examples:
Internet Explorer
Firefox
The Web is a series of connected paths, or links, that
connect you to different websites.
You gain access to a Web site by typing its unique address
or (URL) Uniform Resource Locator
The first part of the URL indicates the set of rules
(protocol) used to retrieve the specified document.
For most, URLs begin with http (hypertext transfer
protocol)
The protocol allows files to be transferred from a Web
server so that you can see them on your computer by using
a browser.
What is a Domain Name
Domain names consist of two parts:
1. The first part identifies who the site’s host is.
Ex. www.berkeley.edu
berkeley.edu is the domain name and berkeley is
the host
2. The suffix in the domain name after the dot is called the
top-level domain.
The suffix indicates the kind of organization to
which the host belongs.
Current top-level domains and their authorized users
Domain Name
.aero
.biz
.com
.coop
.edu
.gov
.info
.jobs
.mil
.museum
.name
.net
.org
.pro
.travel
.uk
.us
Who Can Use the Domain Name
Members of the air transport industry
Businesses
Originally for commercial sites, can be used by anyone now
Cooperative associations
Degree-granting institutions
United States government
Information service providers
Posting and recruiting job opportunities
United States military
Museums
Individuals
Originally for networking organizations, is no longer restricted
Organizations (often nonprofits)
Credentialed professionals
Travel-related services
United Kingdom country code
United States country code
Pg 113 of textbook
Internet Protocol (IP)
The Internet Protocol (IP) defines the format and addressing scheme
used for the packets
Data Packet
Small group of bytes that includes the data being sent and a header
containing information about the data, such as….
destination
origin
size
identification number
All devices connected to the internet have a unique IP Address
IP Address: a unique 32 bit identifier for internet hosts.
Static: permanently assigned to a particular computer
Internet Protocols
Protocols make the internet possible
• TCP/IP provides a standard that is fairly easy
to implement, public, free, and extensible
• TCP/IP is glue that holds the Internet together
Succeeding with Technology
IP Addresses
• The IP part of TCP/IP defines the format for
the addresses that identify computers on the
Internet
• These addresses are called IP addresses
• An IP address is a series of numbers, such
as 204.127.129.001
o It
is separated into four sections by periods
Succeeding with Technology
• People find it difficult to remember long strings of
numbers, so host computers also have names called
domain names
• Domain name – “fully qualified domain name” (FQDN),
usually typed in all lowercase
o Key component of URLs and e-mail addresses
o www. msu.edu/biologycatalog.htm - www.msu.edu is
the domain name
• A domain name ends with an extension that indicates its
top-level domain
Succeeding with Technology
Disputes
Domain Name → IP Address
• Each name corresponds to an IP address
• Domain name system – Huge database that
houses the names and IP addresses
• Domain name servers – Computers that house the
database
Succeeding with Technology
Web = Internet ??
Internet
Provides the technological infra-structure on which the
Web and other Internet-based services depend.
Web
Provides a convenient platform for delivering information
and services using the Internet
Communicating
Sharing
Learning
Finding entertainment
Making new friends
Digital Divide:
The difference between those that have access
to the internet and those that don’t.