Transcript ch05v2x - MIS315-05

Information Technology Foundations-BIT 112
CHAPTER 5
Network Applications
Information Technology Foundations-BIT 112
Chapter Outline
•
5.1 Network Applications
•
5.2 Web 2.0
•
5.3 E-Learning and Distance Learning
•
5.4 Telecommuting
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Learning Objectives
• Describe the four major network applications.
• Discuss the various techniques, applications, and web
sites that fall under the umbrella of Web 2.0.
• Differentiate between e-learning and distance
learning.
• Understand the advantages and disadvantages of
telecommuting for both employers and employees.
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Chapter Opening Case
P. 136
Hannaford Bros. HQ
communications??
communications??
comm??
Advertising meats
Checking out
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5.1 Network Applications – 4 Categories
• Network applications can be used for up to four
purposes.
–
–
–
–
Discovery
Communications
Collaboration, and
Web 2.0 and/or Web Services
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Network Application Categories
1. Discovery
• Discovery allows users to browse and search data
sources, in all topic areas, on the Web.
– Search engines
• Computer programs that search for specific information
by key words and report the results.
– Metasearch engines
• Search several engines at once and integrate the findings
of the various search engines to answer queries posted
by users.
– Portals
• Web-based, personalized gateway to information.
– Discovery of material in foreign languages can also be
accomplished on the Web because many engines perform
automatic translation.
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Four Largest Search Engines
• Google
• Yahoo
• Microsoft Network
• Ask
Handle
Over 90
Percent
Of All
Searches.
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Other Interesting Search Engines
• FilesTube
– Search and download files from file sharing and upload
sites
• GoSasa
– Metasearch engine that finds free online classified ads of all
kinds.
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Interesting Search Engines (continued)
• WeShow
– Human-powered search engine for finding online video
• SearchCrystal
– Allows you to visualize search results
• Gnosh
– Metasearch tool that lets you search large media sites as
well as social search engines
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Metasearch Engines
• Surf-Wax
• KartOO
• Metacrawler
• Dogpile
• Mamma
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Publication of Material in Foreign
Languages
•
Translation products include:
– Altavista
– Google
– Trados
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Altavista Translator
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Google Language Tools
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Discovery - Portals
• Web-based, personalized gateway that provides
relevant information from different IT systems and the
Internet using search and indexing techniques.
– Commercial (public) portals
• content for diverse communities and are most popular
portals on the Internet.
– Affinity portals
• support communities such as a hobby group or a political
party.
– Mobile portals
– Corporate portals
– Industrywide portals
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Commercial Portal (example)
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Affinity Portal (example)
Auburn University Alumni Affinity Portal
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A Corporate Portal Framework
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Corporate Portal (example)
• Fictional Company’s
Portal.
• Note the toolbar on the
left, which contains:
administration, my
ebusiness, my
groupware, my
productivity, my
financials, and my
utilities.
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Corporate Portal (example)
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Industrywide Portal (example)
TruckNet Portal
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Network Application Categories
2. Communication
• Electronic mail (e-mail)
– Largest-volume application running on the Internet.
• Web-based call centers (customer call center)
– Provide effective personalize customer contact services as
an important part of Web-based customer support.
• Electronic chat room
– A virtual meeting place where groups of regulars come to
“gab”.
• Voice Communication
– digitizing your analog voice signals.
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Call Centers
Call Center in the United States
Call Center in India
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Electronic Chat Room
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Voice Communication
• Two examples of Internet telephony. Voice-over IP
(VoIP) digitizes your analog voice signals, sections
them into packets, and sends them over the Internet.
Skype
Vonage
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Network Application Categories
3. Collaboration
• Collaboration refers to efforts of two or more entities
(individuals, teams, groups or organizations) who
work together to accomplish certain tasks.
– Work group
• Refers specifically to two or more individuals who act
together to perform some task.
– Virtual group (team)
• Group members are in different locations.
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Types of Collaboration
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•
•
•
•
•
•
Virtual collaboration
–
The use of digital technologies that enable organizations or individuals to collaboratively plan,
design, develop, manage and research products, services and innovative applications.
Workflow technologies
–
Facilitate the movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an
organization’s work procedures. Includes workflow management and workflow systems.
Groupware
–
Software products that support groups of people who share a common task or goal and who
collaborate to accomplish it.
Teleconferencing
–
Use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to hold a
simultaneous conference.
Videoconference
–
Participants in one location can see participants at other locations and share data, voice, pictures,
graphics and animation by electronic means.
Web conferencing
–
Videoconferencing conducted over the Internet.
Real-time collaboration tools
–
Support synchronous communication of graphical and text information i.e. computer-based
whiteboards.
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Workflow and Groupware Technologies
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Telepresence Systems - The Latest
Version of Videoconferencing
• Enable participants to seamlessly share data, voice,
images, graphics, video, and animation electronically.
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Leading Telepresence Systems
• Cisco Telepresence 3000
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Leading Telepresence Systems
(continued)
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Hewlett-Packard Halo System
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Leading Telepresence Systems
(continued)
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Polycom HDX 9000
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Whiteboard – A Real-time Collaboration
Tool
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Network Application Categories
4. Web Services (5.2 Web 2.0)
• Web 2.0 is a term describing changing trends in the
use of Web technology and web design.
• The aim is to enhance creativity, information sharing,
and collaboration among users.
• These concepts have led to the development and
evolution of web-based communities and hosted
services, such as social-networking sites, video
sharing sites, wikis, blogs, and folksonomies.
• Thus, Web 2.0 is a loose collection of the latest
information technologies and applications, and the
Web sites that use them.
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Web 2.0 Information Technologies and
Applications
• AJAX
– A web development technique that allows
portions of web pages to reload with fresh
data instead of requiring the entire web page to reload.
• Tagging
– A tag is a keyword or term that describes a piece of
information (e.g., blog, picture, article, video clip).
•
Blogs and blogging
– A blog is a personal web site,
open to the public, in which the
site creator expresses his or her
feelings or opinions.
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Web 2.0 Information Technologies and
Applications (continued)
• Wikis
– Web site on which anyone can
post material and make changes
to other material.
Wikis used in business
• Really Simple Syndication (RSS)
– RSS allows users to receive, or customize
the information they receive when they
want it without having to surf thousands of
web sites.
• Podcasts and Videocasts
– A podcast is a digital audio file that is
distributed over the web using RSS for
playback on portable media players or
PCs. A videocast is the same as a podcast,
only with digital media and audio content.
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Categories of Web 2.0 Sites
• Social Networking Sites
– Allow users to upload their content to the web in the form
of text, voice, images, and video.
• Aggregators
– Provide collection of content from the web (e.g.,
Technorati, Digg, Simple thred).
• Mashups
– A web site that takes content from a number of other web
sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of
content (e.g., SkiBonk, Healthmap, ChicagoCrime)
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Social Networking Sites
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More Social Networking Sites
• BusinessWeek slideshow
• Radar Networks has developed Twine, which claims
to be the first Web 3.0 social networking site.
– Each user’s Twine home page is a personal dashboard. Its
central feature is a list of updates not unlike the Facebook
News Feed—that allows a user to import any memo,
website, video, or photo from anywhere on the desktop or
Internet.
– Twine then uses semantic web
technology to automatically
organize all of the user’s
information by theme and then
infer what other information
might also interest that user.
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Aggregators
• Provide collection of content from the web.
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Mashup (Skibonk)
• A web site that takes content from a number of other web
sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of
content.
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Mashup (HealthMap)
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Mashup (ChicagoCrime)
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More Mashups
• BusinessWeek slideshow
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Web Services and Service-Oriented
Architecture
• Web Services
– Applications delivered over the Internet that users can select
and combine through almost any device, from personal
computer to cell phones.
– Using a set of shared protocols and standards, web service
applications permit different systems to share data and
service without requiring humans to translate.
• Service-Oriented Architecture
– An IT architecture that makes it possible to construct
business applications using web services.
– The architecture enables the web services to be reused
(often in multiple applications) across the organization.
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Four Protocols of Web Services
• Extensible Markup Language (XML)
• Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
• Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
• Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration
(UDDI)
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Web Services Architecture
• Web services architecture has three major components:
(1) Web services provider, (2) Web services directory, (3)
Web services client (or consumer).
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Widgets
Time widget
Weather widget
Date widget
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5.3 E-Learning and Distance Learning
• E-Learning
– Learning supported by the
Web.
• Distance learning (DL)
– Any learning situation in
which teachers and
students do not meet faceto-face.
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Benefits of E-Learning
• Self-paced learning increases content retention.
• Online materials deliver high-quality, current content.
• Students have the flexibility of learning from any
place at any time at their own pace.
• Learning time generally is shorter, and more people
can be trained due to faster training time.
• Training costs can be reduced.
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Drawbacks of E-Learning
• Instructors may need training to be able to teach
electronically.
• The purchase of additional multimedia equipment
may be necessary.
• Students must be computer literate and may miss the
face-to-face interaction with instructors.
• There are issues with assessing students’ work, as
instructors really do not know who completed
assignments.
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Virtual Universities (example)
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5.4 Telecommuting
• Telecommuting allows workers to work anytime and
anyplace.
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Telecommuting Benefits
• For Employees
– Reduced stress, improved family life
– Employment opportunities for single parents and persons
with disabilities
• For Employers
– Increased productivity
– Ability to retain skilled employees
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Telecommuting Disadvantages
• For Employees
– Feelings of isolation
– No workplace visibility
– Potential for slower promotions
• For Employers
– Difficulties in supervising work
– Potential information security problems
– Additional training costs
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Do you want to telecommute?
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Chapter Closing Case
P. 162
First Vermont Bank, a part
of the TD Banknorth family
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